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Using renewable energy sources and substituting fossil fuels is imperative to promote ecological wellbeing and achieve a net-zero carbon ecosystem. This also requires the support of financial intermediaries who would look for incentives to expedite clean financing. This study assesses if there are benefits for the banking firms while they lend to the firms that engage in renewable sources. The research employs an exhaustive data set of banks in BRICS between 2011 and 2021 and evaluates the impact of renewable lending on banking performance. The results demonstrate that an increase in renewable lending improves the spread, and the results remained robust after controlling for exogenous variables and various proxies of performance. The findings imply that there are clear incentives for the banks that can help achieve the sustainability goals. There are important fiscal implications for regulators and central banks regarding credit risk and capital charges. [Display omitted] • For a net-zero carbon ecosystem, renewable energy should replace fossil fuels. • The study assess whether financing to renewable energy sources is helpful to banks. • The study employ an exhaustive dataset of banks in BRICS from 2011 to 2021. • Our results demonstrate that an increase in renewable lending improves the spread. • This suggests that banks have clear incentives to help achieve sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sample authorization for direct deposit and split deposit via Automated clearing house (ACH) (ACH Credit) is presented.

The article focuses on the history of the Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network. Topics include ACH Network allowed a financial institution in one geographic region to originate and/ or receive entries from an ACH Operator in another geographic region; and an ACH Operator processed entries on a local basis, serving the depository financial institutions in its geographic area of responsibility.

The article examines that the Third-Party Service Provider is an organization other than an Originator, Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI), or Receiving Depository Financial Institution (RDFI) that performs a function of Automated clearing house (ACH) processing on behalf of the Originator, the ODFI or the RDFI. It mentions use of a Third-Party Service Provider can greatly enhance the origination and receiving capabilities of the ODFI and RDFI.

The article examines that the Nacha Operating Rules require each Participating Depository Financial Institution that transmits or receives ACH entries to pay an annual fee and a per-entry fee to cover costs associated with the administration of the ACH Network. Topics include reports that financial institutions are required to report and Nacha collects directly the per-entry fees for ACH entries not sent through the ACH Operators but that are sent as part of direct send or "on-we" arrangements.

The article focuses on automated clearing house (ACH) transactions involving third-party senders and other payment intermediaries in ACH operations and how ACH transactions should be identified for consumers. It mentions National Automated Clearing House Association rule change became effective on March 21, 2014 that revised the definition of a Third-Party Sender. It also mentions several scenarios involving payment intermediaries such as payroll processing.

The article focuses on notifications of change for Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) and prenotification is a Non-Monetary entry transmitted through the automated clearing house (ACH) Network by an Originator to receiving depository financial institution (RDFI). It mentions Originator must fulfill all other requirements relating to prenotifications as provided for within the Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association.

The article focuses on Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) under National Automated Clearing House Association of Operating Rules permit Originators to transmit automated clearing house (ACH) credit and debit entries to demand accounts and savings accounts at an receiving depository financial institution (RDFI). It mentions Rules also permit Originators to transmit both credit and debit entries to financial institutions' general ledger accounts to loan accounts.

The article focuses on Originators and Return and Dishonored Return Entries for Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) initiated into the automated clearing house ACH Network. It mentions codes are unique in that entries returned with the codes can be re-originated through the ACH Network. It also mentions Originators should note that National Automated Clearing House Association Operating Rules impose a limit on the number of times that an entry returned for insufficient funds.

The article focuses on relationship of Originators with Receiver and Authorization Requirements of Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI). It mentions corporate application could include the processing of payment related data and authorization requirements specified within the rules address the minimum requirements needed for authorization of various types of automated clearing house (ACH) entries.

The article discusses audit controls include both administrative and internal accounting controls of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) in the automated clearing house (ACH) networks. It mentions Internal accounting controls increase the reliability of financial records and ODFI to identify which individuals are responsible for ACH functions. It also mentions ODFIs are required by the National Automated Clearing House Association Operating Rules to perform due diligence.

The article discusses Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) has the right to dishonor the return under certain circumstances and automated clearing house (ACH) network supports the capability to return entries for specific reasons. It mentions Rules provide for an Unauthorized Entry Fee to be charged to an ODFI for each debit entry. It also mentions ODFIs may need to perform additional due diligence with respect to Third-Party Sender customers.

The article discusses processing requirements of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) and relationship with automated clearing house (ACH) Operator in the proper format. It mentions Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) permit Originators to transmit ACH credit and debit entries to demand accounts. It also mentions Nacha Operating Rules also impose specific data security requirements for all ACH transactions.

The article discusses Direct Access registration of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) of automated clearing house (ACH) Network which involves a separation of control and responsibility. It mentions level of due diligence performed by an ODFI, the ODFI remains responsible for those customers and for the entries. It also mentions credit relationships, such as for direct deposit of payroll which may include an offsetting corporate debit entry.

The article discusses risk management of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) of automated clearing house (ACH) Network and the Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association. It mentions ODFI must comply with security requirements aimed at protecting the security and integrity of certain ACH data throughout its life cycle. It also mentions due diligence should be risk-based since the threats to the security of confidential ACH information.

The article discusses warranties and indemnifications of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) of automated clearing house (ACH) Network under Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association. It mentions ODFI's potential liability under the rules for a breach of warranty is limited only by the statute of limitations for breach of contract claims under the applicable state law and point-of-sale entries (POS).

The article discusses general rules related to automated clearing house (ACH) network. It mentions rules require all participating depository financial institution (DFI) conduct a risk assessment of their ACH activities, to implement risk management programs based on the results of such assessments. It also mentions Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association permit ACH participants to obtain and retain ACH records and electronic signatures and records.

The article discusses U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) requirements and obligations for automated clearing house (ACH) network. It mentions OFAC administers economic sanctions and embargo programs against target countries and OFAC responsibilities for a financial institution vary depending. It also mentions OFAC programs that fall under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association.

The article presents an overview of automated clearing house (ACH) network which is a batch processing system and ACH transactions are transmitted electronically between financial institutions through data transmission. It mentions Automated Clearing House (ACH) Operator is a central clearing facility that receives entries from Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI). It also mentions ACH credit transactions involve both consumer and corporate payments.

The article offers information on automated clearing house (ACH) rules enforcement procedures for national system of fines. It mentions rules enforcement proceeding may be conducted by the National Automated Clearing House Association in response to an ACH rules violation, including a breach of warranty under these rules, filed against a Participating depository financial institution (DFI). It also mentions informational copy will be forwarded to the local Federal Reserve Bank.

The article offers information on rules framed by the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) related to originating depository financial institution (ODFI) reporting requirements to NACHA. It mentions that ODFI needs to provide following information to NACHA such as the identification of the automated clearing houses (ACH) Operator through which each Direct Access Debit Participant Transmits Entries and ODFI's routing number.

The article offers information on rules framed by the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) related to specific provisions for accounts receivable entry (ARC) entries. It mentions that an Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) must perform, or ensure that its Originator or Third-Party Sender performs, the requirements of Subsection 2.5.1.2 (Authorization of automated clearing house (ARC) Entries by Notification).

In the past decade, the U.S. economy has witnessed a tremendous surge in the usage of electronic payment processing services and an increased importance of the firms that provide these services. In this paper, we estimate scale economies, scope economies, and technical change in the Federal Reserve's provision of payments processing from 1990 to 2000. We find considerable scale economies and evidence of some scope economies for the provision of automated clearinghouse, Fedwire, and Book-Entry services no matter whether we specify a separable quadratic or a translog cost function. In addition, we find that disembodied technical change also contributed to the overall reduction in costs throughout the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on objective of the National System of Fines is to maintain the continued quality of Automated clearing house (ACH) services by promoting compliance by Participating development finance institutions (DFIs) with the Rules. It mentions the National System of Fines does not provide a means for Participating DFIs to recoup funds lost as a result of a violation of the Rules; and National System of Fines can be used to report an alleged violation of the provisions of the Rules.

The article examines that the Destroyed Check Entries (XCK) allow the Automated clearing house (ACH) to be used by a collecting financial institution to collect certain checks that have been destroyed or lost checks damaged such that processable images cannot be made, and check images that are unprocessable. Topics include A Destroyed Check Entry is not considered a truncated check but is, instead, a separate ACH entry initiated in place of the lost, destroyed or unprocessable check.

The article presents the reversal of duplicate file in the ACH Network. Topics include an entire file or a number of batches constituting a segment of a file; all data within the two files being exactly the same like effective entry dates, trace numbers, and dollar amounts; and reversing entry being transmitted to the RDFI within five banking days of the settlement of the erroneous entry.

The article presents the development finance institution (DFI) establishing a formal relationship with an ACH Operator. Topics include RDFI informing the ACH Operator of the Receiving Points for file delivery; ODFI providing information to the ACH Operator identifying the source from which files of entries being originated into the ACH Network; and placing the routing number of the RDFI in the originating DFI identification field in the company.

The article offers the information on prenotification which being a non-monetary entry transmitting through the ACH Network by an Originator to an RDFI. Topics include receiving in any ACH file on any day with live entries or non-monetary entries; RDFI processing prenotifications immediately upon receipt as these are non-dollar entries having no accounting impact; and verifying the accuracy of the account number for all prenotification entries.

The article focuses on relationship with originators for Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) including through Direct Access, and acts on behalf of an Originator or another Third-Party Sender with automated clearing house (ACH) Network. It mentions ACH data security under the Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association. It also mentions warranties of indemnifications by Third- Party Senders.

The article focuses on reversals and reclamations at Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) and entry or file of entries has been transmitted into the automated clearing house (ACH) Network. It mentions File reversals may be originated to correct a duplicated file or an erroneous file as required by the Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association. It also mentions reclamation entry or written demand for payment.

The article discusses reversals and reclamations of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) and requests for return to automated clearing house (ACH) network. It mentions Originator must make a reasonable attempt to notify the Receiver of and the reason for the reversing entry no later than the Settlement Date of the reversing entry under Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association.

The article discusses notifications of change at Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) which is Non-Monetary entry transmitted through the automated clearing house (ACH) network by an Originator to an receiving depository financial institution (RDFI). It mentions prenotification process provides some protection to the ODFI and Originator against a breach of this warranty under Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association.

The article discusses relationship of Originating Depository Financial Institutions (ODFIs) which is plays a pivotal role in the automated clearing house (ACH) Network and bears full responsibility for entries it originates. It mentions ODFI fully understand its responsibilities and liabilities as an ODFI under the Operating Rules of National Automated Clearing House Association. It also mentions rules require ODFIs of credit entries subject to Article 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code.

The article discusses legal framework of automated clearing house (ACH) network. It mentions Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) and Receiving depository financial institution (RDFI) that transmits entries through the ACH Network that binds it to the National Automated Clearing House Association Operating Rules. It also mentions Federal Reserve Board's Regulation D imposes reserve requirements and implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA).

The article presents information related to automated clearing house (ACH) file structure. It mentions that National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA)-sanctioned formats are permitted, as specified by the Addenda Type Code; and the Trace Number identifies the originating depository financial institution (ODFI). It also mentions about NACHA endorsed banking convention Credits and Payment Related information.

The article offers information on rules framed by the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) related to receiving depository financial institutions (RDFI's) right to transmit return entries. It mentions that an RDFI needs to transmit a return entry to its automated clearing house (ACH) operator by the ACH Operator's deposit deadline for the Return Entry to be made available to the originating depository financial institution ODFI.

The article offers information on rules framed by the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) related to rights and responsibilities of receiving depository financial institution (RDFIs). It mentions that the entry may be transmitted through the automated clearing house (ACH) and an RDFI authorizes and instructs each automated clearing house (ACH) operator to provide to the National Association Designated Data.

The article offers information on rules framed by the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) which focuses on sections like authorizations and notices with Respect to Consumer Accounts, Electronic Authorizations and notice by originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) to Originator for Non-Consumer Credit Entries. It mentions an entry needs to be transmitted through the automated clearing houses (ACH).

Increased competition on the market, as well as the eff ects of the global crisis put the vendors in a position to grant all their customers longer payment terms. Even with the extending of terms for payments, customers are not able to carry them out causing the insolvency of many legal entities. Factoring as a specific and alternative form of fi nancing is one of the solutions to this problem that provides the ability to sell receivables to specialized fi nancial institution-factor. When using factoring, all of its advantages and disadvantages have to be taken into consideration. It is necessary to analyze the cost of factoring and decide whether to proceed or not with this arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the crisis in euro area government bond markets reflects the same kind of stability challenges financial intermediaries face when confronted with a negative macroeconomic shock without having access to a lender of last resort. Nineteenth-century US banks operated under such a framework and used clearing houses in times of crisis as a co-insurance mechanism against contagious runs. Their experience provides valuable lessons for the ongoing reform efforts in the euro area. The analysis reveals that most of the instruments clearing houses used in the joint production of confidence are similar to the ones euro area governments have recently decided upon, such as the establishment of the European Financial Stability Facility. This suggests that the euro area crisis response has followed best private-sector practices of crisis management. However, inherent fragilities of co-insurance mechanisms as well as the long maturity and elusive quality of government debt present a challenge in designing a sustainable solution to the crisis without compromising on the original goal of euro area governance: ensuring sound fiscal policies as a prerequisite for maintaining price stability. To meet this challenge a substantially more comprehensive economic and political union might be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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As time marches forward, more and more financial institutions are moving their Automated Clearing House (ACH) origination offerings from PC-based to web-based platforms. With the emergence of high-speed internet service and remote working arrangements, most businesses have welcomed this shift. So is this the end of the line for PC-based ACH origination, or are there still compelling reasons for companies to use non-web-based ACH solutions? To explore this question, this paper begins by reviewing PC-based and web-based ACH origination, explaining how they have evolved and noting each method's advantages and disadvantages for both financial institutions and corporate users. The paper reveals the results of U.S. Bank's experience with customer origination preferences, explores some key characteristics that drive customer adoption of different solutions, and ultimately draws some conclusions about whether PC-based ACH origination will survive. Finally, the paper discusses corpor ate best practices for both methods of ACH origination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on automated clearing house (ACH) rules enforcement procedures applied in the event of ACH rules violation, including a breach of warranty under these rules, filed against a participating depository financial institution (DFI).

The article focuses on National Automated Clearing House Association (Nacha) Operating Rules provide for Person-to-Person (P2P) payments via Automated Clearing House (ACH) credit transactions. It mentions ACH Operations Bulletin provides guidance to financial institutions and the Nacha Operating Rules and other risk management considerations. It also mentions Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) does not satisfy the above prerequisites to origination, risk management.

The article focuses on Indemnification Agreement with request for return of funds from automated clearing house (ACH) transactions. It mentions Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) agrees to indemnify the RDFI from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, liabilities and expenses, including attorneys' fees and costs, resulting directly or indirectly from compliance by receiving depository financial institution (RDFI) with ODFI's request.