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More than ten years after the largest economic crisis, which stroke the European Union in 2008 and thoroughly tested its readiness and ability to act, Europe was hit by a global pandemic of COVID-19. Because of this crisis, the European Union and its institutions faced a number of challenges, stemming from unprecedented measures imposed to tackle it. In contrast with the economic crisis, it was not only the European industrial and financial sectors but also more segments, essential to the functioning of the European Union itself, which were affected by the recent crisis. The aim of this thesis is to point out the differences of impacts of the two crisis and to find out the role played by the European Commission during the process of dealing with them.

Bibliografický záznam TAUCHMANOVÁ, Barbora. Evropský systém obchodování s emisními povolenkami (EU ETS), jeho fungování a úspěšnost. Praha, 2017. 81 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut mezinárodních studií. Katedra evropských studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce doc. Mgr. Tomáš Weiss, M.A., Ph.D. Abstract This thesis European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS), its functioning and success analyzes EU's emission trading scheme that has been created in 2005. This system has gone through a considerable development but his most visible and very important parameter - price of one emission allowance - still points out the problems of the whole system through its value (or the lack of it). In this work, the ETS is understood as an institution and is looked at through the optics of combination of rational and historical institutionalism. The aim of the thesis was to answer two questions - why can be the emission trading system considered dysfunctional despite a series of reforms and, consequently, why this system stays preserved in its current form and settings. As the work explains, considerable role in the long-term price failure had been played by economic crisis. But its influence can be tied only to a certain time period, so the continuing problems have to be ascribed...

This bachelor thesis aims to explain how euroscepticism in Italy affected the relation between the country and the European Union. It is focused on the development and analysis of euroscepticism in general. Later the findings are applied to the case of Italy, through which I analyse the factors that contributed to the rise of euroscepticism and the popularity of this stance. The focus is on the events from 2009 to 2014, namely the crucial events in Italy (Tangentopoli, introduction of Euro, political elections, and so forth). The situations in Greece, Germany and Spain are analysed and compared (with Italy and each other) next. The consequences of the debt crisis on the countries, such as the creation of the first Eurosceptic party in Germany or the deferring consequences of the crisis in Greece and Spain are also described. Thanks to the comparison, the situation in Italy and its consequences for the EU (and vice-versa) are put into a broader perspective and better understood. The last chapter describes the way the changes in attitude towards the EU influenced the relations between Italy and the Union (from an originally positive relation to a currently passive-negative one). The contemporary situation and its possible consequences (for example the changes in function and form of the EU and Eurozone, or the possible reforms in Italy) are accentuated throughout the thesis.

There are many regional development theories already dealing with development of regional differences and their trends. In the European context is regional development linked with terms like convergence/divergence and related to the basic principles of the European Union Cohesion Policy, which goal is a higher level of integration and compensation of regional differences among member states' regions. Currently is this topic closely associated with last years' significant phenomenon - the economical crisis. The aim of this thesis is to compare the regional development among the European Union member states during the recent economical crisis by analysing regional differentiation on levels NUTS 2 and NUTS. The regional differentiation was calculated using two variability indices (Theil index and the coefficient of variation) and based on the unemployment rate and Gross Domestic Product per capita. Arising from the main hypothesis the bimodality of old versus new member states was partially confirmed, which was more evident using the unemployment rate. Finally the cluster analysis was used to create groups of states on the basis of similarity in the development of differentiation during the crisis. The results didn't show significant dependence according to the proposed hypotheses. The real impact of the...

The Impact of Economic Crisis on Fertility in EU Member States Abstract The present bachelor thesis describes and compares the development of economic and demographic indicators within the context of the economic crisis in Europe. Using cluster analysis 27 European Union members have been divided into groups with similar characteristics. Moreover the countries were analysed based on results of cluster analysis covering selected years 2006 and 2011 which were selected by assuming of different values of parameters before and after the main impact of the economic crisis. European countries have been facing a decrease of total fertility rate below replacement levels from 60th of 20th century. It can be quite difficult to identify reasons of the above mentioned symptoms, but aspects affecting the total fertility level may be just changes in reproductive behaviour patterns associated with the impact of the second demographic transition and changing economic and political conditions in European countries. As there is a different total fertility level in various European countries we can see different interventions of local governments through a different pro-natal policy to encourage fertility. Key words: economic indicators, demographic indicators, economic crisis, European Union, family policy, cluster analysis

This bachelor thesis is concerned with problems of economic crisis of Greece a its impacts on trade with Czech Republic. The paper gives summary of development of basic macroeconomic data and studies the causes of origins of the crisis, which be traced back to the 1980's. Special attention is given to longterm indebtedness of the country and sustainability of the debt. Further the paper describes the course of the crisis and analyses the impacts of the economy of Greece and the trade with Czech Republic. It focuses on the most important sectors of economy as industy, transport, tourism and agriculture. The paper provides a list of measures, which were undertaken by Greece and European Union to improve the situation. Among these counts for example reforms, government cuts and financial aid from EU and IMF. Political environment of Greece and problems of grey economy and corruption are discussed. Paper also deals with development of bonds and ratings. In the final chapter the impact of crisis on trade with Czech Republic is evaluated.

The diploma thesis "The Labour Market in the European Union" evaluates the developments of the labour market in the European Union and the mechanisms of the European Union's employment policy in the period of 2000-2010. The theoretical definitions of the main labour market categories and three major macroeconomic models are explained in the first chapter. The second part provides comparative analysis of them member states based on selected labour market indicators -- employment, unemployment, labour productivity and costs and labour market policy The third chapter investigates in the activities of the European Union in the area of employment policy and more closely focuses on the European Employment Strategy, its guidelines and influence on member states policy setting. The chapter closes with the overview of the financial resources activated by the EU to support employment in response to the financial crisis.

This thesis focuses on the changes in the European Union due to the economic crisis in 2008/2009. The thesis defines an integrational system of the European Union and the changes in the system that bring some changes to the economic integration of the European Union. The main research question is whether the economic crisis brings the deepening of the economic integration or some desintegration tendencies in the European Union. The main part is the analysis of the free movement of goods, services, people and capital on the single market in the European Union. With an accent on the analysis of the institutional integration in the European Union. The thesis looks into the connection between the instutional and real integration of the European Union and the economic situation in the member states.

The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the development of Finnish economy in past few years especially in context of global financial and economic crisis. This work also examines the causes of remarkable uptorn in Finland's economic performance since 1990 and the longevity of such state. Attention is also paid to current main characteristics of Finnish economy in world context such as nordic social model, education system and research, development and innovations.

The work analyses macroeconomic development of the Baltic States from the beginning of the 1990s until today and their position in the European Union evaluated on the basis of nominal and real convergence indicators. A significant part of the text is dedicated to the current economic crisis and to its impacts on the Baltic region. In this context, possible solutions and perspectives for future progress are suggested.