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Changes in the milk composition during early, middle and late stage of lactation period were monitored in 10 individual autochthonous donkeys of the Domestic Balkan breed. Animals were grazing ad libitum during early and middle lactation, while supplements (meadow hay, corn and corn stalks) were added during the late lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main compounds of donkeys’ milk during different periods of lactation. Based on the obtained results it was noticed that nutritional effects on milk composition were the greatest in the early and middle lactation. Chemical analysis indicated that donkeys’ milk was quite poor in dry matter (8.82-9.68%), fat (0.54-0.67%) and protein (1.44-1.79%), and conversely was high in lactose content (6.06-7.12%). Concentration of vitamin C varied significantly (P

Eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids and natural pigments are desirable in human food chain due to numerous benefits for health. In this study, we investigated the effects of inclusion of co-extruded linseed and sunflower meal into laying hens’ diet and replacement of synthesized pigment with paprika and marigold flower as sources of natural pigments. Four hundred 18–wk-old Bovan laying hens divided in two groups (control and experiment) were fed for 12 weeks. Fatty acids and β-carotene were monitored every fourth week and successively analyzed. Significantly (p

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Linseed and linseed based products are being increasingly used in animal nutrition due to their favourable fatty acid composition. However, fatty acids are extremely susceptible to oxidation, especially free fatty acid. Therefore, following paper is presenting how several independent extrusion parameters influenced free fatty acid content (FFA) in linseed-sunflower meal coextrudate. FFA content increases during extrusion due to mechanical treatment and mixing of the material, which enables better contact between enzyme lipase and substrates. FFA in this experiment ranged from 3.04% to 8.27% of oleic acid in fat phase. According to the results obtained, the most significant influence on FFA during extrusion showed starting moisture content of processed material (p<0.00001). Increase in starting moisture content of the material inactivated lipase which is responsible for liberation of fatty acids from triglycerides, thus decreasing FFA. The influence of the extruder screw speed was practically negligible compared to influence of moisture content, while increase in the total area of die openings decreased temperature in extruder barrel since the resistance to the passage of material through the die was weaker. Therefore, an enzyme inactivation was less pronounced, so the FFA values were higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential antiarrhythmic effect of dietary fish meat feeding was investigated in rats. Fish meat, harvested from carps fed experimental foods enriched with essential fatty acids, was mixed with a commercial rat food and fed to rats for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period in anesthetized rats myocardial ischemiareperfusion induced arrhythmias were induced by occlusion of the coronary artery for 6 min, followed by reperfusion. Supplying fish meat, rich in n-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly decreased the incidence of myocardial ischemia--reperfusion induced arrhythmias in the rat, and increased the survival rate. These results confirm previous investigations that feeding fish oil or fish meat may offer cardioprotective effect, and consumption of the farmed fish, like carp, may result in similar protective effects to the marine food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]