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This study assesses the impact of mergers and acquisitions on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and market value of acquiring companies operating in India. Data were collected and analyzed from 69 M&A announcements from January 2010 to June 2023, sourced from the Bloomberg database. The analysis reveals a positive correlation between the post-merger market value of acquiring firms and their ESG performance, indicating that an improvement in ESG factors is associated with increased market value after mergers. Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between acquiring companies’ post-merger ESG performance and their target firms’ pre-merger ESG performance. This finding suggests that when acquiring a target firm with high ESG performance, the acquirer is likely to experience an improvement in its own post-merger ESG performance. Moreover, both the post-merger market value and ESG performance of the acquirer are likely to improve with the profitability and size of firms but will have a negative impact based on the leverage components of the acquiring firms.

Purpose – This research aims to examine the impact of RPTs and board of directors' characteristics on the market value of Indian listed banks. Further, this study evaluates the moderation effect of board composition on the association between RPTs banks’ market value. Design/methodology/approach – The sample size consists of 38 banks listed on Bombay stock exchange. The current study is based on secondary data for ten years from 2010 to 2019. Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) was used for estimating the results. Findings – Subsidiary transactions, board of directors' size, composition, diligence, promoters, remuneration and banks' size and leverage have a significant impact on the market value of Indian listed banks. Further, board of directors' composition positively moderates the association between RPTs and banks value measured by Tobin's. Furthermore, corporate governance characteristics have a significant impact on RPTs measured by total RPTs and all subsidiary transactions. Research limitations/implications – This research is limited only to listed banks whose data are available in the ProwessIQ database, which makes it difficult to generalize the findings on other unlisted banks. This research helps policymakers, investors and creditors to categorize RPTs into different groups to identify the harmful and beneficial once to the bank. The findings suggest that policymakers, investors and creditors should not consider all key personal transactions as harmful transactions; instead, the policymakers, investors and creditors should consider all subsidiary transactions as harmful in the absence of independent directors. Originality/value – The present study contributes to the existing literature on RPTs by evaluating the interaction effect of board composition on the association between related party transactions and banks' value. Further, this research focuses on the financing industry; Indian banks, which has not been sufficiently researched in comparison to the non-financing industries.

The purpose of the study is to develop and test in practice the method of analyzing the relationship between the formation of internally generated goodwill and investment attractiveness of an enterprise based on econometric modeling in order to improve the investment management process. Attracting additional investments, both for Slovakia and Ukraine, requires the identification of promising objects of investment. Assessment of enterprise’s potential cannot be accurately performed on the base of financial statements, which reflect only the state of assets. It is necessary to take into account the prospects for development of this business unit in the future, that largely depends on effective functioning of management system. The success of business processes depends on how rationally managers use the resources of the enterprise and form the structure of assets adequate to the demands of the market. The article considers the problem of estimating the value of enterprises in order to attract investments based on internally generated goodwill, and determines the peculiarities of the formation and types of goodwill of a commercial enterprise. As the main research method, canonical correlation modelling was used to analyze data of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises for the period 2017–2020. As a result, the factors responsible for the formation of internally generated goodwill were identified and classified according to their economic nature. Correlation dependencies between groups of initial and resulting coefficients were calculated and the areas of enterprise management that have the greatest impact on the formation of its market value were identified.

The built environment carries an outsized environmental footprint, and aspects such as energy consumption impact the bottom line of commercial real estate (CRE) investors. A large portion of CRE assets are owned and operated by both private equity real estate (PERE) funds and listed property companies (REITs). Therefore, the extent to which these public and private entities integrate sustainability considerations into their investment and operating decisions may impact both the environmental and financial performance for the organizations as well as the environmental performance of the broader market. We provide a comprehensive analysis comparing the sustainability performance of REIT and PERE firms/funds, as well as an analysis of the relationship between sustainability and the financial performance of REITs. Results indicate that private and public CRE entities now seem on par in their integration of sustainability into firm/fund management and policies. However, the performance aspect of sustainability is stronger for REITs. Examination of REIT financial performance indicates that higher levels of sustainability disclosure are associated with enhanced operating performance and firm valuation, as well as a higher propensity for holding environmentally certified buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aims to contribute to the existing business strategy literature by exploring how brand-building activities contribute to the firm's value by analyzing the direct and indirect effect of investment in the brand value chain on brand resonance, profitability, and market value. This study is based on a random sample of 237 Certified European Financial Analysts and a questionnaire was employed. Harman’s single-factor test was conducted to define the presence of common method bias. Hayes Process Macro Model 5 was used to check the multiple mediation processes and indirect effects between the study's variables. The study employs the financial statements of Amazon.com, Inc. from 2010 to 2021 which has been analyzed under the standard multiple regression model. The study results reveal that Harman’s single-factor test extracts 10.397% of the total variance. On the other hand, there are significant positive relationships between the effect of investment in the brand value chain on brand resonance, profitability, and market value. The empirical evidence of this study provides an opportunity to learn about the effect of the investment in the brand value chain leads to increase brand equity which builds up in the customers' mindset and then transforms to market performance and profitability. The findings of this study can be a useful reference for future studies in academic research related to strategic thinking to maximize profitability and market value through the brand value chain.

This study examines the heterogeneous effects of the COVID‐19 outbreak on stock prices in China. We confirm what is already known, that the pandemic has had a significant negative impact on stock market returns. Additionally, we find, this effect is heterogeneous across industries. Second, fear sentiment can directly cause stock prices to fall and panic exacerbates the negative impact of the pandemic on stock returns. Third, and most importantly, we demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of four firm characteristics and find that those with high asset intensity, low labor intensity, high inventory‐to‐revenue ratio, and small market value are more negatively affected than others. For labor‐intensive state‐owned firms, in particular, stock performance worsened because of higher idle labor costs. Finally, we created an index to measure the relative position of an industry in the supply chain, which shows that downstream companies were more vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting next year, the current real estate taxation system will change so that the way of calculating the tax on buildings will be simplified. The most important change that will occur in this regard is the removal from the Fiscal Code of the notion building with mixed use. The tax for buildings with dual use – residential and non-residential – will be determined according to the majority use. The paper aims to highlight the changes brought by Government Ordinance No. 16/2022, as well as the impact of these changes on the business environment from an accounting and fiscal point of view.

The article provide a comprehensive overview of stablecoins, covering their definition, potential benefits, market dynamics, challenges, and their role in the financial system. It emphasizes the issues of maintaining stable values, the risk of instability, and their implications for financial stability, shedding light on concerns related to shadow banking and financial crises.

Based on global 500 companies, this study examines whether the market incorporates the corporations' voluntary carbon emissions disclosures as part of their environmental sustainability efforts, thus increasing their market value. Proxies used to measure the corporations' ecological sustainability efforts include the choice of voluntary carbon disclosures, carbon emissions amounts, carbon intensity, and carbon disclosure quality. During the study period, those companies that chose to disclose their carbon information to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), saw the market value their efforts towards environmental sustainability by increasing their market value. This study also compared the market value of disclosing and non-disclosing firms and found that non-disclosing companies had higher market value than did disclosing firms. However, this relationship was statistically insignificant. This study uses the more extensive data set, extended period, and more robust econometric approach (Difference GMM) and extends the boundaries of accounting research to incorporate environmental-related disclosures. Therefore, this most recent study can provide new insights to researchers, investors, and policymakers in the present context of environmental sustainability and business sustainability.

At European level, in recent years, a tendency of the investors heading towards the real estate sector can be noticed, which, in our opinion, may lead to important structural changes of this market. The changes are mainly determined by the liberalization process of the real estate offer formation method on the investment markets. Thus, the adequate estimation of the value of real estate and the knowledge of its characteristics become more and more important. In this context, this article is important by presenting the adequate techniques and methods for the allocation of the market value of a real estate on its components.

In the present era, sustainable business practices have become an important metric for measuring the organisational effectiveness. Shareholders have added sustainability as an important dimension of firms’ performance and consider it as value relevant for determining the market value of any company. Given the premises, present study examines the impact of CO2 emission on the market value of the firm (measured by market-to-book value ratio and Tobin’s Q ratio) in the context of a developing country. Current study is based on panel data of 230 firm-year observations collected from the annual report of Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and annual report of sample companies. Using panel least square regression analysis, the findings indicate significant adverse impact of CO2 emission on the firm value. In other words, shareholders assign negative value to higher discharge of carbon dioxide and reflect the same by lowering the market value of shares. Further, the results are checked for robustness using generalised method of moments (GMM) and the conclusions are found coinciding. Present findings have important implications for regulatory authorities, policy makers, and practicing managers.

The present study's primary purpose is to investigate the relationship between the company's market value, capital expenditures, value creation, and the product market power of the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study's statistical population consists of 129 companies during 2013-2018. The Combined data method has been used to test the research hypotheses. The Herfindahl–Hirschman, the Lerner, and the Industry-adjusted Lerner Index measure product market power. To measure the company's market value, Maditinos et al. (2011) were used to measure capital expenditures. The model presented in Liao, Lin and Lin, (2016) has been used, and the Pulic Model (2004) to measure value creation. The results show a positive (negative) correlation between the market value of the company and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and Lerner Index (Industry-adjusted Lerner Index). There is a positive (negative) correlation between capital expenditure and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and Lerner Index (Industry-adjusted Lerner Index). The results show a negative (positive) correlation between value creation and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (Lerner Index and Industry-adjusted Lerner Index).

2d 762, 778 (S.D. Ohio 2001) ("The sham transaction doctrine requires the court to examine a challenged transaction as a whole and each element thereof to determine if the substance of the transaction is consistent with its form.) In a September 30, 2021 securities filing, Bausch Health Companies Inc. (Bausch Health) announced that it had received an IRS notice of proposed adjustment (NOPA) disallowing a 2017 capital loss. [Extracted from the article]

The value relevance of non-financial reporting is a topic of interest in the academic literature, the results of empirical research being often contradictory. In this context, the research objective is analysing the extent to which the disclosure of non-financial information related to sustainable development in the contents of sustainability reports published by companies listed on the regulated market of the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) is influencing their market value. To conduct the analysis, the present study involves the application of multiple linear regression models developed based on the Ohlson (1995) model for a sample of 34 companies listed on BSE between 2015-2019, forming a number of 166 firm-year observations. The research methodology is based on the association between the firm market value and its equity book value, as well as its net income and other relevant information. Therefore, the value relevance is investigated through their impact on the market value. The findings emphasise an increase in relevance in terms of the influence exerted on the market value of capital as a result of reporting on sustainability issues. Moreover, the study highlights an increase in the impact of equity book value and net income on firms’ market value in the period after the adoption of Directive 2014/95/EUD (2017-2019), compared to the previous period (2015-2016). This research complements the literature in the field of sustainability reporting and value relevance, providing empirical evidence on the importance of publishing non-financial information in relation to their market value impact.

Purpose – This study will examine the impact of cash dividends on the market value of banks listed in Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging countries during the period 2000–2015. Design/methodology/approach – The current study adopts residual income approach based on Ohlson's (1995) valuation model. By testing different statistical techniques, fixed effect is applied on panel data for (144) banks listed on 11 MENA stock markets over the period 2000–2015. Furthermore, additional tests are applied to confirm the primary results. Findings – The analysis reveals that current dividend payouts and dividend yield do not provide information relevant to the establishment of market values in MENA emerging markets; thus, they have no material impact on MENA banks' market values. This lack of current dividend payment effect is consistent with Miller and Modigliani (1961) dividend irrelevance assumption: there is no evidence of either an informational or real cash inflow effect of current dividend payments. The findings of this study can be attributed to the fact that MENA banks may be forced to place more emphasis on allocating money for investment instead of paying dividends given them they are subject to liquidity requirements for investment, expansion, general operations and compliance with regulations. Only after all these financial needs are covered can the remaining surplus be distributed as cash dividends. Therefore, cash dividends represent earnings residual rather than an active decision variable that impacts a firm's market value. This is consistent with the residual dividend hypothesis, which is the crux of Miller and Modigliani (1996) irrelevance theory of dividends. Research limitations/implications – The current study is restricted to a sample of one type of financial firms, banks, because of the problem of missing data and limited information related to other financial firms for the same period. Therefore, further research could be additional types of financial firms such as insurance firms that play a vital role in MENA emerging economies. Practical implications – The results of this study have some important implications for banks' dividend policymakers. Dividend policymakers in MENA emerging markets seem to follow residual dividend policy, in which they distribute dividends according to what is left over after all acceptable investment opportunities have been undertaken. This makes for inconsistent and unstable dividend policy trends, making it difficult for investors to predict future dividend decisions. Further, this practice may deliver information to shareholders about a lack of positive future investment opportunities, and this may negatively affect the share value of banks. Originality/value – This study is the first of its kind – up to the author's knowledge – that examines a large cross-country sample of MENA banks (144) to cover a long time period in the recent past, and, more importantly, after the banking sector in the region has experienced major transformations during last two decades. In addition, most of the MENA region countries included in this study, namely, banks, operate in tax-free environments (there are neither taxes on dividends nor on capital gains). This feature adds complexity to the ongoing dividend debate.

Institutional investors have contributed to the development of capital markets in transition economies, including Poland's. Since they leverage detailed fundamental analysis and actively seek the highest possible returns on investments, their decisions are expected to be accurate and are observed carefully, often treated as signals for other investors to follow. As a result, the market valuations of target companies are expected to increase. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the presence of institutional investors in the ownership structure coexists with a higher market valuation of a listed company. The estimation of a panel model with fixed effects (681 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, WSE, between 2014 and 2018) indicates that a higher share of institutional investors in the ownership structure coexists with a higher Price to Book Value (PB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The implementation of EU directives in national legislations imposes an obligation to monitor energy efficiency in every sector of the economy, including construction. In the era of energy conservation, which results from environmental requirements, as well as from constantly increasing energy prices, the energy consumption of premises and buildings becomes an important prerequisite for decision-making processes in the real estate market. There have also been changes in the provisions of the Act on Real Estate Management, which impose an obligation on the professional group of property appraisers to incorporate energy performance certificates for buildings and premises into the valuation process. Energy intensity in terms of the demand for heating of multi-family residential buildings will be the basis for the assessment of its impact on the market value of residential units.

The signifcance of the evaluation of the logistical base of agricultural enterprises in the accounting system is revealed in the article. Research methods have been described and alternative approaches to inventory valuation by national and international accounting standards have been investigated, and it has been identifed that there are some inconsistencies in the formation of inventory values at the date of receipt, disposal and balance sheet date. The main features of organization of accounting of land plots in agricultural enterprises are established. To determine the value of the land previously used by the enterprise (for example, on certifcates of ownership and use), we propose to use in the current accounting the estimated value of the land, which is based on the regulatory monetary valuation, determined by differential rental income. It has been found that an integral part of a biological transformation is the assessment of changes in a biological asset, which includes measuring and controlling changes in quality (fat content, protein, fber strength, etc.) or quantity (breeding, weight, etc.). In the course of the research it is determined that the process of accounting and valuation of biological assets at fair value should include such steps as: defning biological assets as an object of accounting according to their classifcation; specifcation of biological assets by species, cultures, rocks and other defning features; active market research and price information and technical and economic information collection; selection of biological asset valuation methodology; the calculation of the fair value of biological assets in accordance with the methodology adopted. An examination of the IFRS 13 "Fair Value Measurement for the measurement of biological assets at fair value" has shown that it should be made from the perspective of all market participants and the market environment should be assigned to the entities themselves. This will take into account the differences that exist between them, as they differ not only in terms of quality but also in the types of economic activity. In order to improve the investment attractiveness of enterprises, it is advisable to evaluate agricultural organizations' land resources according to International Accounting Standards, which provide for fair value. Valuation of assets and liabilities at this cost will increase the transparency of the fnancial statements and the reliability of the information on the fnancial and economic activities of the entity. In addition, in the analysis of fnancial and economic activity of enterprises of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy, a real assessment of land resources will have a positive impact on the normative indicators of liquidity and fnancial stability, which is especially important in the conditions of fnancial crisis and growing need for investment.

Financial ratios analysis is considered among the most widely used tools for evaluating the performance of companies and investments. In this regard, ROA and ROE ratios are among the most important criterias. This study seeks evidence about the role of market capitalization in the relationship between return on assets and return on equity with Stock prices and is compared with their book value. This study was conducted on 136 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008-2016. In order to test hypotheses, we used of 8 multivariate regression. The results indicate that both of ratios with book value and market value have a significant and positive relationship with stock prices; But the strength of this relationship is not the same, market value has more strongest relation than book value, return on assets can explain the stock price changes alone and about 66% and Combined return on assets to book value and return on equity to market value have strongest correlation with the stock price changes.

In financial markets, investors have sought to make rational investment decisions with advanced technology and information from various sources. This has changed the way investors view companies in recent years. With the understanding of the importance of the company's value, the criteria related with the value of many companies have been developed by the consulting companies and the academicians. At the beginning of these criteria is the economic Value Added-EVA criterion. In this study, it is aimed to develop a model consisting of performance criteria related to the Economic added values of companies and to present a model that can be used by anyone interested in the value of the company and to give a new perspective to the literature. Panel data analysis method was used in the study. The data of the models to be tested in the study were provided from the data of 33 Holdingcompanies traded in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) between 2009 and 2018. The Economic added value of the model created as a result of the study was determined to be limited in the statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether there was an impact in relation to the events of corruption and fraud in the valuation of the company Petrobras. Relevance: The relevance of this study is to reinforce the economic and financial importance in the process of valuing companies, in order to direct the decisions of stakeholders and shareholders themselves in an unfavorable environment and also to motivate new work in the process of valuing companies and value-based management. This survey can be used as a compact guide for comparing the various valuation metrics in the estimation of value, based on one of the largest companies in the oil segment with events of corruption and fraud. These valuation models are used by many analysts, investment firms and institutions at a highly detailed level, in order to determine the fairest value of a company for the purposes of mergers, divisions and acquisitions, company dissolution, company liquidation, investments and performance evaluation of managers. These demands imply decisions that determine the continuity or discontinuity of an investment or business. Result: As a result, there was a discrepancy in the models analyzed, although some models followed the same downward or upward trend. The Market Value and Book Equity methods were the ones that came closest, suggesting that Petrobras has low Goodwill, and that the price formed by the market is close to its book value. Each method has its limitations, as well as some evaluations have a certain degree of subjectivity, as they deal with expectations, as in the case of scenarios designed for the FDC or CFF model, due to incorporating subjective assumptions and hypotheses. It is noteworthy that the value of the company Petrobras, in the multiple dimensions of valuation, had an impact of deterioration due to fraud, corruption and other setbacks in the management of the business, such as low operational efficiency, high concentration of indebtedness and a continuous system of divestments, which is in line with the company's planning. Conclusion: there is no more correct or more assertive valuation metric in its entirety, but a directional parameter, which should be used as a basis for decision making concurrently with other indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the extent to which the appointment of employees to the board of directors influences market perceptions of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Using a sample of French firms listed on the SBF 120 index from 2007 to 2017, we find that investors react positively to ESG performance but negatively to the presence of employees on the board. Importantly, our results document a negative relationship between ESG performance and market value for firms with employee directors on the board. A more fine-grained examination of ESG pillars shows that when employees are appointed to the board, neither social nor environmental and governance performance are financially rewarded by market participants. Our findings suggest the potential existence of a major conflict of interest between employees and shareholders stemming from the presence of employees on the board. We suggest that, when employees are appointed to the board, high ESG performance may indicate a possible alliance between managers and employees that counterbalances the dominance of shareholders on the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Management Journal is the property of Istanbul Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-levered firms have serious concerns related to avoiding covenant violations and meeting the needs of their creditors. Accounting information of those firms should be less value relevant for market participants. Based on a sample of Turkish listed firms over 2009–2018, we analyse whether the value relevance of accounting information is significantly lower for high-levered firms. For this purpose, we group observations with no net debt and divide the rest into quintiles based on leverage levels. We conclude that the value relevance of both earnings and book value of equity is lower for the high-levered quintile than the rest. Moreover, the value relevance of earnings is moderated more than the value relevance of book value of equity for the high-levered quintile. Last, book value of equity is more dominant in the valuation of the high-levered quintile than the valuation of the rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Dananeer is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Dananeer is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The assets of a business entity that is subject to bankruptcy proceedings form bankruptcy estate. The correct assessment of its value is a necessary pre-condition to save time and cost effective bankruptcy proceedings. The article presents the valuation methods applied in Poland for assets consisting of real estate and movables that collectively constitute the bankruptcy estate. The main objective of this study is to assess the reliability and efficiency of the appraisals of book, market and forced sale value in relation to the possibility of correct estimation of funds obtained from the sale of individual assets in the course of liquidation proceedings. The article presents the results of a study conducted in 15 intentionally selected enterprises in bankruptcy operating on the territory of Lubelskie Voivodeship in Poland. It offers the analysis of applied valuation methods and the description of specific conditions of sale of bankrupt entity’s assets in accordance with legal regulations and applied practices. In particular, it compares the differences in the value of the examined assets determined by different methods and identifies the reasons for these differences. The most important conclusion of the study is the fact that neither the market value nor the book value allow for reliable estimation of the revenues that could be obtained from the sale of the bankruptcy estate, which makes it impossible to determine the probable level of satisfaction of creditors’ claims. The specific nature of sale under bankruptcy justifies the use of the forced sale value despite difficulties connected with its estimation. The basic recommendation is the necessity to supplement the valuation report with the estimation of the forced sale value along with the comprehensive description of the algorithm of its calculation.

This study examines the effect of corporate social environmental disclosure (CSED) on the market value of eighty-four (84) listed firms in Nigeria, which were purposively selected from the period 2011 to 2016. The aggregate of (CSED) were regressed on Market Value (Tobin’s Q), while Firm size, financial performance, board size, leverage, affiliation to foreign company and industry type were factored in as extraneous variables. Data were obtained through content analysis of annual reports of sampled firms and were analysed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The result of the descriptive analysis showed that the mean score for the CSED is above average and the standard deviation for almost all the variables is low which indicated that the deviation of the actual data from their mean is not significant. The OLS result revealed that CSED, firm size, financial performance, affiliation with foreign company and industry type have significant effect on the market value of firms, while Board size and leverage do not significantly influence the market value of firms. The study recommends that firms should disclose information on their environmental performance as a way of adding value.

Introduction. The issue of highlighting methodological approaches, methods, and peculiarities of the estimation of movable property of cultural value remains relevant for the study of many Ukrainian scientists. In the article on the example of icons there were investigated the factors that affect the market value of icons, and a general overview of the cultural heritage market, principles for assessing cultural values, etc. The scientific novelty of the results is to summarize the experience of evaluating movable things that make up cultural value, for example, icons. Results. In general, the formation of prices in the market of antiques or cultural values is quite complex and contradictory process. And this is not surprising, because the diversity of cultural values determines their value, while the number of factors influencing their pricing and value is countless. So, for the icons, the main pricing factors are the plot, author or school, antiquity, material value, etc. We consider it expedient to highlight the following most common factors that affect the cost of virtually all movable objects that can be classified as "cultural valuables": conservation; age of subject; cultural and historical significance; history of possession, signature, dating; profile of the object for collections; time and place of manufacture, school; thematic and ethnic belonging; memorial; performance technique; size; affiliation to a particular historical epoch, personal history of this subject or its author; presence of positive auction sales; assessment of critics, participation in international projects; the correlation of supply and demand in the market of cultural values. Conclusions. Thus, the problem of evaluating icons is a very significant problem in the modern system of valuation activities. On the one hand, the icon, like many other cultural values, has become a fairly common subject of investment activity, and therefore there is a compulsory need for their evaluation; on the other hand, there is currently no common methodology for estimating not only icons but antiques in general. In general, it can be noted that the main approach to estimating icons as cultural values is a comparative approach. However, the methodology for evaluating such specific objects as cultural values needs further development.

The major aim of this paper is to compare relationships of comprehensive income and net income with selected market ratios (market capitalization, market value to book value ratios) in companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange included in WIG30 Index (qualified on 01.03.2018). Empirical data was obtained from the Thomson Reuters database (the period from 2009 to 2016). The research comprised relationships between incomes in the reporting period and selected market ratios, relatively for the reporting period and the next period. The research method was the regression analysis conducted by means of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and by four regression models in two versions. The research revealed a diversity of values of comprehensive income, as opposed to net income, and diverse relationships between these categories. They do not confirm the superiority of comprehensive income over net income.

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we explore the relationship between a firm's environmental policies and their risk-adjusted stock returns, using a sample of stock exchange-listed Australian firms over the period of 2010--2018. We observed a positive and statistically significant relationship suggesting that a firm's environmental policies partially explain their stock performance. Moreover, we found that investors in the Australian market significantly value a companies' efforts to reduce emissions, and that this primarily drives the investors' observed reaction to a firm's social corporate policies. Next, we formed portfolios and observed that portfolios formed on high environmental, social, and governance (ESG) Environmental Pillar scores consistently outperformed those formed on low-ESG Environmental Pillar scores. Overall, our results lend support to the notion that investors in the Australian market value information about a firm's social policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Analyze whether the relevance of accounting information, in relation to market value, has different characteristics in companies in the construction and real estate development segment compared to entities in other segments. Methodology: The time window of the survey covered the period from 2011 to 2017, with the final sample consisting of 182 companies listed on the Bovespa, of which 20 are from the civil construction and real estate development sector. Regression was estimated with data in a fixed effects panel based on the econometric model developed by Barth, Clinch and Israeli (2016). Results: The results show that, in relation to companies that are not in the civil construction segment, the market attributes relevance to all accounting variables present in the model. Regarding companies in the civil construction and real estate development sector, the results provide statistical evidence that, in relation to market value, the accounting numbers of entities in the civil construction and real estate development sector have different informational relevance than Brazilian entities from the others. segments. The results also indicate that the specific revenue recognition methods adopted by the civil construction and development sector reflect the relevance of their accounting numbers in relation to the companies' market value. Contributions of the Study: The study contributes to the current literature by analyzing the informational power of financial reporting in a specific sector. The results contribute to the professionals who prepare the financial statements because it signals the need to improve information quality. It also signals to the standardizing agents that the standards aimed specifically at these sectors, may be reducing the information quality of the financial statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Contabilidade, Gestao E Governanca is the property of Revista Contabilidade, Gestao E Governanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we investigate the valuation of dynamic fund protections under the assumption that the market value of the basic fund and the protection level follow regime-switching processes with jumps. The price of the dynamic fund protection (DFP) is associated with the Laplace transform of the first passage time. We derive the explicit formula for the Laplace transform of the DFP under the regime-switching, hyper-exponential jump-diffusion process. By using the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm, we present some numerical results for the price of the DFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate sustainability implies a broad perspective that suggests the creation of value for stakeholders and requires developing some commitments at the economic, social, environmental and governance levels. Measurement of the level of corporate sustainability occurs via different tools, with sustainable rankings being one of the most popular instruments. However, the impact of these indicators on the market value is controversial. Consequently, our aim is to analyse the influence of the level of sustainability on the market value of a set of companies. To do so, we isolate the impact of the sustainability factor from other series of effects related to the general evolution of financial markets. We have used the information contained in a sustainable ranking: the medal display table provided by RobecoSAM. Our results reveal that investors do not equivalently value the different movements and marks derived from participation in a sustainability ranking.

The share of the tax on real estate, other than land plots, in tax revenues of local budgets in Ukraine is much lower than in other countries around the world. The aim of the article is to identify, on the basis of analysis of the world experience in real estate taxation, the problems related to the small share of the tax on real estate, other than land plots, in local budget revenues in Ukraine, and to find possible solutions to them. The carried out analysis of the significance of the tax on real estate, other than land plots, in tax revenues of local budgets and in the group of property taxes in countries of the world revealed that the real estate tax is an important source of financial resources at the local level in many foreign countries. The expediency of levying the tax on real estate is justified. Approaches to the establishment of the real estate base are described; their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. The powers of local self-government bodies to define the tax base, establish tax rates and privileges are characterized. Features of the Ukrainian system of taxation of real estate, other than land plots, are given. There estimated the amount of the tax on real estate, other than land plots, in the tax revenues of local budgets in Ukraine. It is revealed that the incompleteness of the State Register of Rights to Real Estate, the lack of a tax base close to the market value and the political will of local governments on enhancing measures to increase revenues from real the estate tax are the main reasons for the insignificant role of revenues from the real estate taxation in tax revenues of local budgets in Ukraine. The proposed ways to increase revenues to local budgets from the real estate taxation by taking inventory of all real estate and making changes in the mechanism of tax administration, in particular, the tax base and rates.

This study presents the results of an empirical study analysis about the impact of intellectual capital on corporatevalue. The aim of this study is to identify the direction for research development dealing with the impact of intellectual capital on business value, financial performance indicators, and the indicators that reflect the state of the individual components and subcomponents of intellectual capital. This study used general scientific methods such as comparison, deduction, induction and analysis. Based on the results of the literature review, it was shown that when developing a model for assessing the impact of intellectual capital on business value and the performance indicators of business activities, it is necessary to include the factors that describe the state of all the components and subcomponents of intellectual capital, as well as the synergis-tic effects caused by the interaction of the individual components of intellectual capital. In addition, it makes sense to include the factors that describe the state of the components of intellectual capital for prior periods of time in the model.At the present time, there is also a need for research on the evaluation of the mutual influence of the individual com-ponents and subcomponents of intellectual capital. In order to identify the industry specificity of the influence of the intellectual capital components on business value, the developed models should be tested separately using data of com-panies from different industries. When carrying out the analysis, it is important to take into account the factors related to the company’s external environment, such as the level of economic development of the country in which the company operates, as well as fluctuations in economic activity.

The paper aims to clarify the role of earnings management in the relationship between accruals and the market value of companies. Previous studies suggest that some managers, for providing a desirable image of their performance, manage their profits through distorting cash or accruals. Consequently, investors rely on this information and estimate inaccurate stability of accruals which lead to mispricing phenomenon. Finally, the returns earned by the investors will not be equal to the expected return and thus the accrual anomaly will be created.To this aim, two hypotheses were developed and three regression models were applied to analyze the data. To analyze and estimate the models employed, the financial information of 110 companies listed on the stock exchange between years 2008 to 2014 is used. A selective approach to test the hypotheses is studying cross-sectional data.After conducting statistical tests, the results showed that discretionary accruals through which earnings management is done are improperly valued by the market, but the issue is not applicable regarding the non-discretionary accruals. Based on the close relationship between earnings management and discretionary accruals it can be found that earnings management can have an effect on the relationship between accruals and market value.

In the age of modern accounting, the era where income information is viewed to be no longer the main information that investor seeks, income smoothing is proven to be still existing. This study aims to find why income smoothing (IS) still exists in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) by analyzing its effect on the market performance (MP). The study divides MP into three perspectives: market response is representing current investor; market risk (MR) is representing potential investor; and market value (MV) is representing the management. Purposive sampling method is applied in this study and 65 companies are examined throughout 2011–2013.Using three models to analyze each of the relation, the results shows that IS only significantly affects the MP of companies in the aspect of market response, while the other aspects, MR and MV, yield insignificant results.

For investment decisions is developed larger number of mathematical models. The model has two parts, the function of the criteria and system limitations. Function criterion represents a special way, the aim sought to be achieved by solving problems. Since it expresses the quality of the individual solutions, it serves as a measure of comparison in choosing the best solution. The system consists of a quantitative restriction limiting factors expressed in the functioning of the economic system. These restrictions are a result of limited resources or other characteristics of the system. The system limits determine the scope of permissible solutions rešavanog problems. Mathematical models represent an important and useful tool in determining the price of shares in the context of investment decisions.

In corporate valuation, it is common to assume either passive or active debt management. However, it is questionable whether these pure financing policies reflect the real financing policies of firms with a sufficient degree of accuracy. This shortcoming has led to the development of mixed financing strategies as combinations of pure financing strategies. Whereas hybrid financing is directly linked to the two-phase model, it is unclear how to apply discontinuous financing in such a setting. In this study, according to the two versions of hybrid financing, we analyze the implementation of discontinuous financing in a two-phase model. Thereby, we present a simpler and more intuitive derivation of the valuation equation for discontinuous financing to increase its acceptance and its use for corporate valuation practice. Moreover, we compare the different mixed financing strategies with each other theoretically, and we conduct simulations to elucidate the impact on market values and the sensitivities of input parameters. The study concludes that the presented mixed financing strategies can help in the attempt to reflect the real financing behavior of firms more accurately and, therefore, constitute a valuable alternative to pure financing strategies for valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper attempts to provide some preliminary evidence of possible implementation outcome of the use of fair value option for non-financial assets in the U.S. The characteristics of foreign-listed firms in the U.S. Stock Exchanges who use fair value (revaluation) option for measurement and reporting of property, plant and equipment (PPE) are examined. These firms already use the standard without being required to provide reconciliation to the U.S. GAAP. But only 38 of 232 firms choose to report their assets at fair value. As such, the revaluation model is not very popular among the cross-listed firms and the majority of these firms do not choose the option. We test for differences between adopters and non-adopters using leverage ratios, the intensity of PPE, firm size in terms of sales, market value, and total assets and profitability ratios. Our results show that those who adopt the fair value model for PPE (revaluers) have fundamentally different economic characteristics. We find that larger firms with higher value of PPE, and a higher ratio of the total amount of property, plant, and equipment to total assets are more likely to revalue their long-term assets. Our Probit and Factor analyses further show that larger firms with higher debt ratios (e.g., debt-to-equity), are more likely to adopt the PPE revaluation model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper uses pre-offer market valuations to evaluate the misvaluation and Q theories of takeovers. Bidder and target valuations (price-to-book, or price-to-residual-income-model-value) are related to means of payment, mode of acquisition, premia, target hostility, offer success, and bidder and target announcement-period returns. The evidence is broadly consistent with both hypotheses. The evidence for the Q hypothesis is stronger in the pre-1990 period than in the 1990--2000 period, whereas the evidence for the misvaluation hypothesis is stronger in the 1990--2000 period than in the pre-1990 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]