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Background Management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has significantly accelerated in the last few years. Currently, second generation direct acting antivirals (DAAs) promise clearance of infection in most of patients. Here we present the results of the first analysis carried out on data of Lazio clinical network for DAAs. Methods The study was designed as a multicenter cohort: a) to assess the evolution of treatment during the first 24 months of the activity of the Clinical Network; b) to report overall efficacy of treatments; c) to analyze potential factors associated with lack of virological response at 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12); d) to evaluate the variation of ALT at baseline and 12 weeks after therapy in those who achieved SVR12 in comparison to those who did not. Analyses of efficacy were carried out with multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model. ALT temporal variation was assessed by mixed effect model mixed models with random intercept at patient’s level and random slope at the level of the time; i.e. either before or after therapy. Results Between 30 December 2014 and 31 December 2016 5279 patients started a DAA treatment; of those, 5127 (in 14 clinical centers) had completed the 12-week follow-up. Overall proportion of SVR12 was 93.41% (N = 4780) with no heterogeneity between the 14 clinical centers. Interruption as the consequence of severe side effect was very low (only 23 patients). Unadjusted analysis indicates that proportion of SVR12 significantly changes according to patient’s baseline characteristics, however after adjusting for potential confounders only adherence to current guidelines, stage of liver diseases, gender, transplant and HIV status were independently associated with the response to therapy. Analysis of ALT temporal variation showed that ALT level normalized in most, but not, all patients who achieved SVR12. Conclusion Our study confirmed the extraordinary efficacy of DAAs outside clinical trials. The advantage of DAAs was particularly significant for those patients who were previously considered as difficult-to-treat and did not have treatment options before DAAs era. Intervention based on network of select centers and prioritization of patients according to diseases severity was successful. Further studies are needed to establish whether clearance of HCV after DAAs therapy can arrest or even revert liver fibrosis in non-cirrhotic patients and/or improve life quality and expectancy in those who achieve SVR12 with cirrhosis.

a b s t r a c t Background: Data on the efficacy of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C are mostly derived from treatment of selected patients enrolled in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” chronic hepatitis C patients in Italy. Methods: Independent observational multicentre study including consecutive patients receiving Peginterferon/ribavirin in the 18 months before (retrospective phase) and after (prospective phase) the start of the study. Results: 4176 patients were eligible. The final study population consisted of 2051 patients in the retrospective and 2073 in the prospective phase. Sustained virological response was achieved by 1036 patients (50.5%) during the retrospective phase: 325 were genotypes 1/4 (34.1%) and 684 were genotypes 2/3 (67.2%) and by 800 patients (38.6%) during the prospective phase: 300 were genotypes 1/4 (28.4%) and 473 were genotypes 2/3 (51.5%). During multivariate analysis genotypes 2/3 were significantly associated with higher sustained virological response rates; cirrhosis and -glutamil-transpeptidase >2 times the normal limit were associated with poorer response. Conclusions: The response to Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” clinical practice is distinctly lower than in registration trials. The difference in response rates was more pronounced among easy-totreat than among difficult-to-treat hepatitis C virus genotypes.

Simple snoring represents a social problem, not only because it could affect the patient's married life, but it often goes along with sleep-disordered breathing. Chronic nasal obstruction has many sequel including snoring and the inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) is its most common cause. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of video-assisted endoscopic radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) to reduce snoring in patients affected by chronic nasal obstruction due to ITH.This prospective study was conducted over 48 habitual snoring with persistent nasal obstruction due to bilateral ITH refractory to medical management received one time RFVTR of both it. Nasal symptoms were assessed both subjectively, by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and NOSE Scale, and objectively by videorhinohygrometer. Snoring was measured by Snoring severity rated by the bed partner, in a longitudinal fashion, using VAS. All patients were evaluated pre-operatively, and after 45th day (range 35-50 days) post-operatively.Thirty-two subjects completed study. All patients had significant symptomatic improvement in nasal breathing (5.53 ± 2.88 vs 1.87 ± 1.75; p0.05), confirmed by videorhinohygrometer values (p0.05). We had a significantly improvement of snoring in all patients (5.62 ± 2.80 vs 1.86 ± 1.43, p0.001) with a mean snoring Visual Analog Scale improvement of 77.4%.Based on this study and literature review, it seems that RFVTR represents a safe, minimal invasive, easy performed, and time and cost effective surgery, which may decrease symptoms of snoring in patients with ITH, at least, in short-term follow-up.

This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of sorafenib in a heterogeneous cohort of Child-Pugh A, B and C patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in a clinical-practice scenario. Adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and treated with sorafenib 800 mg/day were eligible for this multicentric retrospective observational study. Safety analyses were performed and the effectiveness of sorafenib was assessed in terms of time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). In total, 93 patients were enrolled: 14 were Child-Pugh A, 70 were Child-Pugh B and nine were Child-Pugh C. No differences in the frequency of grade 3 adverse events among different Child-Pugh classes were reported. In the overall cohort, median OS was 12 months (95% CI: 11.7-12.8 months) and TTP was 3 months (95% CI: 2.5-3.4 months). The Child-Pugh score had a statistically significant effect on TTP: 6.6 months in Child-Pugh A, 2.8 months in Child-Pugh B and 2.0 months in Child-Pugh C patients (p = 0.012). To our knowledge, this study includes the largest cohort of Caucasian Child-Pugh B and C patients ever treated with sorafenib. Although the retrospective design of this study does not allow reaching any definite conclusion, the results could lend some preliminary support to the safety and the effectiveness of sorafenib monotherapy in patients with Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C liver function.