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The current Western health policy of ageing in place relies on a triad collaboration among patients, healthcare service providers and family caregivers. Such collaborations presuppose involvement in a vague juridical landscape. This article explores family caregivers' experiences with involvement in and influence on nursing home decision-making processes for persons with dementia. The data consist of 12 in-depth interviews with family caregivers. Using positioning theory, we demonstrate how family caregivers strive to balance their assumed duty to care for the person with their needs to care for themselves. Their involvement (or non-involvement) in the complex decision-making process is demonstrated through the following seven positions: (1) self-condemning determiner, (2) dominant, (3) proponent, (4) saluting, (5) pending, (6) prisoner, and (7) stooge. Furthermore, we discuss why expedient positions are more available for some individuals and the consequences of family caregivers' various positions on the healthcare policy aims of collaboration and equal healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Norwegian government white papers have stated that the Sami population is reluctant to seek help from healthcare services and has traditions of self-help and the use of local networks. Objective: In this article we explore healthcare professionals' discursive constructions of Sami persons with dementia and their families' reluctance to seek and accept help from healthcare services. Design: The article is based on an analysis of focus group interviews with healthcare professionals (n = 18) in four municipalities in Northern Norway with multiethnic populations. A narrative context analysis, which involved an examination of sequences of discourse, was employed. Results: Reluctance to seek and accept help among Sami service users and assumptions about self-support were recurring themes in the focus groups. The reluctance was attributed to macro contexts, such as socio-historical processes and cultural norms, and to micro contexts, such as individual and interpersonal factors including the healthcare professionals' cultural backgrounds and language competence. The healthcare professionals' positioning as insiders or outsiders (Sami or non-Sami) affected their attributions. Conclusions: Local healthcare professionals are at the front line for providing and assessing service users' needs for healthcare services. Consequently, their perceptions of service users' needs are pivotal for achieving equity in healthcare. The established opinion that Sami "take care of their own" and are reluctant to seek and accept help may lead to omissions or neglect. Healthcare professionals' awareness about how present encounters in healthcare settings are framed and shaped by the service users' previous and prevailing experiences of marginalisation and subordination is crucial to avoid omissions or neglect resulting from assumptions about cultural preferences. Discursively shaped boundaries and differences between groups may create the impression that the distance between the groups is too wide to traverse, which in turn may lead to further marginalisation of service users in healthcare encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The large number of people affected by dementia diseases poses major challenges for public health, healthcare services and healthcare service providers. The Western health policy of ageing in place rests on a triad collaboration among patients, healthcare service providers and family caregivers. Such collaborations presuppose involvement in and influence on a vague juridical landscape. Several researchers have stated the need for knowledge about decision-making processes regarding admission to nursing homes for persons with dementia. The research question of this study is as follows: How do family caregivers experience involvement in and influence on the nursing home decision-making process for persons with dementia? Theory/Methods: The data consist of twelve in-depth interviews with family caregivers to persons with dementia. By the use of positioning theory, we demonstrate how family caregivers strive to balance their assumed duty to take care of the person with their needs to take care of themselves. Results: The family caregivers involvement (or non-involvement) in the complex decision-making process is demonstrated through seven positions: 1) the self-condemning determiner, 2) the dominant, 3) the proponent, 4) the saluting, 5) the pending, 6) the prisoner, and 7) the stooge. Discussions: We discuss why expedient positions are more available for some individuals and the consequences that family caregivers' various positions have on the healthcare policy aim of collaboration, and moreover, of equal healthcare services. Conclusions: Health care policies regarding ageing in place rest on a third party: the family caregivers. This study contributes family caregivers' experiences of involvement in and influence on the nursing home decision-making process for persons with dementia. Knowledge of how family caregivers present themselves and others within positions is useful in understanding how decisions regarding admission to nursing homes are made, and further, in evaluating individuals' access to healthcare. This knowledge is important for Health care providers in order for them to provide tailored support and thus facilitate the involvement of family caregivers in nursing home decisionmaking processes for persons with dementia. Lessons learned: To pinpoint the legislated user involvement for persons with dementia and reduce the family caregivers' decisional burden, politicians and healthcare services must understand, acknowledge and emphasize family caregivers' own needs. If the Health care providers are aware of potential positions in interactions with family caregivers of persons with dementia, they may enable more expedient positions for themselves and family caregivers. More expedient positions may result in fewer conflicts and reduced decisional burden when demanding decisions as admission to nursing homes must be made. Limitations:The study design is an exploratory, qualitative design based on an interactional perspective, where 'reality' is context bound and thus the results reflect one of several possible interpretations. Suggestions for future research: Our model of family caregivers' positions can be useful for further development of decisional aid to reduce conflicts and negative effects of care for family caregivers in home-based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]