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This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer-free survival in patients with diabetes.Based on a prospective cohort study, ADFC (Ahvaz Diabetic Foot Cohort) study, carried out in a university hospital, all of the patients with diabetes were followed up for new diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The time of ulcer development was final outcome during two years in the present study. To analyze the data, the variables were first evaluated by univariate analysis. Subsequently variables with P value0.2 were tested in multivariate analysis, using backward elimination multiple Cox regression.From among 605 eligible patients of ADFC study, 566 patients without foot ulcer were included for a 2- years follow-up. Thirty subjects (5.3%) developed DFU during the study course none of whom underwent amputation. The DFU-free survival rate was 0.945 over two years of follow-up. In final multivariate Cox regression analysis, the variables which remained in the model and had a statistically significant relationship with time to develop foot ulcer were: dyslipidemia, history of DFU or amputation, nephropathy callus formation in the feet and diabetes duration. Foot deformity and patients' training about self-care of their feet were statistically borderline significant.The DFU-free survival rate was 0.945 over two years of follow-up. In this study, independent risk factors associated with ulcer-free survival in diabetic foot patients were dyslipidemia, prior history of DFU or amputation, diabetic nephropathy, callus formation in the feet and diabetes duration.

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer and its related risk factors. Materials and methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 605 patients with diabetes were evaluated in July 2014. A checklist was used to obtain demographic data, diabetes related data, past medical history, and physical examination data. Results The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 6.4% (95% CI: 4.64–8.73). Seventeen cases of them were female (4.9%). In univariate analysis, the following variables had statistically significant relationship with DFU prevalence: diabetes duration, educational level, 10 g monofilament sensation, Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Patients' age, glycemic control and smoking did not show any significant relationship with DFU. After logistic regression analysis, the patients with decreased 10 g monofilament sensation had DFU more than patients with normal sensation (OR = 8.84, 95% CI: 3.5–22.3). Abnormal ABI increased the odds of DFU (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.3–24.18). The DFU prevalence in patients with diabetes duration of 11–20 years, was more than patients with ≤5 years (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.33–10.8).The odds of DFU development in educated patients compared with illiterate patients was 0.27(95% CI: 0.12–0.57). BMI had a significant relationship with DFU prevalence. The odds in overweight patients was 0.259(95% CI: 0.108–0.623) and in obese patients was 0.263 (95% CI: 0.1–0.687). Conclusion The prevalence of DFU was 6.4% in this study. Final associated risk factors of DFU were decreased 10 g monofilament sensation, abnormal ABI, diabetes duration, educational level and BMI.

We aimed to determine the pattern of drug use and the affective demographic factors in addicts in self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province.It was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study which has done on 4400 addicts in self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province from March 2014 to March 2015. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 software. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables and the frequency and percentage frequency were calculated for nominal and classified variables, and also t-test, χ2 and ANOVA were used to examine the relationships between variables. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05.Finding has shown that 97.5% were male. The average age of subjects was 38.21 ±10.52. Most consumable drug in these people was opium (50.6%) and the main way of drug use was smoking (69.4%). In terms of motivation of using drug, in men were enjoyment and in women family problems had the highest relative percentage. The majority of subjects (67.2%) had a history of drug abandonment. The reason of referring to rehabilitation centers for treatment, types of using drug and the number of drug using, was significant difference between males and females (p0.05).The results have shown that it is necessary to consider some issues including of provincial drug policy and increasing awareness at different levels of society and making appropriate cultural and sports spaces in order to achieve the primary preventive goals.Określenie długoterminowych wzorców używania narkotyków i wpływających na nie czynników demograficznych u osób uzależnionych, dobrowolnie leczonych w ośrodkach leczenia uzależnień w prowincji Chuzestan.Zastosowano metodę badań przekrojowych, opisowych i analitycznych, którymi objęto 4400 osób uzależnionych, dobrowolnie przebywających w ośrodkach leczenia uzależnień w prowincji Chuzestan w okresie od marca 2014 r. do marca 2015 r. Zebrane dane poddano analizie za pomocą programu komputerowego SPSS w wersji 22. Odchylenia średnie i standardowe wyliczono dla zmiennych ciągłych, natomiast częstotliwość i częstotliwość procentową obliczano dla zmiennych nominalnych i klasyfikacyjnych. Do ustalenia relacji pomiędzy zmiennymi zastosowano testy t, χ2 oraz ANOVA. Poziom istotności określono na poziomie poniżej 0,05.Ustalono, że 97,5% osób badanych stanowili mężczyźni. Średni wiek badanych wynosił 38,21 ±10,52 roku. Najczęściej zażywanym narkotykiem było opium (50,6%), a głównym sposobem jego przyjmowania – palenie (69,4%). Najczęstszą motywacją do sięgnięcia po narkotyki była przyjemność (wśród mężczyzn) oraz problemy rodzinne (wśród kobiet). Większość badanych (67,2%) już wcześniej odstawiała narkotyki. Pomiędzy grupą mężczyzn a grupą kobiet stwierdzono statystycznie istotne (p0,05) różnice w zakresie powodów zgłoszenia się do ośrodka leczenia, sposobów stosowania narkotyków oraz częstotliwości ich zażywania.Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w celu osiągnięcia głównych celów profilaktycznych konieczne jest uwzględnienie wielu czynników, takich jak miejscowe przepisy dotyczące narkotyków, podnoszenie świadomości w poszczególnych warstwach społeczeństwa oraz zapewnienie odpowiedniej infrastruktury kulturalnej i sportowej.

Despite significant advances in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and below-the-knee critical ischemia, there are ongoing efforts to achieve a method with low complication, high success rate and persistence of long-term effects.was to examine the outcome of angioplasty in patients with below-the-knee critical ischemia referred to Hospital.. This semi-experimental study conducted on diabetics patients treated with PTA (Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) with critical ischemia of lower limbs referred to Sina Hospital. After discharge, the patients were followed weekly for the first month and then monthly up to 12 months. The procedure short-term effects were examined through evaluation of wound healing as well as patients' recovery and pain relief, after one month. Given the distribution type, parametric and non-parametric test were used to compare the results before and after treatment. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between variables.. Twenty four patients participated in this study. The mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) at baseline was 0.55±0.17. A month after angioplasty, the index increased statistically significant to 0.93±0.16. The mean health score expressed by the patients at baseline was 5.48±1.39. A month after angioplasty, it was significantly increased (6.32±1.24). The mean pain score before enrollment was 6.68±2.52 (according to VAS scale). There was a significant decrease over time (3.45±1.13). The overall mean score of all patients at Rutherford Classification was 3.88±0.63 at baseline. During the 1st month and 6th month follow-up, it was changed to Class 0 that was statistically significant in the first month.. This study represents the mid-term outcomes of PTA. Although PTA treatment was associated with improved pain scores, satisfaction with health, classification of limb ischemia and diabetic foot ulcers, the effects only remain short-term and mid-term. However, long-term efficacy of PTA needs to be investigated further.

Aim of the study was to comparison between internal jugular vs. subclavian vein cuffed tunnel catheter placement for dialysis. Material and methods Cases who required central venous catheter for dialysis were included in this study. Forty cases were included in this study and divided to two groups. Catheters were placed randomly in internal jugular vein or subclavian. Patients were followed for 6 months. Early and late complications of catheter's placement were recorded. Analysis was done using Spss ver 13.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results There were no significant differences between subclavian and internal jugular vein regarding occurrence of infection resulted in extraction or treatment. Also there were no significant differences regarding occurrence of thrombosis resulted in extraction or treatment. Failure rate was significantly higher in cases with internal jugular vein catheter compared to cases with subclavian vein catheter (p=0.04). Conclusion Failure rate was significantly higher in cases with internal jugular vein catheter compared to subclavian cathether. Subclavian catheter is more appropriate route for catheter placement.

This study describes two cases of cervical sympathetic schwannoma operated at department of vascular surgery and review the literature to clarify the demographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of these rare lesions for the first time. Two 32- and 59-year-old ladies both presenting with a painless cervical mass were referred to our service with the initial diagnosis of carotid body tumor. At the operation, mobile masses which could be easily dissected from the surrounding arteries and veins, except for the cervical sympathetic trunk were observed. Micro-surgical techniques helped us with removing the lesions with saving the sympathetic trunk in both cases. No permanent deficits were observed post-operatively in patients. Angiographic studies can provide the only pre-operative clues to diagnose a sympathetic schwannoma. Total removal of the lesion at the expense of sacrificing the sympathetic nerve is associated with minimal neurologic deficits which are well tolerated by the patient.

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare, slow-growing tumors that should be considered in evaluating every lateral neck mass. This single center study was performed to define demographic features, clinical characteristics and remedies of Iranian patients with CBT. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was done on 45 patients with 50 CBTs who have been referred to Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during a 10-year period, were investigated in this study. The demographic characteristics, clinical and pathologic features, imagings, preoperative treatments, surgical approach and complications were analyzed. The study group predominantly consisted of females (82%). Age of diagnosis was 18 to 75 years old. Five patients had bilateral CBT. Family history of CBT was positive in seven patients. Most of CBTs were ≤ 3cm in size. All of the patients presented with a neck mass, mostly without pain (84%). Other symptoms included vertigo 4%, dysphasia 4% and tinnitus 2%. There was no patient with cranial nerve involvement at presentation. The most common imaging helping the diagnosis was color Doppler sonography. Three patients had preoperative embolization. All patients underwent surgery and seven patients had post-operative cranial nerve injury. Nine cases underwent external carotid artery ligation and four ones had external carotid repair. Post operative mortality rate was one patient. This study provides epidemiological data on patients with CBT in Iran, which could be useful for health care workers in prompt diagnosis and appropriate work ups for patient's families in bilateral CBTs.