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Cyclostationary analysis has been strongly recognized as an effective demodulation tool in identifying fault features of rotating machinery based on vibration signature analysis. This study improves two current mature cyclostationary approaches, cyclic modulation spectrum (CMS) and fast spectral correlation (Fast-SC), combined with the novel frequency-domain application of Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO). They can enhance fault feature identification with the lower computational burden. Firstly, the raw vibration signal is transformed into the time–frequency domain through the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to realize the conversion of the multi-carrier signal to a multiple signal-carrier signal. Secondly, the TKEO is utilized to enhance the fault feature by taking full advantage of demodulating the mono-component. Finally, the spectral coherence and enhanced envelope spectrum (EES) are calculated to effectively exhibit fault features. The superiority of the proposed methods is successfully validated by the simulation study and diagnosing the broken rotor bar (BRB) and bearing outer race faults of induction motors (IMs) under various operating conditions. • The frequency domain TKEO is proposed for processing the single carrier signal. • The fault extraction capabilities of CMS and Fast-SC are enhanced using TKEO. • The optimized methods have high computational efficiency. • The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for IM fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction motors (IMs) are widely used in many manufacturing processes and industrial applications. The harsh work environment, long-time enduring, and overloads mean that it is subjected to broken rotor bar (BRB) faults. The vibration signal of IMs with BRB faults consists of the reliable modulation information used for fault diagnosis. Cyclostationary analysis has been found to be effective in identifying and extracting fault feature. The estimators of cyclic modulation spectrum (CMS) and fast spectral correlation (FSC) based on the short-time fourier transform (STFT) have higher cyclic frequency resolution, which has proven efficient in demodulating second order cyclostationary (CS2) signals. However, these two estimators have limitations of processing the maximum cyclic frequency αmax that is smaller than Fs/2 (Fs is the sampling frequency) according to Nyquist's Theorem. In addition, they have lower carrier frequency resolution due to the fixed window size used in STFT. In order to resolve the initial shortcomings of the CMS and FSC methods, in this paper, we extended the analysis of CMS algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which enlarged the maximum cyclic frequency range to Fs/2 and provides higher carrier frequency resolution because the CWT has the advantage of multi-resolution analysis. The reliability and applicability of the proposed method for fault components localization were validated by CS2 simulation signals. Compared to CMS and FSC methods, the proposed approach shows better performance by analyzing vibration signals between healthy motor and faulty motor with one BRB fault under 0%, 20%, 40%, and 80% load conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broken rotor bar (BRB) faults are one of the most common faults in induction motors (IM). One or more broken bars can reduce the performance and efficiency of the IM and hence waste the electrical power and decrease the reliability of the whole mechanical system. This paper proposes an effective fault diagnosis method using the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) for BRB faults detection based on the motor current signal analysis (MCSA). The TKEO is investigated and applied to remove the main supply component of the motor current for accurate fault feature extraction, especially for an IM operating at low load with low slip. Through sensing the estimation of the instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF) of the motor current signal using TKEO, the fault characteristic frequencies can be enhanced and extracted for the accurate detection of BRB fault severities under different operating conditions. The proposed method has been validated by simulation and experimental studies that tested the IMs with different BRB fault severities to consider the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results are compared with those obtained using the conventional envelope analysis methods and showed that the proposed method provides more accurate fault diagnosis results and can distinguish the BRB fault types and severities effectively, especially for operating conditions with low loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the performance of the conventional bispectrum (CB) method and its new variant, the modulation signal bispectrum (MSB) method, in analysing the electrical current signals of induction machines for the condition monitoring of rotor systems driven by electrical motors. Current signal models which include the phases of the various electrical and magnetic quantities are explained first to show the theoretical relationships of spectral sidebands and their associated phases due to rotor faults. It then discusses the inefficiency of CB and the proficiency of MSB in characterising the sidebands based on simulated signals. Finally, these two methods are applied to analyse current signals measured from different rotor faults, including broken rotor bar (BRB), downstream gearbox wear progressions and various compressor faults, and the diagnostic results show that the MSB outperforms the CB method significantly in that it provides more accurate and sparse diagnostics, thanks to its unique capability of nonlinear modulation detection and random noise suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ORS is developed to be installed on the rotating shaft for vibration measurements. • The developed ORS largely improves the SNR of vibration collections than OHS. • The FFT-based fault diagnosis theory for the rolling bearing is presented. • ORS can achieve easier and more robust Hilbert envelope analysis for diagnosis. • Results validate the performance of ORS for early rolling bearing fault diagnosis. The traditional on-house sensing (OHS) accelerometer for vibration measurements causes poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and complicated fault modulations, which increases the difficulty and complexity for early bearing fault diagnosis. To overcome these challenges, this paper develops a wireless triaxial on-rotor sensing (ORS) system to largely improve the SNR and deduces fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hilbert envelope analysis for accurate early rolling bearing fault diagnosis, which largely improves accuracy and efficiency for early fault diagnosis. First, the development of the ORS system for wireless vibration measurements is given. Second, the theoretical diagnostic relationships between dynamic ORS signals and rolling bearing faults are derived for FFT and Hilbert envelope analysis for the first time. Finally, the induction motor tests with outer and inner race faults successfully validate that both simple FFT and Hilbert envelope analysis can achieve more robust early rolling bearing fault diagnosis compared to OHS measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed method extends the cyclic frequency range to Fs /2. • The designed scale factor in CWT can help locate important frequency bands. • TKEO is improved to process the single-carrier signal in the frequency domain. • The developed method can enhance the fault features effectively. • Induction motor tests validate the superiority of the method for early fault detection. The cyclostationary analysis techniques have been extensively explored for the purpose of fault detection in rotating machinery. However, there are still huge challenges because of both limited detection frequency range and low fault identification accuracy. This paper proposes an improved cyclostationary method to enhance incipient fault features. Firstly, the continuous wavelet transform is used to accurately locate important frequency bands, and the fault modulation mechanism or fast kurtogram can be adopted to design the optimal wavelet transform scale factor. Secondly, the Teager-Kaiser energy operator is improved to be used in the frequency domain for the weak fault feature enhancement. Finally, fault features are presented in the cyclic frequency domain through spectral coherence and enhanced envelope spectrum. The proposed method is verified through both numerical simulation and experiments, including incipient half-broken rotor bar, and rolling bearing outer race faults in induction motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]