1. Relationships Between Outdoor Time, Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Body Mass Index in Children: A 12-Country Study
- Author
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Larouche, R, Mire, Ef, Belanger, K, Barreira, Tv, Chaput, Jp, Fogelholm, M, Hu, G, Lambert, Ev, Maher, C, Maia, J, Olds, T, Onywera, V, Sarmiento, Ol, Standage, M, Tudor-Locke, C, Katzmarzyk, Pt, Tremblay, Ms, Church, Ts, Lambert, Dg, Barreira, T, Broyles, S, Butitta, B, Champagne, C, Cocreham, S, Dentro, K, Drazba, K, Harrington, D, Johnson, W, Milauskas, D, Mire, E, Tohme, A, Rodarte, R, Amoroso, B, Luopa, J, Neiberg, R, Rushing, S, Lewis, L, Ferrar, K, Georgiadis, E, Stanley, R, Matsudo, Vkr, Matsudo, S, Araujo, T, de Oliveira LC, Rezende, L, Fabiano, L, Bezerra, D, Ferrari, G, Belanger, P, Borghese, M, Boyer, C, Leblanc, A, Francis, C, Leduc, G, Zhao, P, Diao, Cm, Li, W, Li WQ Liu, Liu, Eq, GS Liu HY, Ma, J, Qiao, Yj, Tian, Hg, Wang, Y, Zhang, T, Zhang, Fx, Sarmiento, O, Acosta, J, Alvira, Y, Diaz, Mp, Gamez, R, Garcia, Mp, Gomez, Lg, Gonzalez, L, Gonzalez, S, Grijalba, C, Gutierrez, L, Leal, D, Lemus, N, Mahecha, E, Mahecha, Mp, Mahecha, R, Ramirez, A, Rios, P, Suarez, A, Triana, C, Hovi, E, Kivela, J, Rasanen, S, Sanna, Roito, Taru, Saloheimo, Valta, L, Kurpad, A, Kuriyan, R, Lokesh, Dp, D'Almeida, Ms, Mattilda, Ra, Correa, L, Vijay, D, Wachira, Lj, Muthuri, S, Borges, Ad, Cachada, Sos, de Chaves RN, Gomes, Tnqf, Pereira, Sis, Santos, Dmde, dos Santos FK, da Silva PGR, de Souza MC, Lambert, V, April, M, Uys, M, Naidoo, N, Synyanya, N, Carstens, M, Cumming, S, Drenowatz, C, Emm, L, Gillison, F, Zakrzewski, J, Braud, A, Donatto, S, Lemon, C, Jackson, A, Pearson, A, Pennington, G, Ragus, D, Roubion, R, Schuna, J, Wiltz, D, Batterham, A, Kerr, J, Pratt, M, Pietrobelli, A, Larouche, Richard, Barreira, Tiago V., Hu, Gang, Maia, José, Sarmiento, Olga L., Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Mire, Emily F., Chaput, Jean Philippe, Lambert, Estelle V., Olds, Tim, Standage, Martyn, Belanger, Kevin, Fogelholm, Mikael, Maher, Carol, Onywera, Vincent, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Tremblay, Mark S., and ISCOLE Research Group
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric Obesity ,Time Factors ,Sports medicine ,Cross-sectional study ,health promotion ,RJ101 ,Health Behavior ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Standard score ,RA773 ,Body Mass Index ,RC1200 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Residence Characteristics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Accelerometry ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,2. Zero hunger ,Sedentary time ,exercise ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,motor behavior ,Obesity ,Country study ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Social Class ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,epidemiology ,Female ,Sedentary Behavior ,Psychology ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9–11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: −6.3 min/d; girls: −5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low- and middle-income countries.
- Published
- 2019
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