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Study Design: Longitudinal cross-sectional., Objectives: To examine motives to, and perceived gains from, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI)., Setting: Community., Methods: One hundred and five physically active individuals with SCI undertook an online survey and a semi-structured interview. The Exercise Motives and Gains Inventory was used to examine the movies towards, and the gains from LTPA, and the Leisure-time Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered via interview to gather LTPA data. A cross-sectional analysis, which included descriptive, inferential, and regression statistics, was conducted on all participants, physical activity (PA) guideline adherers and PA guideline non-adherers., Results: The most common motives for LTPA were improvements in health and fitness, management of appearance and weight, and avoidance of illness. The most common gains from LTPA included improved health, fitness, strength and endurance, increased nimbleness, and enjoyment and revitalisation., Conclusions: Whilst health enhancement appears to be a significant motivator for LTPA, other psychosocial aspects, such as affiliation and revitalisation, appear to influence engagement and volume of LTPA. Regular LTPA should be encouraged for its health benefits, and emphasis should be placed on promoting its ability to reduce illness, facilitate affiliation, and manage stress., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) are often sedentary, increasing their risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Leisure-time Physical Activity (LTPA) is physical activity completed during recreation time for enjoyment. We aimed to quantify LTPA in people ≥45 years with SCI and to explore its relationship with participants' characteristics., Methods: This is a secondary analysis on a subset of the Australian International SCI Survey in participants ≥45 years, at least 12 months post-injury. We described levels of LTPA and used multivariable regressions to estimate the associations between participant characteristics and LTPA., Results: Of 1,281 participants (mean age: 62.7 years, mean time since injury: 18.7 years; 74% males) 44% reported no participation in LTPA. The average LTPA participation was 197 (SD 352) minutes per week (median: 50). Females (β = -62.3, 95% CI [-112.9, -11.7]), and participants with non-traumatic injuries (β = -105.2, 95% CI [-165.9, -44.6]) performed less LTPA. Time since injury was not associated with moderate-to-heavy LTPA (LR: Probability > F = 0.785)., Conclusion: LTPA promotion in the SCI population ≥45 years focusing on females and non-traumatic injuries is warranted., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Stendell, Stubbs, Rogers, Verhagen, Middleton, Davis, Arora, Marshall, Geraghty, Nunn and Quel de Oliveira.)

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Barriers to Physical Activity and Disability Survey (B-PADS) into the Thai context and to assess its inter- and intra-rater reliability. Methods: Participants were experts in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI, n = 3), linguistic experts (n = 7), Thai-English bilingual speakers (n = 40), Thai physiotherapists (n = 8), and people with SCI living in Thailand (n = 43). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the B-PADS into the Thai context was conducted using a 6-step process; forward translation, reconciliation of the two translated versions, backward-translation, harmonisation, backward-translation of the revised version, and cognitive debriefing with potential users and target population. The reliability of the translated tool was assessed using Cohen's kappa (K) and McNemar's test. Results: The inter-rater reliability test demonstrated high-range agreement for the majority of statements (27 out of 38; Cohen's K > 0.60) in the Thai-B-PADS final version. The intra-rater reliability test revealed that the majority of the statements (29 out of 38) in the Thai-B-PADS final version obtained substantial (Cohen's K = 0.61–0.80, p < 0.05) to perfect agreement (Cohen's K = 1.0, p < 0.05). McNemar's test displayed no statistically significant differences amongst assessors (p > 0.05) for nearly all statements. Conclusion: The Thai-B-PADS final version was successfully translated and culturally adapted for people with SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Multi-stakeholders, including academic experts, researchers, translators, clinicians, target users and clients, should be involved in developing health-related questionnaires' translation and cultural adaptation processes. The Thai version of Barriers to Physical Activity and Disability Survey (B-PADS) possessed high levels of inter- and intra-rater reliability to assess barriers related to undertaking physical activities or exercise in people with spinal cord injury. Interactional biases and perceived social status effects may not be avoided when deploying a face-to-face interview of health-related questionnaires in a culture where social hierarchy is present within the language. The translation and adaptation processes used in this study were thorough, systematic and comprehensive, providing a culturally competent exemplar for translating health-related questionnaires between languages of different root origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Despite inconclusive evidence on the benefits of activity-based therapies (ABTs) in people with spinal cord injuries, implementation has occurred in clinics worldwide in response to consumers' requests. We explored the clinical changes and participants' perceptions from engaging in an ABT program in the community. (2) Methods: This mixed-methods study involved a pragmatic observational multiple-baseline design and an evaluation of participants' perceptions. Fifteen participants were included. Outcome measures were balance in sitting using the Seated Reach Distance test, mobility using the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index and quality of life using the Quality of Life Index SCI version pre- and post-participation in an ABT community-based program. Linear mixed models and logistic regressions were used to analyse the effects of intervention. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' perceptions using inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: There was an increase of 9% in the standardised reach distance (95% CI 2–16) for sitting balance, 1.33 points (95% CI: 0.81–1.85) in mobility and 1.9 points (0.17–2.1) in quality of life. Two themes emerged from the interviews: (1) reduced impact of disability and an increased sense of life as before, and (2) the program was superior to usual rehabilitation. No adverse events related to the intervention were observed. (4) Conclusion: ABT delivered in the community improved clinical outcomes in people with a chronic SCI. High levels of satisfaction with the program were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research sought to translate and culturally adapt the content of the original Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) into the Thai language and to assess its inter- and intra-rater reliability. This study was divided into two parts; (i) translation and cross-cultural adaptation, using a six-step guideline-based translation-validation process and (ii) reliability assessment of the translated survey tool using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots and one-way ANOVA analyses. The Thai-PARA-SCI was successfully developed. The results revealed an excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI range from 0.959–0.999) and the Bland-Altman plots showed little difference in times spent engaged physical activity. Intra-rater reliability results were affected inadvertently by testing across an unusual period, demonstrating poor to moderate scores (ICC ranged from 0.05–0.69, 95% CI ranged from −0.067–0.830) with the Bland-Altman plots showing very different ranges of time spent on physical activity. This study achieved its aims of culturally and systematically translating the English PARA-SCI interview script into the Thai version with excellent scores for inter-rater reliability and was proven to be understandable by prospective users (Thai-PT) and participants (Thai-SCI). A robust cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for people with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) into the Thai context has been undertaken, providing an effective exemplar for converting patient reported health outcome measures between languages of different root origins. When using the PARA-SCI as a pre- and post-intervention outcomes survey, clinicians should ensure that the timing of interview administration does not coincide with any unintended alterations in work-life balance, to ensure that the data are representative of the habitual physical activity levels performed by participants in their daily lives. Due to the possibility that physical activity levels could vary day-by-day or week-to-week, using the same day measurement findings may be a more reliable way to deploy the PARA-SCI than repeated assessments week(s) apart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]