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When to Stop Contraception - Reasons and Consequences of Delaying Parenthood Abstract. Women are delaying motherhood for many reasons. However, knowledge on age-related decline of fertility is limited. Many patients and even physicians are not aware that female fertility starts to diminish significantly after the age of thirty-two years, and success rates of in vitro treatment are overestimated in the general population. Apart from maternal age there is no predictor for future fecundity. Physicians should actively discuss reasons for delaying motherhood and options for improving fecundity. During the reproductive life span, women need reliable counselling on contraception and fertility.

Introduction: The impact of lameness on fertility in dairy cows has already been investigated, however predominantely in Holstein cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of lameness during the dry period, between calving and first service and between calving and conception (days open) on selected fertility traits in Austrian Fleckvieh cows. Locomotion scoring of dairy cows was performed during the course of routine performance testing in 2014 and 2015. Using the observed maximum locomotion score (MLSC) during pre- and postcalving periods, the cows were classified into three groups: cows never lame (MLSC 1), cows that showed MLSC 2, and cows with MLSC ≥3 during these defined periods. Data sets of 3,998 lactations of 3,058 Austrian Fleckvieh cows from 97 dairy herds could be evaluated. In several statistical models the fixed effects of MLSC (1, 2, ≥ 3), farm, year and season of calving, parity*age class at calving, and early fertility disorders were considered for analysis of the traits days from calving to first insemination, interval from first to last insemination, days from calving to conception and calving interval (CI), as well as the non-return-rate90 (NRR90). Mean lameness prevalence during the dry period was 19,43 %, and reached 27,70 % in the period between calving and conception. Lameness (MLSC ≥ 3) during the dry period significantly (P = 0,030) prolonged the period between calving and conception, and lameness (MLSC ≥ 3) during the period from calving to first service had a significantly detrimental effect on the periods calving to first insemination, days open and CI (P < 0,001). Further, highly significant associations (P < 0,001) in cows showing MLSC ≥ 2 during the period between calving and conception on all fertility traits were determined. Apart from lameness, farm, year and season of calving, parity*-age class at calving, early fertility disorders and, partly, the interaction of the latter two effects significantly (P.

Objectives: To describe regional differences in the relative fertility of HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative women and changes as antiretroviral treatment (ART) is scaled up, to improve estimates of predicted need for and coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services at national and subnational levels., Methods: We analysed 49 nationally representative household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa between 2003 and 2016 to estimate fertility rate ratios of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women by age using exponential regression and test for regional and urban/rural differences. We estimated the association between national ART coverage and the relationship between HIV and fertility., Results: Significant regional differences exist in HIV and fertility relationships, with less HIV-associated subfertility in Southern Africa. Age patterns of relative fertility are similar. HIV impact on fertility is weaker in urban than rural areas. For women below age 30, regional and urban/rural differences are largely explained by differences in age at sexual debut. Higher levels of national ART coverage were associated with slight attenuation of the relationship between HIV and fertility., Conclusions: Regional differences in HIV-associated subfertility and urban-rural differences in age patterns of relative fertility should be accounted for when predicting need for and coverage of PMTCT services at national and subnational level. Although HIV impacts on fertility are somewhat reduced at higher levels of national ART coverage, differences in fertility between HIV positive and negative remain, and fertility of women on ART should not be assumed to be the same as HIV-negative women. There were few data in recent years, when ART has reached high levels, and this relationship should continue to be assessed as further evidence becomes available., (© 2017 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: Interstitial, angular and corneal pregnancies are not very frequent and often mistaken, each with its own definition and prognosis. The objective of this work is to relate 10 years experience of ectopic pregnancies at the UH in Dijon, based on the latest data from the literature in term of diagnosis, management and subsequent fertility., Method: This is a retrospective study carried out at the UH of Dijon from 01/01/2005 to 01/01/2015. From the medical records of each patient who presented a corneal, interstitial or angular pregnancy, we identified the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (EG), the diagnostic and therapeutic means used, and the subsequent obstetrical events., Results: In 10 years, 532 EG were managed including 10 interstitials, one angular and nine cornual. The main risk factors were previous EG (50%), salpingectomy (55%), curettage (45%) and smoking (40%). The localization of the EG was done in 75% by the endo-vaginal sonography, in 25% in peroperative. Thirty-five percent were treated with methotrexate, 20% had surgery and 40% had both. Seventy-five percent of patients had at least one ulterior pregnancy. In the case of caesarean section, no dehiscence of the corneal scar was identified., Conclusion: This study shows the presence of medical antecedents which are risk factors of the tubular EG. A methotrexate protocol should be proposed first. Even after corneal surgery, vaginal delivery may remain possible., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Analyze residents' intentions about parenting and knowledge about fertility, as well as their alleged behavior towards a diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve., Materials and Methods: Prospective study with distribution of self-administered questionnaire to residents of Aix-Marseille university from June to September 2015. The questionnaire was composed of a first descriptive part including generic and personal informations about the residents and their intentions towards parenting. The second part was a 9 questions survey aimed at testing their knowledge about fertility and ovarian reserve and a final question placing them in a situation of a diminished ovarian reserve diagnosis in order to analyze their reactions., Results: The overall participation rate was 53.2%, including 220 women with an average age of 27 years (SD: 1.8 years) and 116 men with an average age of 27.3 years (SD: 2.2 years). The 11.8% of female residents (n=26) already had one or more children vs.6.9% of male residents (n=8). Among the residents without children, 99% of females (n=192) and 91.7% of males (n=99) said they wanted to have children in the future, planning an average age to have their first child of 29.6 years (SD: 1.9 years) for females and 30.4 years (SD: 2.2 years) for men. Moreover, 58.3% of female residents (n=112) and 53.5% of male residents (n=53) reported that they were postponing their plan to have children after the completion of their medical studies. In a simulation of couples facing a diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve, 73.6% of females and 61.2% of males would be ready to change their life choices and conceive a baby sooner than originally planned., Conclusion: Almost all the general medicine residents have plannedto have children in the future and more than half of them postpone their parental plan after the end of their residency, although the decline of female fertility in relation to aging is widely known among them., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Understanding the fertility of HIV-positive women is critical to estimating HIV epidemic trends from surveillance data and to planning resource needs and coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in sub-Saharan Africa. In the light of the considerable scale-up in antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage over the last decade, we conducted a systematic review of the impact of ART on the fertility outcomes of HIV-positive women., Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Popline, PubMed and African Index Medicus. Studies were included if they were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and provided estimates of fertility outcomes (live births or pregnancies) among women on ART relative to a comparison group., Results: Of 2070 unique references, 18 published papers met all eligibility criteria. Comparisons fell into four categories: fertility of HIV-positive women relative to HIV-negative women; fertility of HIV-positive women on ART compared to those not yet on ART; fertility differences by duration on ART; and temporal trends in fertility among HIV-positive women. Evidence indicates that fertility increases after approximately the first year on ART and that while the fertility deficit of HIV-positive women is shrinking, their fertility remains below that of HIV-negative women. These findings, however, were based on limited data mostly during the period 2005-2010 when ART scaled up., Conclusions: Existing data are insufficient to characterise how ART has affected the fertility of HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa. Improving evidence about fertility among women on ART is an urgent priority for planning HIV resource needs and understanding HIV epidemic trends. Alternative data sources such as antenatal clinic data, general population cohorts and population-based surveys can be harnessed to understand the issue., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Unlabelled: Two surgical techniques can be performed for the treatment of an ectopic pregnancy (EP): a conservative one called salpingostomy and a radical one called salpingectomy. We compared both techniques to find differences about fertility or risk of recurrence., Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the women who underwent a surgical treatment for an ectopic pregnancy in the university's hospital of Caen between 2008 and 2011. We compared the results of both techniques. The primary end-point was the rate of intra-uterine pregnancy and the second end-point was the rate of recurrence of the EP. We also try to identify other risk factor of infertility., Results: One hundred and fifty-two patients have been listed initially. Ninety-eight patients still attempt to become pregnant after the EP. In the conservative group, the rate of intra-uterine pregnancy was 88% (n=22) and the rate of recurrence was 8% (n=2). In the radical group, the rate of intra-uterine pregnancy was 68% (n=50) and the rate of recurrence was 5% (n=3). We could not identify any significant difference in the subsequent fertility or in the recurrence's risk between conservative and radical surgery. The age of the patient has been identified as a significative risk factor of infertility., Conclusion: To choose the surgical technique of an EP, the wish of pregnancy, the risk factor of infertility of the patient and the laparoscopic observations have to be taken into account. It seems that there is no difference between the two surgical techniques., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Cornual pregnancy is a rare entity, representing 2% of ectopic pregnancies. Its management is poorly codified and often guided by the clinical situation. The aim of our study was to describe the management of cornual pregnancies, subsequent fertility, and obstetric outcomes according to the management., Methods: Observational retrospective unicentric study. Nineteen patients hospitalized for cornual pregnancy between 2006 and 2015 were included. The data was collected with medical records and a phone standardized questionnaire. Patients were managed according to hemodynamic status by either systemic or local methotrexate injection or surgical corneal resection., Results: Among the 19 patients, 32% (6) were treated by systemic injection (one failure treated by surgical treatment) and 68% (13) underwent surgical treatment by cornual resection. The median HCG rate decrease was 33 days (16-62). Among the twelve patients with a desire for a new pregnancy, 7 (58%) became pregnant without assisted reproductive technology (2 following medical treatment and 5 following surgical resection). Histological analysis of uterine horn showed proximal fallopian tube lesions in 76.9% of case (chronic salpingitis, endosalpingiosis and adenomyosis)., Conclusion: Cornual pregnancies are at high risk of hemorrhagic rupture. Ectopic recidive may occur. Fertility and obstetrical outcomes following cornual pregnancy are not affected whatever the initial treatment. Other studies are needed to aid clinical management according to HCG level and ultrasound features., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Nanoparticles (NPs) are sized between 1 and 100nm. Their size allows new nanoscale properties of particular interest for industrial and scientific purpose. Over the past twenty years, nanotechnology conquered many areas of use (electronic, cosmetic, textile…). While, human is exposed to an increasing number of nanoparticles sources, health impacts and, particularly on reproductive function, remains poorly evaluated. Indeed, traceability of nanoparticles use is lacking and nanotoxicology follows different rules than classical toxicology. This review focuses on the impact of NPs on health and particularly on fertility and addresses potential risks of chronic exposure to NPs on human fertility., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

We reviewed the studies about fertility-sparing in young patient presenting a benign ovarian tumor. It appears that more than the histologic nature of the ovarian cysts, it is the surgical treatment of the cyst which may decrease fertility. Some good practice of surgical procedures must be kept in mind when one manages a benign ovarian tumor in a young patient wishing to preserve her fertility: surgery should be avoided as much as possible; kystectomy is better than oophorectomy; no radical surgery should be done without pathological certitudes; electrocoagulation must be avoided on the cyst walls. In some situations, fertility is specially endangered: bilateral ovarian cysts, recurrence or strong probability of recurrence (endometriomas), poor ovarian reserve (previous chemo- or radiotherapy, age>35, premature ovarian failure). In these situations, a pre-operative assessment of the ovarian reserve could be useful. Beside the surgical 'good procedures', gamete cryopreservation procedures could be used. Cryopreservation of mature oocytes (after ovarian hyperstimulation) or in vitro mature oocytes (after antral follicle retrieval) can be proposed. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is another option. Oocyte (or embryos) cryopreservation can be proposed before or after the surgery. The global management of benign ovarian tumors in young patients should be decided between surgeons and specialists in reproductive biology., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of oral progesterone (altrenogest) administered after mating on fertility in goats synchronized during the breeding season. A total of 47 Hair goats were included in the study. A progesterone-impregnated intravaginal sponges were administered for 12 days. On day 10 of intravaginal sponge administration, 480 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 0.075 mg cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly to the goats. Animals were exposed to bucks for 12 hours after detection of estrus by the foraging buck. The goats were randomly assigned to two distinct groups: Group 1 (G1, n=23) and Group 2 (G2, n=24). G1 goats were orally administrated 4.4 mg of altrenogest per day for 30 days after mating. G2 goats served as controls. Pregnancy examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography on the 30th and 42nd days after mating. Blood samples were taken from one day after mating to 30 days (3-day intervals). Statistical analysis comparing G1 and G2 revealed no significant differences between the groups regarding progesterone concentrations, conception rate, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, multiple birth rate, fecundity, and litter size (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that oral progesterone use had no impact on fertility parameters. Moreover, further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of various oral progesterone analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Araştırmada kadınlarda fertilite farkındalığının ve fertiliteyi etkileyen yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Örneklemi, Ağustos-Ekim 2022 tarihleri arasında Sivas Akıncılar İlçe Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran, 20-49 yaş aralığında ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 305 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Fertilite Farkındalık Ölçeği (FFÖ) ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II (SYBDÖ-II) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistik analizi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, ki-kare testi ve pearson kolerasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 36,41±7,85 dir. FFÖ puan ortalaması 64,17±11,63; bedensel farkındalık ortalaması 36,46±6,82; bilişsel farkındalık ortalaması 27,71±6,30’dur. Kadınların %59,6’sı orta, %36,1’i yüksek, %4,3’ü düşük düzeyde fertilite farkındalığına sahiptir. SYBDÖ-II toplam puan ortalaması 132,84±21,16, manevi gelişim 27,17±4,32, sağlık sorumluluğu 21,55±5,02, fiziksel aktivite 15,68±4,98, beslenme 21,90±3,96, stres yönetimi 20,49±3,82, kişiler arası ilişkiler 26,06±4,61’dir. FFÖ ve SYBDÖ-II toplam ve alt boyut puan ortalamaları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. FFÖ ile SYBDÖ-II toplam ve alt boyut (manevi gelişim, sağlık sorumluluğu, beslenme, kişiler arası ilişkiler, stres yönetimi) puanları arasında orta düzeyde, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı; fiziksel aktivite arasında ise çok düşük düzeyde, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (p < ,05). Sonuç: Kadınların fertilite farkındalık düzeyi ve sağlıklı yaşam biçim davranışları orta düzeydedir. Kadınlar en yüksek manevi gelişim en düşük fiziksel aktivite davranışına sahiptir. Fertilite farkındalık düzeyi arttıkça sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları artmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda kadınlara fertilite farkındalığı ve fertiliteyi etkileyen yaşam biçimi davranışları hakkında eğitim ve danışmanlık yapılması önerilmektedir.

Copyright of Advances in Women's Studies is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Fertility desire is one of the important factors influencing population growth and women's fertility-related health outcomes. This study aimed to assess women's fertility desire and factors associated with excess fertility desire in two populations with different socio-demographic and cultural characteristics. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Karabuk and a health center in N'Djamena. The sample size was calculated as 611 women (311 for Karabuk, 300 for N'Djamena). The study's dependent variable is the desire to have children, which was determined by asking women about their ideal number of children. Independent variables included women's sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics, and some perceptions about women's status. The chi-square test was used to compare the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics of women. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated via binary logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 615 women were reached. The average ideal number of children for women was 2.7 in Karabuk and 5.6 in N'Djamena. In the whole study group multivariable logistic regression analysis, unofficial marriages (OR = 12.1), the belief that a woman's fertility is determined by her husband or God (OR = 2.5), lower education level (primary school and below) (OR = 2.4) and the husband's increasing ideal number of children (OR = 2.3) were associated with women's excess fertility desire. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal significant differences between the fertility patterns and preferences of women in the two populations and the influence of social structure on women's fertility behaviors. Policies aimed at empowering women and eliminating gender inequalities should be pursued to protect them from the adverse effects of excess fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kidney transplantation is a crucial treatment for improving the quality of life of patients with renal failure. Immunosuppressive drugs are necessary to prevent organ rejection and are vital for the success of the transplantation. However, there is limited information on the potential adverse effects of these drugs on male fertility. Observational studies suggest that paternal drug exposure, as well as maternal drug exposure, may contribute to the risk of teratogenicity. This presents challenges in managing the treatment of men on chronic medication who are planning to conceive. The purpose of this article was to raise awareness among clinicians of this issue by examining the impact of immunosuppressive drugs used in renal transplant patients on paternal fertility and teratogenicity. Although further studies are required to understand the long-term effects of these drugs, it is recommended that options such as sperm banking should be considered in patients who are planning to have children and are considering immunosuppressive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recurring questions arise for gastroenterologists in charge of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Does treatment of IBD with immunosuppressants or biotherapy have an impact on fertility in men, and on the subsequent development of a pregnancy in the couple? In pregnant women, when is the best time to stop anti-TNF treatment during pregnancy, and when should the newborn be offered a live attenuated vaccine? A review of the literature and a meta-analysis collated studies describing the consequences of IBD treatment with biotherapy or immunosuppressants on spermatogenesis and the evolution of a possible pregnancy in the couple. Sperm analysis, including sperm count, morphology, and motility, did not differ with or without treatment. No adverse pregnancy events (miscarriage, prematurity and congenital malformation) were significantly different whether or not the male parents received treatment for their IBD. Recommendations concerning the use of biotherapies have recently been drawn up by the European group ECCO (European Crohn's and -Colitis -Organisation). A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling study of -biotherapies in both pregnant women and exposed children sought to predict the ideal time for the last biotherapy injection, taking into account the mother's dose and the intervals between injections or infusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bien qu'il ait été longtemps ignoré ou peu exprimé, le désir de parentalité est présent chez certaines personnes transgenres. L'évolution des techniques médicales ainsi que les changements législatifs permettent actuellement de proposer des stratégies de préservation de la fertilité dans le contexte de transidentité de genre. Lors des parcours de transition « female to male », dit FtM, l'androgénothérapie a un impact sur la fonction gonadique puisqu'elle induit généralement un blocage de l'ovulation avec aménorrhée. Bien que cet effet soit réversible à l'arrêt du traitement, les éventuels effets à long terme du traitement par testostérone sur la fertilité future, voire sur la santé des enfants a naître, ne sont pas bien connus. De plus, les chirurgies de transition compromettent définitivement la possibilité de grossesse lorsqu'elles comprennent une annexectomie bilatérale et/ou une hystérectomie. Les options de préservation de la fertilité dans le cadre d'une transition FtM reposent sur la cryoconservation d'ovocytes ou de tissu ovarien. De la même manière, les traitements hormonaux reçus par les personnes trans male to female (MtF) peuvent avoir un impact sur la fertilité ultérieure même si ceci est encore mal documenté. A fortiori en cas de chirurgie avec orchidectomie bilatérale la fertilité est définitivement impossible s'il n'a pas été réalisé une cryopréservation de spermatozoïdes. Dans les deux cas de nombreux obstacles juridiques et réglementaires s'opposent toutefois à la réutilisation des gamètes cryopréservés dans l'état actuel de la législation. Il est également indispensable d'encadrer ces prises en charge par la proposition d'un soutien psychologique, notamment compte tenu de ces contraintes. Oftentimes ignored or infrequently expressed, some transgender persons harbor a desire for parenthood. Given the evolution of medical techniques and the enacting of legislative reforms, it is henceforth possible to propose fertility preservation strategies in the overall context of gender transidentity. During the "female to male" (FtM) transition pathway, androgen therapy has an impact on gonadic function, generally inducing blockage of the ovarian function, with amenorrhea. Even though these events may be reversed on cessation of treatment, the possible long-term effects on future fertility and on the health of children yet to be born are little known. Moreover, transition surgeries definitively compromise the possibility of pregnancy insofar as they involve bilateral adnexectomy and/or hysterectomy. Options for fertility preservation in the framework of FtM transition are premised on cryopreservation of oocytes and/or ovarian tissue. In a comparable manner, even though relevant documentation is lacking, hormonal treatments for persons transitioning from male to female (MtF) can have an impact on future fertility. In the event of surgery involving bilateral orchidectomy in which spermatozoid cryopreservation has not been carried out, fertility is definitively impossible. In both cases and under present-day legislation, numerous legal and regulatory barriers render highly problematic the reutilization of cryopreserved gametes. Given these different constraints, it is indispensable to closely supervise these types of treatment by proposing psychological support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disease that also affects women of reproductive age, with mucocutaneous findings and systemic organ involvement. Like other inflammatory diseases, BH is likely to have effects on fertility. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of BH on fertility, pregnancy and birth processes in women diagnosed with BD. Methods: Marriage, fertility and pregnancy histories of 274 female Behçet's patients were evaluated retrospectively. Data of 563 pregnancies before (n=450) and after (n=113) diagnosis were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 39.8 years. Infertility rate was determined as 2.3% (n=5). The pregnancy rate with assisted reproductive techniques was 1.4% (n=3). The number of patients who had 3 and ≥4 pregnancies after the diagnosis of BD was statistically significantly less (p<0.001). The miscarriage rate, which was 24.8% before the diagnosis of BD, was 17.4% in the pregnancies after the diagnosis, the difference was not statistically significant. Intrauterine death (6.2% vs. 2.2%, p=0.027) and low birth weight infant rate (8.8% vs. 3.8%, p=0.024) were statistically significantly higher in pregnancies after BD diagnosis. Intrauterine death and fetal complications were associated with pre-pregnancy steroid use. The rate of cesarean section was found to be statistically significantly higher in pregnancies after diagnosis (p<0.001). Conclusion: In women with BD, it seems that the disease has no effect on fertility, but there is an increased risk for maternal and fetal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Type 1 diabetes begins early in life and subfertility linked to insulinopenia seems to improve with progress in insulin therapy. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes, previously diagnosed after the age of 40, currently occurs earlier (lifestyle changes, obesity). Thus, many young people of childbearing age suffer from diabetes, so that subfertility, worsen by associated obesity, can be considered as complication to be prevented, detected and treated. We will detail the mechanisms (hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency, hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress) and the principles of management: from information on the risk of impaired fertility which gives access to possible cryopreservation of gametes, to the choice of antidiabetics for optimal glycemic control, with a potential impact on fertility. GLP1 analogues combined with metformin seem promising but data are insufficient, randomized and controlled studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

21-Hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Increased production of adrenal-derived androgens and progesterone in 21OHD women interfere with their reproductive function and their fertility in many different ways, depending of the severity of the disease. Sexuality and fertility in women with classic 21OHD is impaired, due to several issues such as disrupted gonadotropic axis due to androgen and progesterone overproduction, and mechanical, psychological factors related to genital surgery. Fertility and fecundity in these women get better over the years. In women with non classic 21OHD form, subfertility is relative when they receive hydrocortisone preconceptionally and during the first trimester of pregnancy to avoid increased miscarriage risk. In all cases, genetic counselling is primordial prior to any pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using experimental data, we analyze the relationship between low-income households' economic security and their fertility decisions. Between 1974 and 1977, a randomized controlled trial was conducted in Manitoba, Canada, in which the treatment groups received differing levels of guaranteed annual income. All of the program participants were low-income households. We find positive effects of the program on the probability of childbirth that range between 7 and 10 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first consultation of a heterosexual couple for infertility should lead to the prescription of a spermiological assessment. In the first instance, it consists of a spermogram and a spermocytogram. It will provide information on macroscopic and microscopic parameters. The survival migration test guides the MPA technique; the sperm culture and the clinical examination complete this assessment. In a second phase, we will be able to continue the analysis of the sperm with: the search for anti-sperm antibodies, the analysis of the seminal biochemistry, and the evaluation of the DNA fragmentation rate. Blood samples will enrich the exploration: hormonal assays of endocrine and exocrine testicular functions; genetic analyses (karyotype, search for micro deletion of the Y chromosome, search for CFTR variants and search for the MTHFR gene mutation). Finally, imaging will complete this exploration with an ultrasound and scrotal venous doppler, and an MRI of the urogenital carrefour. Fertility assessment in men must be early, exhaustive and oriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are delaying motherhood for many reasons. However, knowledge on age-related decline of fertility is limited. Many patients and even physicians are not aware that female fertility starts to diminish significantly after the age of thirty-two years, and success rates of in vitro treatment are overestimated in the general population. Apart from maternal age there is no predictor for future fecundity. Physicians should actively discuss reasons for delaying motherhood and options for improving fecundity. During the reproductive life span, women need reliable counselling on contraception and fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The T-shaped uterus (U1 in the ESHRE classification) and the septate uterus (U2) are rare uterine malformations. The reference examination for the diagnosis of these malformations is 3D ultrasound more or less coupled to sonography. The presence of one of these malforma- tions is classically associated with a decrease in fertility and an increase in the rate of miscarriages. It also seems to be associated with an increase in the rate of implantation failure in assisted reproduction. Enlargement plasty (or metroplasty) and section of the septum, which are performed by hysteroscopy, are the respective reference treatments for these two pathologies. The surgery is not very morbid, easy to perform, and gives good anatomical results. The impact of surgery on fertility and obstetric prog- nosis seems to be positive. Neverthe- less, the data in the literature are poor with studies of low level of evidence. No randomized trial (except one for septate uterus) has been conducted to date. It is therefore difficult on these data alone to systematically recom- mend first-line surgery to improve fertility or obstetrical prognosis. In our view, given the positive results in the literature, each situation must be assessed on a case-by-case basis and surgery can be proposed, especially when no other cause has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between endocrinological and metabolic profiles and the pregnancy rate at the first insemination in peripartum dairy cows housed under cold conditions. Temperature inside the barn was recorded hourly during the periparturient period. Blood samples were collected before (last 14 day), on the day (0 day), and after parturition (3, 4, 6, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days) from 26 peripartum Simmental cows and analyzed for anti-Müllerian hormone, β-hydroxybutyric acid, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin, cortisol, malondialdehyde, progesterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine concentrations. The cows were divided into 2 groups: pregnant and non-pregnant based on results at the first insemination. The average ambient temperature ranged from -7°C to +11°C in the tent barn. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (2.00 ± 0.04 vs. 1.89 ± 0.04 mU/L; P < .006), insulin (2.10 ± 0.03 vs. 2.51 ± 0.05 ng/mL; P < .0001), malondialdehyde (49.0 ± 1.30 vs. 44.0 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P < .001), and progesterone (44.1 ± 2.2 vs. 41.7 ± 2.1 pg/mL; P < .002) concentrations were different between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. In conclusion, anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin have a determinative role on pregnancy rate in peripartum cows housed under cold condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Egg yolk is one of the most widely used cryoprotective components of extenders, especially for the cryopreservation of mammalian species’ sperm cells. However, there is a lack of information regarding their efficacy in cryopreservation of fish sperm cells. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to compare the effectiveness of egg yolk from different avian species (duck, goose, and chicken) on post-thaw quality and fertilization ability of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) semen following cryopreservation. Sperm samples diluted with the sucrose-based extender at the ratio of 1:10 were supplemented with 10, 15, and 20% ratios of different avian egg yolks. In the control group, sperm samples were diluted with the sucrose-based extender, without egg yolk. Following dilution, sperm samples were equilibrated at +4⁰C for 10 min and aspirated into 0.25-ml straws. Then, sperm samples were frozen 3 cm above the liquid nitrogen (LN2) surface and plunged directly into the LN2. The frozen sperm cells were thawed in a water bath at 35 ⁰C for 30 s and fertilization was carried out using a 1x105 spermatozoa/egg ratio. Based on the results, supplementation of sperm cells with 20 % duck egg yolk in a sucrose-based extender exhibited the best post-thaw progressive motility (67.8 ±1.24%), progressive motility duration (32.6 ±1.45 s), viability (82.4 ±1.36%), and fertility (92.6 ±1.28%) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of the experiment showed that duck egg yolk could be used as an alternative instead of chicken egg yolk in a sucrose-based extender for the cryopreservation of scaly carp sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it was aimed to examine the level of femininity and sexual myths of psychogenic infertile women and fertile women who cannot have children despite not having any organic disorder. According to the results of the research; It has been determined that the level of tendency of infertile women to identify with masculine stereotypes is higher than fertile women and the level of tendency of fertile women to identify with feminine stereotypes is higher than infertile women. It has been found that the level of femininity of infertile women is low compared to fertile women. As the emphasis of motherhood increases in women's gender roles, women feel less feminine. However, they also have difficulty adopting feminine roles. Also in accordance with the literature; fertile women tend to feel more feminine with motherhood brought about by social roles. Infertile women, on the other hand, tend to see themselves in a more masculine position because they do not adapt to fertility and feminine roles. There was no significant difference between the levels of infertile and fertile women's belief in sexual myth. However, fertile women of their right to the items on the scale of sexual myths answers the correct answer when we examine the descriptive statistics of the substances given the highest "the spouses have sex if they love they know how to take pleasure in each other," and "they instinctively know what you're thinking what the other wants his wife during sexual intercourse" has been found. It has been found that the substance given the lowest correct answer by fertile women is "the man's wife is innocent and sacred, the more satisfying and satisfying sex should be done with prostitutes". When we examined the descriptive statistics of the correct responses of infertile women to substances related to the sexual myth scale, it was found that the substance with the highest correct answer was "menopause causes a sudden decrease in women's sexual desire". It was found that the substance given the lowest correct answer by infertile women was "wrong to make sexual fantasies during sexual intercourse". As expected, women feel less feminine as the emphasis on motherhood increases in women's gender roles. However, they also have difficulty adopting feminine roles. Also, Similarly to the literature, fertile women tend to feel more feminine with motherhood brought about by social roles. Infertile women, on the other hand, tend to see themselves in a more masculine position, as they do not adapt to fertility and feminine roles. In this context, it is worth noting the importance of therapies and research in the point of denial of femininity when differences produced by social factors eliminate differences of biological origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spheroids and organoids are cellular models capable of selforganisation in 3 dimensions in vitro and which mimic the organisation of an organ. The oviduct, located between the ovary and the uterus, is the site of final gamete maturation, fertilisation and early embryonic development. Our objective is to develop oviduct spheroids and organoids to better understand the roles of this organ in the mechanisms of sperm storage and selection by the maternal organism, as well as in the embryo-maternal dialogue during the development of the young embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the embryo, mitochondria are exclusively inherited from the oocyte. They play essential roles in pre-implantation development in mammals: energy production, regulation of redox and calcium homeostasis, production of substrates necessary for epigenetic reprogramming. A decrease in their quantity has been associated with developmental defects. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA mutations are a cause of severe and incurable diseases transmitted by the mother when the mitochondrial DNA of the oocyte carries certain mutations. Mitochondrial replacement therapies have been proposed to supplement (partial cytoplasm transfer) or replace (total cytoplasm transfer) oocyte mitochondria and to alleviate certain infertilities or to avoid the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases. This article reviews the attractive but highly controversial use of these techniques. In any case, they are likely to disrupt mitochondrial homoplasmy and the necessary dialogue between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, two properties that naturally result from the mode of maternal transmission of mitochondria and whose regulation remains insufficiently understood to date. The use of agents stimulating mitochondrial activity or biogenesis could, in the case of infertility, constitute an alternative to these techniques. Further research is needed to assess the possible long-term effects of these different strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine effects of different proportions of sugar and egg yolk (EY) added to Tris in Damascus bucks on some spermatological properties and fertility at 4°C. Goats to be inseminated in a total of 4 groups with 8 females in each group, one of which was the control (natural breeding). Progesterone measurements and birth rates were recorded. During the breeding season semen was collected from 4 bucks twice a week. After pooling, semen diluted with 3 different diluents (Group 1: 1.3 g fructose, 0.2 g glucose, %20 EY; Group 2: 0.9 g fructose, 0.1 g glucose, 3% EY; Group 3: 0.2 g fructose, 0.1 g glucose, 0% EY) and stored for 96 hours. At 12-24, 36-60 hours, lowest motility was detected in group1 and highest motility in group2 (p<0.05). There was no difference between groups in abnormal spermatozoa rates (p>0.05). Highest value of dead-live spermatozoa ratio was determined in group1 until 72nd hour (p<0.05). Consequently, semen quality was found to be significantly lower in the group with of 20% EY, and highest motility and longevity were found in the group with a small amount of (3%) added EY. There was no difference in 21stday pregnancy and birth rates between groups and natural breeding. Consequently, it was determined that addition of EY and sugar in low amounts to Tris diluent in short-term storage of Damascus buck semen provided significant benefits on spermatological values, was found to be similar to natural breeding group in terms of fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are two main arguments in favour of systematic reproductive monitoring in young women treated for cancer: 1) to assess follicular loss induced by chemotherapy or pelvic radiotherapy, as well as spontaneous fertility, in order to refine fertility preservation (FP) strategies prior to treatment, 2) to judge the interest of a second FP phase at a distance from the disease according to the degree of ovarian recovery. Longitudinal monitoring of anti-müllerian hormone, a realtime reflection of follicular loss and recovery during treatment, makes it possible to classify chemotherapy protocols according to their degree of ovarian toxicity, thus making it possible to develop decision trees for FP before and after the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T-shaped uterus (U1 in the ESHRE classification), initially described in case of in-utero exposure to distilbene, is a rare uterine malformation characterized by a small uterine volume associated with an excess of myometrium in the uterine side walls. The gold standard for diagnosing this malformation is 3D ultrasound more or less coupled with sonography. The presence of a U1 uterus is classically associated with decreased fertility and an increased rate of miscarriages. It also appears to be associated with an increased rate of implantation failure in assisted reproduction. Enlargement surgery (or metroplasty), which is performed by hysteroscopy, is the standard treatment. It is not morbid, easy to perform, and gives good anatomical results. The impact of surgery on fertility and obstetric prognosis appears to be positive. Nevertheless, the data in the literature are poor with studies of low level of evidence. No randomized trials have been conducted to date. Based on these data alone, it is therefore difficult to systematically recommend metroplasty in order to improve fertility or the obstetric prognosis. In our opinion, in view of the nonetheless positive results in the literature, each situation must be assessed on a case-by-case basis and surgery may be proposed, especially when no other cause has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]