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There are growing concerns about the deteriorating air quality in the Chiang Mai-Lamphun Basin in Northern Thailand resulting from accelerating development and construction, increasing industrial emissions, expanding transportation, extensive open burning and the continuing drought. Recent studies of the levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) in the Basin have highlighted their seasonal variations, correlations with other pollutants, and toxicological properties. These are reviewed and implications for future research are summarized.