1. Interplay among extracellular vesicles, cancer stemness and immune regulation in driving hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
- Author
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Tsui YM, Tian L, Lu J, Ma H, and Ng IO
- Subjects
- Humans, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Biomarkers, Tumor immunology, Cell Communication immunology, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Animals, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular immunology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Liver Neoplasms immunology, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Extracellular Vesicles immunology, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells immunology, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Disease Progression
- Abstract
The intricate interplay among extracellular vesicles, cancer stemness properties, and the immune system significantly impacts hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, treatment response, and patient prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-bound structures, play a pivotal role in conveying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells, thereby serving as essential mediators of intercellular communication. Since a lot of current research focuses on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with diameters ranging from 30 nm to 200 nm, this review emphasizes the role of sEVs in the context of interactions between HCC stemness-bearing cells and the immune cells. sEVs offer promising opportunities for the clinical application of innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in HCC. By specifically targeting sEVs, novel therapeutics aimed at cancer stemness can be developed. Ongoing investigations into the roles of sEVs in cancer stemness and immune regulation in HCC will broaden our understanding and ultimately pave the way for groundbreaking therapeutic interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2024
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