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Gait recognition is an active research area that uses a walking theme to identify the subject correctly. Human Gait Recognition (HGR) is performed without any cooperation from the individual. However, in practice, it remains a challenging task under diverse walking sequences due to the covariant factors such as normal walking and walking with wearing a coat. Researchers, over the years, have worked on successfully identifying subjects using different techniques, but there is still room for improvement in accuracy due to these covariant factors. This paper proposes an automated model-free framework for human gait recognition in this article. There are a few critical steps in the proposed method. Firstly, optical flow-based motion region estimation and dynamic coordinates-based cropping are performed. The second step involves training a fine-tuned pre-trained MobileNetV2 model on both original and optical flow cropped frames; the training has been conducted using static hyperparameters. The third step proposed a fusion technique known as normal distribution serially fusion. In the fourth step, a better optimization algorithm is applied to select the best features, which are then classified using a Bi-Layered neural network. Three publicly available datasets, CASIA A, CASIA B, and CASIA C, were used in the experimental process and obtained average accuracies of 99.6%, 91.6%, and 95.02%, respectively. The proposed framework has achieved improved accuracy compared to the other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital face manipulation has become a concern in the last few years due to its harmful impacts on society. It is especially concerning for high-profile celebrities because their identities can be easily manipulated using mobile or web applications such as FaceSwap and FaceApp. These manipulated faces are so close to real ones that it becomes really hard to detect them, even with bare eyes. Though deep learning-based models are predominantly used by researchers, they hardly check for the presence of irrelevant or redundant features produced by those models. To this end, we have proposed a hierarchical feature selection (HFS)-based method to detect deepfake images or videos. First, we have extracted both handcrafted and deep learning features from the inputs. Next, the HFS is applied to select a near optimal set of features. In each stage of it, a hybrid feature selection method is employed that integrates a population-based meta-heuristic model, called Grey Wolf Optimization, and a single solution-based meta-heuristic model, called the Vortex Search algorithm. We have evaluated our model on three publicly available datasets, namely Celeb-DF (V2), FaceForensics++, and Deepfake Detection Challenge (DFDC). The model provides 99.35%, 99.16%, and 85.67% AUC scores on the Celeb-DF (V2), FaceForensics++, and DFDC datasets, respectively, while using only 11.50%, 12.65%, and 10.22% of actual features. Besides, our model outperforms most of the state-of-the-art methods found in our literature review and evaluated on these three datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Deep learning (DL) is the growing trend towards creating visual representations of human body organs for clinical analysis, medical interventions as well as to diagnose and treat diseases. This paper propose a method for neonatal and pediatric brain tumors image analysis and prerequisites a T2-weighted MR images only. The pipeline stages of the proposed work as follows: In the first stage, designed a set of specific feature vectors description for high-level classification task using Conventional and deep learning (DL) Feature Extraction methods. The second stage, select a deep features based on proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) method and conventional subset features are from Genetic Algorithm (GA). The third stage, merge the selected features by adapting fusion technique. Finally, predict the brain image is either normal or abnormal. The results demonstrated that the proposed method obtained accurate classification and revealed its robustness to difference in ages and acquisition protocols. The obtained results shows that based on combined deep learning features (DLF) and conventional features have been significantly improves the classification accuracy of the support vector machines (SVM) classifier up to 97.00%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manual identification of brain tumors is an error-prone and tedious process for radiologists; therefore, it is crucial to adopt an automated system. The binary classification process, such as malignant or benign is relatively trivial; whereas, the multimodal brain tumors classification (T1, T2, T1CE, and Flair) is a challenging task for radiologists. Here, we present an automated multimodal classification method using deep learning for brain tumor type classification. The proposed method consists of five core steps. In the first step, the linear contrast stretching is employed using edge-based histogram equalization and discrete cosine transform (DCT). In the second step, deep learning feature extraction is performed. By utilizing transfer learning, two pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models, namely VGG16 and VGG19, were used for feature extraction. In the third step, a correntropy-based joint learning approach was implemented along with the extreme learning machine (ELM) for the selection of best features. In the fourth step, the partial least square (PLS)-based robust covariant features were fused in one matrix. The combined matrix was fed to ELM for final classification. The proposed method was validated on the BraTS datasets and an accuracy of 97.8%, 96.9%, 92.5% for BraTs2015, BraTs2017, and BraTs2018, respectively, was achieved.

Manual identification of brain tumors is an error-prone and tedious process for radiologists; therefore, it is crucial to adopt an automated system. The binary classification process, such as malignant or benign is relatively trivial; whereas, the multimodal brain tumors classification (T1, T2, T1CE, and Flair) is a challenging task for radiologists. Here, we present an automated multimodal classification method using deep learning for brain tumor type classification. The proposed method consists of five core steps. In the first step, the linear contrast stretching is employed using edge-based histogram equalization and discrete cosine transform (DCT). In the second step, deep learning feature extraction is performed. By utilizing transfer learning, two pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models, namely VGG16 and VGG19, were used for feature extraction. In the third step, a correntropy-based joint learning approach was implemented along with the extreme learning machine (ELM) for the selection of best features. In the fourth step, the partial least square (PLS)-based robust covariant features were fused in one matrix. The combined matrix was fed to ELM for final classification. The proposed method was validated on the BraTS datasets and an accuracy of 97.8%, 96.9%, 92.5% for BraTs2015, BraTs2017, and BraTs2018, respectively, was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]