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Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cellular health and is positively associated with overall physical activity (PA). However, varied associations between different intensities of PA and PhA by body segment in older populations remain unexplored. We investigated the associations between overall and different intensities of PA and upper-, lower-, and whole-body PhA in older adults. Overall exposure to light-intensity (LPA), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) was assessed using a triaxial accelerometer (GT3X + , ActiGraph). The outcome variables were upper-, lower-, and whole-body PhA measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (MC-780MA, TANITA). Multiple linear regression helped examine the associations between the exposure and outcome variables after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and accelerometer wear time. A cross-sectional analysis involved 166 community-dwelling older participants (mean age = 72.1 ± 5.5 years; 78.3% women). Overall PA was associated with larger upper- (B: 0.057, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.018–0.095) and whole-body PhA (B: 0.044, 95% CI 0.006–0.081). LPA was associated with larger upper-body PhA (B: 0.059, 95% CI 0.017–0.101), and MPA was associated with larger lower- (B: 0.273, 95% CI 0.128–0.419) and whole-body PhA (B: 0.141, 95% CI 0.002–0.280). VPA and PhA were not associated. Future interventions targeting PhA in older adults should consider the differential impact of PA intensity on various body segments of the PhA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise on sustained attention and discriminatory ability of children with and without learning disabilities (LD). Fifty-one children with LD and 49 typically developing children were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups. The participants in the exercise groups performed a 30-min session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, whereas the control groups watched a running/exercise-related video. Neuropsychological tasks, the Daueraufmerksamkeit sustained attention test, and the determination tests were assessed before and after each treatment. Exercise significantly benefited performance in sustained attention and discriminatory ability, particularly in higher accuracy rate and shorter reaction time. In addition, the LD exercise group demonstrated greater improvement than the typically developing exercise group. The findings suggest that the acute aerobic exercise influenced the sustained attention and the discriminatory function in children with LD by enhancing regulation of mental states and allocation of attentional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether accelerometer-measured light physical activity (LPA) is associated with cognitive function and whether engaging in ≥3 h/day of LPA can reduce the chance of cognitive impairment among a sample of older adults in Taiwan. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An outpatient department in a medical center. Participants: Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older who were able to walk independently from September 2020 to March 2021. Measurements: A tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure LPA for 7 consecutive days, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used to assess the chance of cognitive impairment. Multiple linear regression model and binary logistic regression model were performed to examine the association between LPA and MMSE scores. Results: 145 older Taiwanese adults (51.7% men; 81.2±6.8 years; 6.9% at chance of cognitive impairment) were included. After adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and wear time, we found that there was a significant association between LPA and cognitive function (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–1.65; P<0.001), and further found that those who engaged in LPA ≥3 h/ day were at reduced chance of cognitive impairment compared with people who engaged in LPA <3 h/day (odds ratio [OR]: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03–0.80; P=0.025). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that engaging in LPA ≥3 h/day could be viewed as a protective factor for maintaining cognitive function in older adults. We recommend further longitudinal research to elucidate the association between intensity-specific LPA and cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The association of light‐intensity physical activity (LPA) with mortality is poorly understood. This meta‐analysis of cohort studies aimed to examine the dose‐response relationships between daily device‐measured LPA and mortality in adults aged 18 or older and to explore whether the associations were independent of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: Searches for prospective cohort studies providing effect estimates of daily LPA (exposure) on all‐cause mortality (outcome) were systematically undertaken in electronic databases up to April 30, 2019. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression analyses with random‐effects models were performed to quantify the dose‐response relationships between daily LPA and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the stability of the results. Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Analyses contained 49 239 individuals (mean age 60.7, SD = 13.6) who were followed up for a mean 6.2 years (2.3‐14.2 years), during which 3669 (7.5%) died. In comparison with the reference group (<3 h/d), the pooled HRs (and 95% CIs) of mortality were 0.71 (0.62‐0.82), 0.68 (0.59‐0.79), 0.56 (0.44‐0.71) for groups 3 to <5 h/d, 5 to <7 h/d, and more than 7 hours a day LPA, respectively. Meta‐regression models indicated that there was a log‐cubic dose‐response relationship between daily LPA and mortality in adults and older people, independent of MVPA. Conclusions: Time spent in daily LPA was associated with reduced risks of mortality in adults and older people. These data support the inclusion of LPA in the future physical activity guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors convey their response to a feedback about their report on duplicate study effects. Topics mentioned include the exclusion of all the study effects from potentially duplicate studies, the decision on which study is the original, main, or best fit to answer, and the relationships of time spent in objectively measured light-intensity physical activity with all-cause mortality assessed.