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Myrtaceae are one of the largest families of flowering plants and are widely distributed in the Neotropics, where they are mainly represented by the tribe Myrteae. Myrteae are the most species-rich tribe of Myrtaceae and include groups with significant ecological and economic importance. Myrteae are considered to be a model group for biodiversity studies in the Neotropics, and so understanding the history of their diversification in this area is extremely important. The last decade has witnessed an increase in macro- and microevolutionary studies of the group, and summarizing this knowledge is now crucial to plan future steps in research on Myrteae. Here we provide the first overview of evolution and diversification studies on Myrteae, highlighting recent advances in understanding their evolutionary history. We discuss biogeography, phylogeny, phylogeography, population genetics, genomics and cytology in light of current knowledge. Finally, we provide perspectives and open hypotheses to be tested in future studies to fill gaps in the evolutionary knowledge of specific groups/taxa in Myrteae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]