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Informal caregiving is a critical component of the US long-term care system, but can have significant negative impacts on caregiver employment, finances, and well-being. An online survey of Colorado caregivers was piloted in 2016-17 to explore whether workplace and social policies such as access to paid family leave and public health insurance can buffer the negative financial impacts of caregiving and help caregivers to remain in the workforce. Using standardized measures, the survey assessed caregivers' employment and financial status, well-being (physical and mental health, caregiver strain, benefits of caregiving), access to workplace supports, and covariates (e.g., caregiver demographics, health, social support, and service utilization). Ninety-five caregivers, recruited through community agency partners, completed the survey. Respondents were predominately female (89%), middle-aged (M = 57), non-Hispanic White (64%) or Latino/a (22%), and caring for a parent (40%) or spouse (30%) for over one year. Half (51%) reported working full- or part-time jobs, while 16.4% had stopped working because of caregiving. In multivariate regression modeling, predictors of financial strain included the care recipients' financial strain and the caregiver's reduction or ceasing of work. Medicare may be protective to minimize caregivers' need to reduce or cease work. Implications for caregivers' ability to stay engaged in the workforce and prepare for their own retirement are explored.

The study's aim was to determine migraine prevalence, severity, and educational impact in medical students.A 23-item survey of all medical students of one US medical school addressed migraine frequency, triggers, pattern and severity of symptoms, medication use, impact on educational activities and career choices.The response rate was 48% (359 students). Eighty-nine (24.8%) self-reported migraine, and all were confirmed by reported symptoms. Of these students, 54% had a physician-confirmed diagnosis. Migraine prevalence was 35% in women and 14.1% in men. About half of migraineurs reported one or more attacks monthly. Stress and sleep disturbances were the most common triggers. Pain severity was rated 7 or higher on a 10-point scale by 73%. NSAIDs were the most common medications used. Only 13% used prophylaxis. More than 80% reported reduced productivity during migraine, but 76% felt obliged to attend educational activities despite symptoms. A total of 81% of students did not endorse informing faculty about migraine status, and 95% would not disclose it in residency application. Migraine was not a factor in choice of medical specialty or specific residency program.Migraine is common in medical students, especially women. Only half have consulted a physician for migraine, and students may be using suboptimal treatments. Although more than half experience severe symptoms that impair performance, the majority attend educational sessions during migraine attacks, and they believe this is expected. Students are unwilling to disclose migraine status to faculty or during application to residency. Migraine does not influence career choices.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) as measures of change in children who received early intervention services. METHODS Thirty-four children were stratified into 2 groups according to the presence of gross motor delay. The PEDI and MSEL were administered 3 times: at an average age of 18, 31, and 53 months of age. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS The findings suggest that PEDI Functional Skills Scaled Scores were capable of measuring change in both groups of children. The standard scores on the PEDI Functional Skills Social Scale were found to be more sensitive to change than the MSEL Receptive and Expressive Language scores for children with motor delays. CONCLUSION Using PEDI scaled scores may be an effective strategy for measuring change in children receiving early intervention services.

Centrosome amplification plays a key role in the origin of chromosomal instability during cancer development and progression. In this study, breast cancer cell lines with different p53 backgrounds were used to investigate the relationship between genotoxic stress, G(1)/S cell cycle checkpoint integrity, and the development of centrosome amplification. Introduction of DNA damage in the MCF-7 cell line by treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or daunorubicin (DR) resulted in the arrest of both G(1)/S cell cycle progression and centriole duplication. In these cells, which carry functional p53, HU treatment also led to nuclear accumulation of p53 and p21(WAF1), retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation, and downregulation of cyclin A. MCF-7 cells carrying a recombinant dominant-negative p53 mutant (vMCF-7(DNp53)) exhibited a shortened G(1) phase of the cell cycle and retained a normal centrosome phenotype. However, these cells developed amplified centrosomes following HU treatment. The MDA-MB 231 cell line, which carries mutant p53 at both alleles, showed amplified centrosomes at the outset, and developed a hyperamplified centrosome phenotype following HU treatment. In cells carrying defective p53, the development of centrosome amplification also occurred following treatment with another DNA damaging agent, DR. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that loss of p53 function alone is not sufficient to drive centrosome amplification, but plays a critical role in this process following DNA damage through abrogation of the G(1)/S cell cycle checkpoint. Furthermore, these studies have important clinical implications because they suggest that breast cancers with compromised p53 function may develop centrosome amplification and consequent chromosomal instability following treatment with genotoxic anticancer drugs.