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Radikalizem in radikalna politična gibanja so logični in hkrati problematični odziv na družbene spremembe in probleme. Namen članka je prikazati težavno umeščenost radikalizma med povsem legitimne oblike reagiranja na družbeno stvarnost in potencialno ali celo dejansko grožnjo nacionalni varnosti v primeru nasilnega ekstremizma. Avtor preverja in potrjuje tezo, da je politični radikalizem oblika odzivanja na družbene probleme, ki v primeru uresničitve z največjo verjetnostjo pripelje do velikih družbenopolitičnih sprememb, vendar pa se sooča s tveganjem, da postane grožnja nacionalni varnosti v primeru izvajanja ekstremističnih nasilnih dejanj. Avtor ugotavlja, da je radikalizem rezultat kontinuuma med naraščajočo radikalnostjo ciljev in naraščajočo radikalnostjo implementacije ciljev. Radicalism and radical politics represent a logical and simultaneously problematic response to social changes and problems. The purpose of this article is to show the difficult positioning of radicalism between entirely legitimate forms of response to social problems and potential or actual national security threats as concerns the use of violent extremism. The author argues that political radicalism is a form of response to social problems which likely leads to big socio-political changes in the event of its success, while on the other hand it faces a serious risk of becoming a national security threat should violence be used. Radicalisation is viewed in this paper as a result on a continuum of the growing radicalisation of goals and the radicalisation of their implementation. Bibliografija: str. 1027-1029. Povzetek ; Abstract: Radicalism as a source of social changes and a threat to national security.

Namen prispevka: Islamistična radikalizacija v smeri izvajanja nasilja je postala pereč družbeni problem, ki lahko doseže višek v islamističnem ekstremizmu in terorizmu. Namen prispevka je identificirati ključne indikatorje islamistične radikalizacije. Metode: Po preučitvi literature o ranljivosti verskih skupin sta bili v empiričnem delu uporabljeni metodi študije primerov in intervjujev s predstavniki ključnih verskih skupnosti ter Urada za verske skupnosti v Sloveniji. Ugotovitve: Obstoječi primeri islamistične radikalizacije v Sloveniji kažejo nižjo intenzivnost v primerjavi s tujino, a njihova prisotnost že omogoča opredelitev nabora indikatorjev. Intervjuji s predstavniki verskih skupnosti potrjujejo zavedanje nevarnosti islamistične radikalizacije in s tem povezanih tveganj. V prispevku so opredeljeni različni indikatorji islamističnega radikalnega vedenja in delovanja, še posebej pa so bili opredeljeni indikatorji radikalizacije borcev povratnikov. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Tovrstna opredelitev in pojasnitev indikatorjev islamistične radikalizacije sta absolutno relevantni z vidika oblikovanja slovenskega sistema identificiranja in zgodnjega opozarjanja na radikalizacijo pri posameznikih in skupinah. Rezultati so lahko uporabni tudi v drugih državah. Raziskava je omejena zaradi majhnega nabora sogovornikov, na katerem temeljijo indikatorji. To je bilo mogoče v določeni meri preseči z uporabo širše konceptualne literature na to temo. Praktična uporabnost: Nabor indikatorjev bo praktikom z različnih področij omogočal, da svojo pozornost usmerijo na oblike vedenja, ki so tvegane in značilne za islamistično radikalizacijo v smeri nasilja. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek na izviren način kombinira teorijo ranljivosti verskih skupin z modeli islamistične radikalizacije in intervjuji v lokalnem okolju. Rezultati pomembno dopolnjujejo obstoječe vedenje o spektru problema radikalizacije na osnovi identificiranih indikatorjev. Purpose: Islamic radicalization has become an increasing social problem, which can culminate under certain circumstances into extremism and terrorism. The purpose of this article is to identify the key indicators of Islamic radicalization. Design/Methods/Approach: In the article, we used the following methods: case studies, interviews with representatives of key religious communities and with the head of the Office for Religious Communities in Slovenia. Findings: Current cases of Islamic radicalization in Slovenia are of lower intensity in comparison to some other countries but their presence is sufficient to allow us to identify a set of indicators. Interviews with the representatives of the religious community pointed out the awareness of the risks of Islamic radicalization and related uncertainties. The article defines various indicators of Islamic radical behaviour and activity, including the indicators of radicalization of the foreign fighter returnees. Research Limitations / Implications: Identification and explanation of indicators of Islamic radicalization are relevant for the formation of Slovenian early detection and warning system. Results can be useful for other countries. The main limit of this research is a small number of interviewees as a base for our set of indicators. This was somewhat surmounted with the use of a broader conceptual literature on this subject. Practical Implications: Overview of indicators will allow various practitioners to focus their efforts on risky behaviour from the perspective of Islamic radicalization toward violence. Originality/Value: The article uniquely combines the theory of vulnerability of religious groups, the models of Islamic radicalization and the interviews from the local community. Results importantly contribute to the current knowledge on indicators of radicalization.

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je identificirati ključne indikatorje radikalizacije med mladimi, izhajajoč iz vzrokov za radikalizacijo in dejavnikov tveganja ter empirične raziskave, kjer smo ugotavljali percepcijo radikalizacije in zmožnosti njenega prepoznavanja v vzgojno-izobraževalnem sistemu Republike Slovenije. V zadnjem delu prispevka predlagamo najprimernejše oblike medinstitucionalnega povezovanja in ukrepanja v slovenskem prostoru. Metode: V kvalitativno raziskavo smo vključili 22 strokovnjakov na področju šolstva in obvladovanja nasilja v slovenskem prostoru, s katerimi smo izvedli intervjuje in fokusne skupine. Ugotovitve: Raziskovalno tezo »Zaradi vsebinskega neprepoznavanja radikalizacije, delavci v šolskem sistemu potencialno ranljive mladostnike prepoznajo posredno, in sicer z identificiranjem ter spremljanjem bolj ‚tradicionalnih‘ oblik nasilja, kot so fizično, verbalno in v zadnjem času tudi spletno. Izhajajoč iz njihovega posrednega prepoznavanja ranljivosti pa je vendarle mogoče izpeljati določene indikatorje za radikalizacijo med mladostniki.« smo potrdili. Šolskim delavcem uspe prepoznati ranljive mladostnike in so opremljeni z znanjem in izkušnjami, kako ukrepati ob različnih vrstah nasilja, ne pa tudi ob radikalizaciji. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Identifikacija in analiza primerov radikalizacije v slovenskih šolah bi omogočila še bolj zanesljive rezultate. Praktična uporabnost: Izhajajoč iz izkušenj delavcev v šolstvu smo opredelili indikatorje za zgodnje prepoznavanje radikalizacije med mladostniki. S tem smo ustvarili temelje za oblikovanje ustreznih politik, razvijanje ukrepov ob zgodnjem prepoznavanju radikalizacije in usposabljanje delavcev v šolstvu. Dolgoročno se družbeni doprinos raziskave kaže v kakovosti življenja slovenskih mladostnikov in stopnji varnosti slovenske družbe. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: V Sloveniji do zdaj indikatorji radikalizacije med mladostniki še niso bili opredeljeni. Purpose: In the period of forming their identities and embarking on an independent and responsible life path, young people are subjected to various types of influence, both positive and negative. International research shows that youth is one of the groups that are the most vulnerable and most susceptible to radicalization. The aim of the article is to identify key indicators of radicalization of youth, drawing on causes for radicalization, risk factors and an empirical study designed to determine the perception of radicalization and the ability of the education system of the Republic of Slovenia to recognize radicalization. In the last section of the article, the authors propose the most suitable forms of interinstitutional cooperation and action in Slovenia. Design/Methods/Approach: The quantitative survey included interviews and focus groups with 22 experts in the field of education and violence control in Slovenia. Findings: The research thesis “Due to the failure to define and directly recognize radicalization, school workers potentially recognize vulnerable youth indirectly, by identifying and monitoring more “traditional” forms of violence, such as physical, verbal and lately also online violence. However, drawing on their indirect identification of vulnerability it is possible to determine certain indicators of radicalization among youth.” was confirmed. School workers are able to recognize vulnerable youth and are equipped with the appropriate knowledge and experience in terms of how to respond to different types of violence, but not radicalization. Research Limitations / Implications: Identifying and analysing cases of radicalization would provide even more reliable results. Practical Implications: Drawing on the experience of school workers, we have determined the indicators for early recognition of radicalization among youth. By doing so, we have drawn up the foundation for designing appropriate policies, developing measures that accompany early radicalization recognition and training school workers. In the long term, social contribution of the study is reflected in the quality of life of youth in Slovenia and the level of security in Slovenian society. Originality/Value: Up until now, indicators of radicalization among youth have not been determined.