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Histological examination of undecalcified specimens from different parts of skeletal remnants of king Ladislaus revealed a considerable degree of demineralization of a similar type as found in osteomalacia. This fact along with the finding of multiple osteolytic foci in different parts of the skeleton, and consistent with reports of the clinical picture of the disease made the authors present the hypothesis according to which the king may have suffered from so-called oncogenic osteomalacia. This bone disease may develop as a complication of some neoplastic disease incl. haemoblastoses and haemoblastomas. The authors think that with regard to the age of the king, historical reports and the multiplicity of osteolytic lesions that the most plausible hypothesis is that of oncogenic osteomalacia associated with some type of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma.