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Quarantine periods change routines and behaviors with potential impact on different health outcomes. To determine the association between changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors with changes in back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Brazilian adults. This was a nationwide survey through online questionnaires using data from 43,062 adults (≥ 18 years of age). Information on back pain was assessed using questions about episodes of back pain and worsening symptoms during the quarantine. The pattern of movement behaviors adopted before and during the pandemic were considered for physical inactivity (< 150 min/week of activity), high TV-viewing (≥ 4 h/d), and high computer/tablet use (≥ 4 h/d). Covariates included sex, age group, academic achievement, skin color, working status during the quarantine, and adherence to the quarantine. Logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses (weighted for national representativity). Becoming inactive (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.37), with high TV-viewing (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.61) and high computer/tablet use (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.73) during the pandemic were associated with a higher incidence of back pain. The incidence of physical inactivity was also associated with increased back pain (OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.64, 4.48). We conclude that increased physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine are associated with the incidence and worsening symptoms of back pain among Brazilian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To contextualize the use of methodological tools and report the experiences with the course "Assessment and Prescription of Physical Activity for Health and Disease" ministered for professionals/residents in Physical Education (PE). METHODS: The article presents the descriptions of activities developed for two professionals of the first class from the multidisciplinary residence of the Midwestern Parana State University (Unicentro-PR). We aimed to innovate in teaching aspects, using methodological references such as evidence-based physical activity and program-based learning. RESULTS: There are some highlighted experiences such as the importance of searching for the theoretical reference and the timing to apply the topics, optimizing the application of science in the residences' practice and the pragmatic trials stimulating evidences that reflects practices. CONCLUSION: We hope this report provides the continuous discussion on multidisciplinary residence courses about the optimization of science applied into practice by PE professionals in the primary health care context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the mediating role of social network size and perceived quality in the associations of physical activity with quality of life and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. We analyzed information of 10,569 middle-aged and older adults from waves 2 (2006–2007), 4 (2011–2012), and 6 (2015) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe study (SHARE). Data on physical activity (moderate and vigorous intensities), social network (size and quality), depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale), and quality of life (CASP) were self-reported. Sex, age, country of residency, schooling, occupational status, mobility, and baseline values of the outcome were used as covariates. We created mediation models to test the mediating effect of social network size and quality in the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Social network size partly mediated the association between vigorous physical activity and depressive symptoms (7.1%; 95%CI: 1.7–12.6) as well as the association between moderate (9.9%; 1.6–19.7) and vigorous (8.1%; 0.7–15.4) physical activity and quality of life. Social network quality did not mediate any of the associations tested. We conclude that social network's size, but not satisfaction, mediates part of the association of physical activity with depressive symptoms and quality of life in middle-aged and older adults. Future physical activity interventions among middle-aged and older adults should consider increasing social interactions to facilitate benefits for mental health-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based supervised group exercise may be an effective option to increase activity levels throughout pregnancy. Previous studies that have explored predictors of low adherence to exercise during pregnancy have not examined group-based settings. We analysed an international cohort of 347 pregnant women who participated in group-based prenatal exercise interventions (from <20 weeks to 34–36 weeks pregnant). Probable adherence predictors informed by previous literature that were assessed included: pre-pregnancy physical activity level and body mass index (BMI) classification, age, number of previous pregnancies, and education level. Adherence was measured by attendance. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to explore the relationship between the selected predictors and high adherence (≥70%). Post-secondary education level versus only secondary (aOR 5.28; CI 1.67; 16.72) or primary level (aOR 13.82; CI 4.30; 44.45) presented greater likelihood to have high adherence to the exercise intervention than low adherence. Future research and public health initiatives should consider implementing strategies to overcome education-related barriers to improve accessibility to prenatal exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Attributes of the neighborhood-built environment are associated with self-reported physical activity, but only a few studies have concentrated on device-measured physical activity in Latin America. This study examines the associations of perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes, device-measured sedentary time, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults from 8 Latin American countries.Methods: Data from Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud adult study, an observational multicountry study (N=2,478), were analyzed in 2020. Data were collected between 2014 and 2015. Perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes were measured using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data were collected using accelerometers.Results: No associations between perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes and sedentary time were found. Positive perceptions of walking/cycling facilities (β=6.50, 95% CI=2.12, 10.39) were associated with more light-intensity physical activity. Perceptions of better aesthetics (Argentina) and better walking/cycling facilities (Brazil and Ecuador) were positively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Land use mix-diversity (β=0.14, 95% CI=0.03, 0.25), walking/cycling facilities (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.05, 0.27), aesthetics (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.02, 0.30), and safety from traffic (β=0.18, 95% CI=0.05, 0.24) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Land use mix-diversity, street connectivity, and safety from traffic were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in Venezuela.Conclusions: These findings have implications for policy recommendations, which can guide policies to promote physical activity in the region. Land use mix-diversity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, and safety from traffic can maintain or increase the levels of light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Latin American adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological and molecular mechanisms linking prenatal physical activity and improvements in maternal–fetal health are unknown. It is hypothesized that small extracellular vesicles (EVs, ~ 10–120 nm) are involved in tissue cross-talk during exercise. We aimed to characterize the circulating small EV profile of pregnant versus non-pregnant women after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant control (N = 9) women performed a single session of moderate-intensity treadmill walking for 30 min. Plasma was collected immediately pre- and post-exercise, and small EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. EV presence was confirmed by western blotting for the small EV proteins TSG-101 and flottilin-1. Small EVs were quantified by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. All EV fractions were positive for TSG-101 and flotillin-1, and negative for calnexin. Mean vesicle size at baseline and percent change in size post-exercise were not different between groups. At baseline, pregnant women had higher levels of small EVs compared to controls (1.83E+10 ± 1.25E+10 particles/mL vs. 8.11E+09 ± 4.04E+09 particles/mL, respectively; p = 0.032). Post-exercise, small EVs increased significantly in the circulation of pregnant compared to non-pregnant women after correcting for baseline values (64.7 ± 24.6% vs. − 23.3 ± 26.1%, respectively; F = 5.305, p = 0.035). Further research is needed to assess the functional roles of exercise-induced small EVs in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity were independently associated with a lower incidence of mild cognitive impairment. • Handgrip strength was associated a lower hazard for incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia. • Handgrip strength partly mediated the association between moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity and mild cognitive impairment. We analyzed the mediating role of handgrip strength in the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We used prospective data from 14 European countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. 19,686 participants free of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (64.9 ± 8.7 years) were followed up for a mean of 10.2 years. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was self-reported, and handgrip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. Mild cognitive impairment was defined as 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the standardized global cognition score, while dementia was determined by physician diagnosis. Gender, age, country, education, presence of chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, limitations in activities of daily living, body mass index, and baseline cognitive levels were used as covariates. Cox proportional hazards as well as mediation models were used. Moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 1 day per week was independently associated with lower incident mild cognitive impairment (HR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74–0.98). A 10 % increase in handgrip strength was associated a 6 % lower hazard for incident mild cognitive impairment (0.94; 0.92–0.97) and 5 % lower hazard for incident dementia (0.95; 0.93–0.98). Handgrip strength partly mediated the association of moderate to vigorous physical activity with mild cognitive impairment (Coefficient: 0.03; 95%CI: 0.01–0.05; 17.9 %). Physical activity is independently associated with a lower incidence of mild cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between sedentary time (ST) patterns and depressive symptoms, and whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can moderate this association. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 243 adults (mean age 41.8616.7 years, 56.4% women) from a city in Southeast Brazil. Depressive symptoms were estimated through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). ST patterns (i.e., number of breaks, mean length of sedentary bouts, and number of long sedentary bouts), total ST, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometers. Results: Poisson regression models revealed associations of total ST (b = 0.063; 95%CI 0.011 to 0.116) and number of long bouts (0.108; 0.047 to 0.171) with depressive symptoms among men. MVPA moderated the associations of breaks and longer bouts of ST with depressive symptoms, with an increase of one break/hour, the increase of one long bout, and a decrease of 1 minute in mean bout length being associated with a reduction of 0.211 and increases of 0.081 and 0.166, respectively, in the number of depressive symptoms among men with physical inactivity (breaks = -0.211; -0.360 to -0.063; mean bout length = 0.081; 0.003 to 0.158; number of long bouts = 0.166; 0.090 to 0.242). Conclusions: Interventions that encourage breaking up ST should be helpful to reduce depressive symptoms among people with physical inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We tested whether stressful workplace characteristics confound or moderate the association between occupational physical activity and depressive symptoms.Method: We used data of 36,442 employed adults (16,992 women), with a mean age of 39.3 ± 12.6y, from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-point: ≥10). Occupational physical activity was self-reported and classified using the cut-point of 150 min/week and the highest quintile. Ten stressful workplace characteristics (e.g. exposure to stress, noise, violence) were also self-reported dichotomously. Logistic regression models were used considering the adjustment for potential confounders.Results: Most of the stressful workplace characteristics were associated with elevated depressive symptoms (8/10 characteristics) and higher occupational physical activity (9/10 characteristics). Although there were no interactions in combined associations, we found that the association between occupational physical activity and depressive symptoms consistently reduced after adjusting for the cluster of positive screening for at least two stressful workplace characteristics in men [highest quintile: ORunadjusted: 1.63 (95%CI 1.22-2.17) vs ORadjusted: 1.36 (1.08-1.91); ≥150 min/week: ORunadjusted: 1.43 (1.09-1.88) vs ORadjusted: 1.25 (0.95-1.64)], and women [highest quintile: ORunadjusted: 2.15 1.73-2.66) vs ORadjusted: 1.83 (1.47-2.29); ≥150 min/week: ORunadjusted: 2.11 (1.68-2.65) vs ORadjusted: 1.80 (1.42-2.27)].Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits the causal inference.Conclusions: Stressful workplace characteristics did not moderate, but acted as confounders in the association between occupational physical activity and elevated depressive symptoms and should be considered in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to analyze the associations between multiple lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptoms.Methods: We included 4,725 adults (18-59y), that provided data in routine health evaluations of a hospital in Brazil, followed for a mean period of 3.1 ± 1.6 years. Physical activity, alcohol consumption (measured using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and tobacco smoking were categorized as: (1) absence of the behavior (inactivity i.e. not complying with 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week, not smoking, no risky drinking, i.e. AUDIT<5) during baseline and follow-up; (2) Absence during baseline and presence during follow-up; (3) Presence during baseline and absence during follow-up; (4) Presence during both time points. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Inventory was adopted to analyze patterns of depressive symptoms over time (as exposure). C-reactive protein [HS-CRP]) was assessed and its role in the association was tested. Incidence indicators of behaviors and depressive symptoms were created and used as outcomes. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression analysis.Results: Fully adjusted models revealed that persistently physical inactive participants (RR:1.71;95%CI:1.33-2.21), those who became physically inactive (1.68;1.19-2.26), with consistently risky drinking (1.62;1.15-2.30), and who became risky drinkers (1.62;1.15-2.30) had higher risk for incidence of elevated depressive symptoms. Vice versa participants with incidence of depressive symptoms over time presented higher risk for physical inactivity (1.44;1.11-1.87) and risky drinking (1.65;1.16-2.34) incidence. HS-CRP did not influence the associations.Limitations: Self-reported physical activity, binary tobacco smoking, and non-probabilistic sampling.Conclusions: There is a prospective relationship between elevated depressive symptoms and adverse lifestyle behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our aim was to analyze the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and depressive symptoms, as well as the extent to which TV viewing and physical activity moderate this association. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2013 Brazilian National Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Sau'de) of 59,402 adults (33,482 women, mean age = 42.9 years, 95%CI 42.7-43.2 years). Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), physical activity, TV viewing, and sugarsweetened beverage consumption, as well as potential confounders (chronological age, ethnicity, consumption of candy/sweets and fruit, multimorbidity, education, and employment status) were selfreported. Poisson regression models were used for association analyses. Results: The consumption of 16 or more glasses/week of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher levels of severe depressive symptoms among women compared to no consumption (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.71 [95%CI 1.38-2.11]). Consistent interactions were observed between 1-5 glasses and TV viewing (PR 2.09 [95%CI 1.06-4.12]) and between 11-15 glasses and TV viewing (PR 2.90 [95%CI 1.29-6.50]) among men compared to no consumption, given that the cooccurrence of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and elevated TV viewing was associated with higher odds of severe depressive symptoms. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption did not interact with physical activity, only presenting an independent association. Conclusion: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was independently associated with severe depressive symptoms among women and interacted with TV viewing, but not with physical activity among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to investigate whether different types and social contexts of physical activity (PA) participation are prospectively associated with psychological distress and well-being among middle-aged adults. Data from the 1970 British Cohort Study was used (N = 5144–2733 women). At age 42y, participants reported their type of leisure-time PA, which was classified as individual PA or group PA (exposure). At age 46y, participants reported co-primary outcomes: psychological distress (Malaise Inventory) and well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh scale). Highest academic achievement, employment status, country of interview, baseline values of psychological distress and well-being, smoking, alcohol use, TV-viewing and total physical activity at 42y were used as covariates. Main analyses included linear regression stratifying by sex. Jogging, cross-country, road-running (both sexes) as well as team sports (men) were associated with higher well-being. Health, fitness, gym or conditioning activities and jogging, cross-country (women), road-running (women) and team sports (men) were associated with lower psychological distress. Participation in both individual and group PA were associated with lower psychological distress and higher well-being for both sexes in crude models. However, adjusted models revealed that only group PA was associated with lower psychological distress (B : −0.106; 95%CI: −0.188 to −0.025) and higher well-being (0.835; 0.050 to 1.619) among men but not women. In the sensitivity analysis, group PA was associated with higher well-being (0.855; 0.094 to 1.616) when compared with individual PA among men. Group PA was not associated with psychological distress among both sexes and well-being among women when compared with individual PA. Group PA was prospectively associated with lower psychological distress and higher well-being among men but not females. Future PA interventions could focus on group activities for males. Further research to understand the relationship between individual/group PA and mental health is required in females. • Both individual and group activities were associated with higher well-being and lower psychological distress in crude models. • Group PA was associated higher well-being when compared with individual PA practice, among men, in the adjusted models. • Future physical activity interventions for mental health could focus on group activities for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adherence to physical activity (PA) and gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations during pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes, including reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Limited research has evaluated the effect of meeting PA in combination with GWG recommendations on placental efficiency (Pl-E), a surrogate marker of the placenta's ability to exchange nutrients and gas based on surface area. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare Pl-E based on meeting PA and GWG recommendations. Method: Healthy pregnant women (n = 61) wore accelerometers in their second and third trimesters to objectively measure PA. Women were classified as active or inactive at each time point based on meeting the 2019 Canadian prenatal PA guidelines. Total GWG was calculated as weight measured in the third trimester minus self-reported prepregnancy weight, and were categorized as insufficient (n = 19), adequate (n = 22), and excessive (n = 20) according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Placental weight (PW) and birth weight (BW) were measured within 30 min of delivery and 24–48 h postdelivery, respectively. Pl-E was determined in three ways: BW:PW ratio, residual BW, and measured BW, with a higher value indicating better Pl-E. Pl-E was compared by PA and GWG status using a two-way ANOVA. Results: No differences were found in the BW:PW ratio or residual BW corresponding to PA and GWG status. Measured BW was significantly higher in newborns of women who gained weight excessively compared with those who gained insufficient weight (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that prenatal PA does not compromise Pl-E; however, further research is required to evaluate the potential mechanistic benefits of meeting PA and GWG guidelines on the placenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate on a rapid review model that can be useful for undergraduate thesis projects (TCC) in Physical Education courses, and for approximate science and professional practice. METHODS: We described the adaptations performed in order to come up with an alternative method to develop rapid reviews in fourth year projects at the undergraduate level. RESULTS: A student and professor presented extracted data from the studies, the student provided initial opinion and final synthesis and, finally, critical appraisal of the committee and researcher with expertise in knowledge translation about the developed method were included. CONCLUSION: We expect that this report will promote discussion on the topic about the supervision of fourth year research projects in Physical Education, with emphasis on Physical Activity and Health and offers a way to bridge the gap between scientific evidence and practices through actions directed at to future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate on a rapid review model that can be useful for undergraduate thesis projects (TCC) in Physical Education courses, and for approximate science and professional practice. METHODS: We described the adaptations performed in order to come up with an alternative method to develop rapid reviews in fourth year projects at the undergraduate level. RESULTS: A student and professor presented extracted data from the studies, the student provided initial opinion and final synthesis and, finally, critical appraisal of the committee and researcher with expertise in knowledge translation about the developed method were included. CONCLUSION: We expect that this report will promote discussion on the topic about the supervision of fourth year research projects in Physical Education, with emphasis on Physical Activity and Health and offers a way to bridge the gap between scientific evidence and practices through actions directed at to future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We analyzed the joint association of high ultra-processed food ingestion and sedentary behavior (SB) with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among Brazilian adolescents.Methods: Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of 9th grade adolescents [mean: 14.28 years (range: 11-18 years)] conducted in 2015 (n = 100,648) were used. Self-reported anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, SB (TV viewing and total sitting time), and frequency of ingestion of different ultra-processed foods were collected. Age, ethnicity, type of city (capital or interior), region of the country, and habitual physical activity (global scholar survey questionnaire) were covariates. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations.Results: High ultra-processed food ingestion plus low SB [boys:OR:1.44(99%CI:1.16-1.79), girls:OR:1.41(99%CI:1.22-1.63)] were risk factors for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. The highest risk of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance was observed among those who joint high ultra-processed food ingestion with high SB [boys:OR:1.85(99%CI:1.46-2.35), girls:OR:1.62(99%CI:1.39-1.89)]. In addition, the interaction of high ultra-processed food ingestion with TV-viewing substantially increased the odds of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance [boys:OR:2.03(99%CI:1.61-2.56), girls:OR:2.04(99%CI:1.76-2.36)].Conclusions: Both the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and SB (especially TV-viewing) appear to be independently associated with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance in both sexes. However, the co-occurrence of both negative lifestyle behaviors is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our findings and explore potential mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents. We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including a representative sample of 296,861 adolescents (11-18y) from 79 countries (48.9% girls, 14.5 ± 1.6 years). Social isolation was estimated by combining the self-reported number of friends and loneliness perception. Physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression models were created to analyze the associations of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those practicing ≥60 min of physical activity during 1‐4 days/week, social isolation was associated with a higher prevalence of not practicing physical activity (Prevalence ratio [PR]:1.24; 95%CI:1.19–1.29), and a lower prevalence of practicing during ≥5d/wk. (PR:0.91; 95%CI:0.88–0.94). Compared with <4 h/d of leisure-time sedentary behavior, being socially isolated was also associated with a higher prevalence of 4-7 h/d (PR: 1.08; 95%CI:1.03–1.14) and ≥ 8 h/d (PR: 1.24; 95%CI:1.16–1.33) of leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those participants without elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior and with those practicing adequate physical activity, social isolation was independently associated with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15–1.26) and elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior (PR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.14–1.30), as well as with both risk factors simultaneously (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.28–1.45). Reducing social isolation could be an important component of future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among adolescents. • Social isolation was associated with lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. • Social isolation was associated with a higher leisure-time sedentary behavior. • Social isolation was associated with the combination of lower PA and higher SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both physical activity (PA) and TV-viewing are associated with depressive symptoms, but the combined association with depressive symptoms is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the joint association of PA and TV-viewing with depressive symptoms among a large cohort of adults.Methods: We used data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 59,401 adults [≥18 years (34,282 women)]. Information regarding exposures (TV-viewing and leisure PA), outcome (depressive symptoms) and covariates (chronological age, race, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption) were self-reported. Body mass index was estimated through the assessment of body mass and stature. Logistic regression models were used.Results: Engaging in >5 hours of TV viewing was associated with elevated depressive symptoms [13.1% (CI95%: 11.6%-14.7%) vs. 7.4% (95%CI:7.0%-7.8%)]. However, this association was nullified when people met guidelines and engaged in >150 min of PA per week. Specifically, among men [Active: OR = 1.16 (95%CI: 0.58-2.32) vs. Inactive: OR = 3.63 (95%CI: 2.43-5.42)] and women [Active: OR=1.30 (95%CI: 0.80-2.11) vs. Inactive: OR = 1.84 (95%CI: 1.43-2.36)].Conclusion: Whilst TV viewing is associated with increased depressive symptoms, meeting recommended physical activity levels reduces the association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Physical activity during physical education classes is protective for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among both sexes. • Physical activity outside school is protective for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among boys. • Elevated levels of transport physical activity is a risk factor for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance Physical activity (PA) practice can be a protective factor for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance (AISD), however the association between different contexts of PA and anxiety-induced sleep disturbance is not clear. We aimed to analyze the association between different contexts of PA and AISD. Data from the Brazilian School-based Health Survey [n=100,648; age: 14.3y (range:11–18 years)], conducted in 2015, were used. Higher PA during transport was associated with higher AISD. PA during physical education classes presented lower odds for AISD. PA practiced outside school was associated with reduced AISD among boys. The association between PA and AISD seems to be context-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression is commonly associated to physical multimorbidity and there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors. Physical activity (PA) is good for health, but the association between PA and multimorbidity with depressive symptoms is unclear. Thus, we investigated whether meeting weekly recommended PA guidelines influences the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms.Methods: Data were used from a national survey conducted in Brazil in 2013 with 60,202 adults (≥ 18 years). Information regarding depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), PA, and chronic disease was collected via interview-administered questionnaires. Data on covariates (age, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and TV-viewing) were also assessed. Adjusted logistic regression models were used.Results: Overall, men and women with one or more chronic conditions who were inactive (engaging in <150 min PA per week) had higher odds of elevated depressive symptoms than active individuals with no chronic condition. However, only in men, physical inactivity interacts with heart disease (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.10 to 6.09), cancer (OR: 21.54; 95%CI: 2.67 to 173.94) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 8.26; 95%CI: 2.20 to 31.01) regarding elevated depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Our data suggest that engaging in weekly recommended PA targets may attenuate association of heart disease, cancer and COPD with depressive symptoms among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are major concerns for public health. Although global initiatives have been successful in monitoring physical activity (PA) worldwide, there is no systematic action for the monitoring of correlates of these behaviors, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here we describe the prevalence and distribution of PA domains and sitting time in population sub-groups of six south American countries. Methods: Data from the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network (SAPASEN) were used, which includes representative data from Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3719), Ecuador (n = 19,851), Peru (n = 8820), and Suriname (n = 5170). Self-reported leisure time (≥150 min/week), (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), and occupational PA total (≥10 min/week), as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day) were captured in each national survey. Sex, age, income, and educational status were exposures. Descriptive statistics and harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted. Results: The prevalence of PA during leisure (Argentina: 29.2% to Peru: 8.6%), transport (Peru: 69.7% to Ecuador: 8.8%), and occupation (Chile: 60.4 to Brazil 18.3%), and ≥4 h/day of sitting time (Peru: 78.8% to Brazil: 14.8%) differed widely between countries. Moreover, total PA ranged between 60.4% (Brazil) and 82.9% (Chile) among men, and between 49.4% (Ecuador) and 74.9% (Chile) among women. Women (low leisure and occupational PA) and those with a higher educational level (low transportation and occupational PA as well as high sitting time) were less active. Concerning total PA, men, young and middle-aged adults of high educational status (college or more) were, respectively, 47% [OR = 0.53 (95% CI = 0.36–0.78), I2 = 76.6%], 25% [OR = 0.75 (95% CI = 0.61-0.93), I2 = 30.4%] and 32% [OR = 0.68 (95% CI = 0.47-1.00), I2 = 80.3%] less likely to be active. Conclusions: PA and sitting time present great ranges and tend to vary across sex and educational status in South American countries. Country-specific exploration of trends and population-specific interventions may be warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]