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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 (LA) in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium infection in weaned piglets. The investigation focused on the influence of LA on the gut microbiota composition, growth performance, and Salmonella fecal shedding. The results indicated that LA supplementation significantly improved average daily gain and reduced the prevalence and severity of diarrhea. Fecal analysis revealed reduced Salmonella shedding in the LA-supplemented group. Furthermore, LA notably altered the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing the levels of beneficial Bacillus and decreasing those of harmful Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes. Histopathological examination showed less intestinal damage in LA-treated piglets than in the controls. The study also observed that LA affected metabolic functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, thereby enhancing gut health and resilience against infection. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the feces were higher in the LA group, suggesting improved gut microbial activity. LA supplementation enriched the population of beneficial bacteria, including Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia and Campylobacter. These findings indicate the potential of LA as a probiotic alternative for swine nutrition, offering protective effects to the gut microbiota against Salmonella infection., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490 T was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Peptoniphilus and that the most closely related species is Peptoniphilus gorbachii WAL 10418 T (=KCTC 5947 T , 97.22 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Whole genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00490 T was 31.2 mol% and moreover that the genome size and numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2 129 517 bp, 34 and 10, respectively. Strain AGMB00490 T was negative for oxidase and urease; positive for catalase, indole production, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase; and weakly positive for phenylalanine arylamidase and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of the isolate were determined to be C 16 : 0 and C 18 : 1  ω9 c . Strain AGMB00490 T produced acetic acid as a major end product of metabolism. Accordingly, phylogenetic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strain AGMB00490 T represents a novel species for which the name Peptoniphilus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00490 T (=KCTC 15944 T =NBRC 114159 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated KGMB04484 T , was isolated from healthy human faeces sampled in the Republic of Korea. Cells of strain KGMB04484 T were strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile coccobacilli and formed tiny colonies on Columbia agar with 5 % horse blood. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KGMB04484 T was affiliated with the genus Senegalimassilia in the family Coriobacteriaceae and its closest relative was Senegalimassilia anaerobia JC110 T (96.28 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain KGMB04484 T was 61.2 mol%. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified glycolipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of strain KGMB04484 T were C 14 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and C 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal. Based on its phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB04484 T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Senegalimassilia , for which the name Senegalimassilia faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB04484 T (=KCTC 15721 T =CCUG 72347 T ).

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid- or oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain KGMB01111 T , was isolated from faeces from a healthy Korean. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that KGMB01111 T was closely related to Ruminococcus gauveauii CCRI-16110 T (93.9 %) and Blautia stercoris GAM6-1 T (93.7 %), followed by Clostridium nexile DSM 1787 T (93.5 %), Blautia producta ATCC 27340 T (93.4 %), Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 T (93.1 %) and Blautia coccoides ATCC 29236 T (93.1 %) within the family Lachnospiraceae ( Clostridium rRNA cluster XIVa). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that KGMB01111 T formed a separate branch with species in the genus Blautia . The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were C 16 : 0 and C 18 : 1 cis 9 dimethyl acetal (DMA), and the major polar lipids were aminophospholipids and lipids. KGMB01111 T contained meso- diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant end product of fermentation produced by KGMB01111 T was acetic acid. Based on the whole-genome sequence, the DNA G+C content of the isolate was 44.7 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, KGMB01111 T represents a novel species within the genus Blautia for which the name Blautia faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB01111 T (=KCTC 15706 T =DSM 107827 T ).

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain, designated KGMB03119 T , was isolated from human faeces from a Korean. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was a member of the genus Sutterella and most closely related to Sutterlla wadsworthensis KCTC 15691 T (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G + C content of strain KGMB03119 T was 58.3 mol% as determined from its whole genome sequence. Strain KGMB03119 T was asaccharolytic, catalase-positive, oxidase- and urease-negative. Furthermore, the isolate was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, arginine arylamidase, alanine arylamidase, and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C 18:1 ω9c and C 16:0 . Methylmenaquinone-5 (MMK-5, 100%) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone in the isolate. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB03119 T represents a novel species, for which the name Sutterella faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03119 T (= KCTC 15823 T = NBRC 114254 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative and strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, designated KGMB02408 T , was isolated from faeces of a healthy human in the Republic of Korea. The isolate was characterized as non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped (variable in length). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KGMB02408 T belonged to the genus Bacteroides and was most closely related to Bacteroides faecichinchillae JCM 17102 T (=KCTC 15666 T ; 96.5 %). Based on its whole-genome sequence, the DNA G+C content of the isolate was 39.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain KGMB02408 T and related species, B. faecichinchillae JCM 17102 T , was 93.8 %. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of the isolate were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 -OH, summed feature 11 (iso-C 17 : 0 -OH and/or C 18 : 2 DMA) and C 16 : 0 . Menaquinone-8 (28.6 %) and menaquinone-10 (47.1 %) were detected as the major respiratory quinones in the isolate. The major end products of glucose fermentation produced by strain KGMB02408 T were lactic acid, acetic acid and formic acid. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB02408 T represents a novel species of the genus Bacteroides in the family Bacteroidaceae . The type strain is KGMB02408 T (=KCTC 15687 T =DSM 107828 T ).

A strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain KGMB-03357 T , was isolated from the faeces of a healthy Korean selected by Bundang Seoul National University based on health status. Cells of strain KGMB03357 T are Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and observed as straight or curved rods. The isolate grew at 10-45°C (optimum temperature of 40°C) and a pH range of 5.1-10.5 (optimum pH of 6.8). Analysis of phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KGMB03357 T forms a lineage within the genus Anaerotignum, and is most closely related to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans G17 T (= KCTC 15066 T , 96.1%), Anaerotignum propionicum DSM 1682T (= KCTC 5582 T , 94.9%), Anaerotignum neopropionicum DSM 03847 T (= KCTC 15564T, 94.9%), and Anaerotignum aminivorans SH021 T (= KCTC 15705T, 94.8%). The ANI values between strain KGMB 03357T and members of the genus Anaerotignum were 73.3-71.0%, which are below the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. The DNA G + C content based on the whole-genome sequence is 47.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain KGMB03357 T are C 16:0 , C 18:0 , C 18∶1 cis 9, and anteiso-C 15∶0 . Strain KGMB03357T contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic properties, strain KGMB 03357 T represents a novel species of the genus Anaerotignum, for which the name Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03357 T (= KCTC 15736T = DSM 107953 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated KGMB04489 T , was isolated from the faeces of a healthy Korean. Cells of the strain were strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short-rod-shaped. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KGMB04489 T belonged to the genus Olsenella and was most closely related to Olsenella scatoligenes SK9K4 T (94.3 %), Olsenella uli ATCC 49627 T (93.5 %), Olsenella umbonata lac31 T (93.4 %) and Olsenella profusa D315A-29 T (93.3 %). The major end product was lactic acid. The DNA G+C content was 65.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain KGMB04489 T were C18 : 1cis9, C18 : 1cis9 DMA and C16 : 0. Strain KGMB04489 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. The polar lipids consisted of an unidentified phospholipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified lipid. Based on phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB04489 T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Olsenella, for which the name Olsenellafaecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB04489 T (=KCTC 15699 T =CCUG 72345 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, nonspore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KGMB01110T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy male in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene showed that strain KGMB01110 T belonged to Clostridium cluster XIVa and was most closely related to Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus KCTC 5760T (95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G + C content of strain KGMB01110 T based on its whole genome sequence was 44.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C 14:0 and C 16:0 . The strain KGMB01110T was positive for arginine dihydrolase, β-galactosidase-6-phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. The strain KGMB01110 T also produced acid from D-glucose and D-rhamnose, and hydrolyzed gelatin and aesculin. Furthermore, HPLC analysis and UV-tests of culture supernatant revealed that the strain KGMB01110 T produced butyrate as the major end product of glucose fermentation. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain KGMB01110 T represent a novel species of the genus Mediterraneibacter in the family Lachnospiraceae. The type strain is KGMB01110 T (= KCTC 15684 T = CCUG 72830 T ).

Two obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and short rod shaped bacteria, designated KGMB07931T and KGMB10229, were isolated from faeces of two Korean persons. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KGMB07931T and KGMB10229 were very similar to each other (99.9%) and grouped within the genus Bacteroides, displaying the highest similarity with Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492T (97.5%), Bacteroides rodentium JCM 16496T (96.6%), and Bacteroides fluxus YIT 12057T (94.5%). Both strains grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.5 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The complete genome of KGMB07931T comprises 3,335 protein-coding genes with a total of 4,240,638 bp and an average G + C content of 46.3 mol%. The major fatty acids were C18:1 cis9, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, and Summed Feature 11 (iso-C17:0 3OH and/or C18:2 DMA); the predominant respiratory quinones were MK-9 and MK-10; the major fermentation end products were acetate and isobutyrate. The genome of strain KGMB07931T encoded the starch utilization system (Sus) operon, susABCDEFG, suggesting that this strain uses many complex polysaccharides that cannot be digested by humans. Based on polyphasic taxonomic data, strains KGMB07931T and KGMB10229 represent a novel species within the genus Bacteroides, for which the name Bacteroides humanifaecis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB07931T (= KCTC 25160T = NBRC 115005T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be closely associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the involvement of GM is CRC has mainly been demonstrated by metagenomic profiling studies showing the compositional difference between the GM of healthy individuals and that of CRC patients and not by directly studying isolated gut microbes. Thus, to discover novel gut microbes involved in CRC, we isolated the GM from the feces of healthy individuals and evaluated its anti-CRC activity in vitro and in vivo. After GM isolation, cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were prepared from the isolated gut microorganisms to efficiently screen a large amount of the GM for anti-proliferative ability in vitro. Our results showed that the CFSs of 21 GM isolates had anti-proliferative activity against human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Of these 21 GM isolates, GM07 was chosen for additional study because it had the highest anti-cancer activity against mouse colon cancer CT 26 cells in vitro and was further evaluated in a CT 26 allograft mouse model in vivo. GM07 was identified as Odoribacter splanchnicus through phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Further investigation determined that the CFS of O. splanchnicus (OsCFS) induced anti-proliferative activity via apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest. Moreover, GC/MS analysis suggested that the putative active molecule in OsCFS is malic acid. Finally, in the CRC mouse model, peri-tumoral injection of OsCFS significantly decreased CRC formation, compared to the control group. Altogether, these findings will provide valuable information for the discovery of potential probiotic candidates that inhibit CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel actinobacterial strain, Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped, designated KGMB02528T, was isolated from healthy human feces. Cells of strain KGMB02528T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 37 °C and in the presence of 0% (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KGMB04489T belonged to the genus Collinsella and was most closely related to Collinsella aerofaciens DSM 17552T (95.8%). The DNA G + C content was 58.0 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0 DMA, C16:0 ALDE, C14:0 DMA, and C12:0. The predominant end product of fermentation was acetic acid. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain KGMB02528T contained alanine, glutamic acid, and lysine, while diaminopimelic acid was not detected. The polar lipids were composed of two unidentified phospholipids and unidentified nine glycolipids. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic properties, strain KGMB02528T represents a novel species of the genus Collinsella, for which the name Collinsella acetigenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Collinsella acetigenes KGMB02528T (= KCTC 15847T = CCUG 73987T). The description of the genus Collinsella is emended to accommodate the new species. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Collinsella acetigenes KGMB02528T is MT117838. The whole-genome shotgun BioProject number is PRJNA623694 with the accession number JABBCP000000000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An obligate anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, catalase and oxidase-negative, coccoid-shaped bacterium designated AGMB00486T was isolated from swine faeces. The optimal growth of the isolate occurred at pH 8.0 and 37 ℃. Furthermore, the growth was observed in the presence of up to 4% (w/v) NaCl but not at salinity levels higher than 5%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AGMB00486T was a member of the genus Anaerococcus and that the isolate was most closely related to Anaerococcus vaginalis KCTC 15028T (96.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) followed by Anaerococcus hydrogenalis KCTC 15014T (96.7%) and Anaerococcus senegalensis KCTC 15435T (96.3%). Whole-genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00486T was 30.1 mol%, and the genome size, numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2,268,866 bp, 47 and 8, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain AGMB00486T and the three related type strains were 77.0, 77.4 and 77.2%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of strain AGMB00486T were C14:0, C16:0 and C16:0 DMA. Accordingly, these distinct phenotypic and phylogenetic properties revealed that strain AGMB00486T represents a novel species, for which the name Anaerococcus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00486T (= KCTC 15945T = CCTCC AB 202009T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]