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To determine whether singleton pregnancy achieved after preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) singleton pregnancy.A retrospective cohort study.A university-affiliated fertility center.This cohort study included singleton live births resulting from PGT (n = 232) and IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies (n = 2,829) with single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. Multiple baseline covariates were used for propensity score matching, yielding 214 PGT singleton pregnancies matched to 617 IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies.Trophectoderm biopsy.The primary outcome was gestational hypertension, and various clinical perinatal secondary outcomes related to maternal and neonatal health were measured.Compared with IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancy, PGT singleton pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.32, 5.05). In the matched sample, the risk of gestational hypertension remained higher with PGT singleton pregnancy (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.04, 5.22) than with IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancy. No statistical differences were noted in any other measured outcomes between the groups.The perinatal outcomes of PGT and IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies were similar except for the observed potentially higher risk of gestational hypertension with PGT singleton pregnancy. However, because the data on PGT singleton pregnancies are limited, this conclusion warrants further investigation.

Immunoglobulins are key humoral immune molecules produced and secreted by B lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. No research has reported whether immunoglobulins are present in the non-proliferative female germ cells—oocytes—and whether they are functionally important for oocyte quality, self-protection, and survival. Herein, we found that IgG was present in the oocytes of immunodeficient mice; the IgG-VDJ regions were highly variable between different oocytes, and H3K27Ac bound and regulated the IgG promoter region. Next, IgG mRNA and protein levels increased in response to LPS, and this increment was mediated by CR2 on the oocyte membrane. Finally, we revealed three aspects of the functional relevance of oocyte IgG: first, oocytes could upregulate IgG to counteract the increased ROS level induced by CSF1; second, oocytes could upregulate IgG in response to injected virus ssRNA to maintain mitochondrial integrity; third, upon bacterial infection, oocytes could secrete IgG, subsequently encompassing the bacteria, thus increasing survival compared to somatic cells. This study reveals for the first time that the female germ cells, oocytes, can independently adjust intrinsic IgG production to survive in adverse environments.

Many integral membrane proteins might act as indispensable coordinators in specific functional microdomains to maintain the normal operation of known receptors, such as Notch. Gm364 is a multi-pass transmembrane protein that has been screened as a potential female fertility factor. However, there have been no reports to date about its function in female fertility. Here, we found that global knockout of Gm364 decreased the numbers of primordial follicles and growing follicles, impaired oocyte quality as indicated by increased ROS and γ-H2AX, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased oocyte maturation, and increased aneuploidy. Mechanistically, Gm364 directly binds and anchors MIB2, a ubiquitin ligase, on the membrane. Subsequently, membrane MIB2 ubiquitinates and activates DLL3. Next, the activated DLL3 binds and activates Notch2, which is subsequently cleaved within the cytoplasm to produce NICD2, the intracellular active domain of Notch2. Finally, NICD2 can directly activate AKT within the cytoplasm to regulate oocyte meiosis and quality.