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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the bacterial community of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry prepared with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants in South China. In Experiment 1, the bacterial community, chemical composition, and fermentation products of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that fresh paper mulberry had high crude protein content, buffering capacity value, and amounts of uncultured bacteria. Ensiled paper mulberry showed poor fermentation with high pH value, ammonia-N content, and butyric acid content. In addition, Enterobacter was the dominant genus in silage, followed by Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Water-soluble carbohydrates, ammonia-N, propionic acid, pH, and lactic acid (LA) were the main factors affecting bacterial community of silage. In Experiment 2, the BP17 (Lactobacillus plantarum) from natural fermented paper mulberry silage and two commercial inoculants (Silage-help [SH] and Chikuso-1 [CH]) were used as additives. Compared with other treatments, BP17 inoculant decreased (p < 0.05) pH and ammonia-N content and increased (p < 0.05) LA content of silage. Inoculation of BP17 also increased the dominance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria in silage. These results confirmed that paper mulberry could be ensiled and epiphytic LAB inoculant can improve its fermentation quality., (© 2021 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)

To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, direct-cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) silages were prepared by using a rolled-bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7-14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia-N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB-inoculated silage, whereas LPLBc-treated silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc-inoculated silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau., (© 2020 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP) with different adding levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, fresh matter basis), alone (GP-LAB) or in combine with an inoculant LAB (GP+LAB), on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. After 90 days of ensiling in vacuumized mini-silos, silages were subject to a 7-day aerobic stability test, in which chemical, microbial and polyphenol composition were measured. In the GP-LAB group, adding GP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and butyric acid in silage. In the GP+LAB group, adding GP increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid, WSC and crude protein, decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value, NH 3 -N ratio and butyric acid concentration in silage. Polyphenol level was reduced (P < 0.05) after silage fermentation. During aerobic exposure, the fungi count, pH value and silage temperature increased (P < 0.05), the levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and polyphenols (quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucuronid) decreased (P < 0.05) in silage. GP+LAB treated silage had a lag phase for aerobic spoilage. When the fermentation products, microbial counts, chemical and polyphenol composition were considered, the use of 10% GP+LAB at ensiling could provide a valuable source for improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage., (© 2017 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)

In practical of silage production, variations in the fermentation parameters of silage might be attributable to changes in weather data, especially for ambient temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate how the changed temperature of outside weather condition affects distributions of pH and fermentation products in large round bale silage. The bale silages (1.22 m × 1.25 m ø; density, about 168.9 kg dry matter [DM]/m3) were produced by BR6090 Combi from New Holland Agriculture, wrapped with six layers of stretch film, stored at ambient temperature (2–20°C) and constant temperature (10°C; 15°C; 25°C) for 3, 9, 15, 45 and 90 days. Compared with other silages, silage stored at 25°C had higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid content, lower (p < 0.05) pH, butyric acid content and ammonia‐nitrogen (N) ratio of total N. Fluctuant storage temperature limited lactic acid fermentation process with delayed pH decline and continuous butyric production and crude protein (CP) degradation. The differences of pH, lactic acid, propionic acid and ammonia‐N were considerably less evident in the centre of silages stored at different temperatures, and they increased towards the boundaries. The data shows that fluctuant storage temperature had undesirable effect on the fermentation quality of silage, especially for the external part of silo; relatively high and stable storage temperature for initial stage of ensiling process was necessary, but did not promote a positive response to the homogeneous distributions of pH and fermentation products in large round bale silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to make good quality of silage from alpine gramineous from the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. The effects of lactic acid bacteria ( LAB) on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Siberian wildrye silage were studied in southeast of the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Siberian wildrye materials were freshly cut at the sprouting stage, flowering stage, and milky stage. Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system (bag silos). Lactobacillus plantarum ( LP, 5 × 108 cfu/kg FM), Lactobacillus buchneri ( LB, 5 × 108 cfu/kg FM) and their mixture ( LP+ LB, 5 × 108 cfu/kg FM) as silage additives were separately added to ensiled forages, and no additive served as control ( CK). These bag silos were kept at room temperature (<15°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 60 days of ensiling. The number of indigenous LAB on fresh materials was less than that of yeasts and molds, and LAB species showed specification adapted to low temperature. LAB inoculated silages had lower ( P < 0.05) pH value, NH3-N/ TN and butyric acid content compared with control silage. Silage treated with LB had higher contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, WSC and CP. However, the aerobic stability of silages inoculated with LAB did not differ significantly between stages ( P > 0.05). When fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, and aerobic stability were considered, treatment with L. plantarum resulted in high quality of Siberian wildrye silage harvested at the flowering stage in the alpine region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oat silage is inoculated with low temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria (LAB). • Main present of Clostridia reduces silage fermentation and bacterial diversity. • Low temperature tolerant LAB shifts silage bacterial community. • Low temperature tolerant LAB enhance the silage quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a low temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of oat silage. Oats were harvested at the flowering stage and wilted to dry matter content of approximately 270 g/kg fresh weight. Wilted and chopped oats were used to make mini round bale silages. Silages were prepared without (control) or with a low temperature tolerant LAB inoculant including Lactobacillus plantarum BP18, Pediococcus pentosaceus HS1 and L. buchneri LP22 and then separately stored at different geographic locations (L, Chengdu Plain; H, Qinghai Tibetan Plateau) for 120 days. High contents of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were found in LAB inoculated silage. Inoculation with LAB increased (P < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and decreased (P < 0.05) the final pH of silage stored at the H location. However, LAB inoculation reduced (P < 0.05) the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), richness index (Chao 1) and diversity index (Shannon) of silage stored at the L location. The dominant genera from silage samples were Lactobacillus , Leuconostoc and Clostridium , with a total relative abundance of 71∼93 %. LAB inoculation increased the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of undesirable Clostridium in silage. Therefore, inoculation of low temperature tolerant LAB at ensiling could stimulate favorable fermentation and reconstruct the bacterial community for better preservation of high moist oat silage nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SBP is utilized as an additive in silage making. • Addition of SBP advances silage fermentation process. • Addition of SBP enriches the growth of Lactobacillus and Lactococcs. • Addition of SBP + LP shows best performance. To effectively preserve nutrients, alfalfa silage was treated without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and their mixture (LP + SBP). Results showed that SBP decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value and ammonia-N of total N, increased (P < 0.05) lactic, acetic and propionic acid contents, resulting in more residual water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents and less fiber content in relative to control. Moreover, SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the number of observed species, richness index of ACE and diversity index of Shannon at early stage of ensiling, while Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactococcus lactis , and/or Lactobacillus brevis dominated in silages. In particular, LP + SBP enhanced the growth of Lactococcus lactic at early stage and Lactobacillus plantarum at late stage of ensiling, resulting in higher lactic and acetic acid contents and lower propionic acid content as compared with LP. These confirmed that SBP could be used as an additive for improving silage quality of alfalfa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]