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An eccentric position diagnosis method of static eccentricity (SE) fault of external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (ER‐PMSM) is presented. Firstly, an analytical model of no‐load radial magnetic field of ER‐PMSM is established. Analytical models of no‐load Back‐EMF of both unit motors and the whole motor are carried out and are verified by finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements. Then, the influences of SE ratio, SE circumferential angle, winding distribution mode and number of parallel branches on no‐load radial magnetic field and no‐load Back‐EMF are analyzed based on these analytical models. The results show that SE does not affect the frequency characteristics of no‐load radial magnetic field, but changes space order characteristics. On one hand, for ER‐PMSM, of which the number of unit motors is equal to 1, SE causes no‐load Back‐EMF distortion. On the other hand, for ER‐PMSM, of which the number of unit motors is greater than 1, SE does not affect no‐load Back‐EMF of the whole motor, but it still leads to no‐load Back‐EMF distortion of unit motors. Therefore, based on total harmonic distortion (THD) of no‐load Back‐EMF of unit motor, a projection method of intersection lines for SE fault diagnosis of ER‐PMSM is proposed finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the air gap magnetic field characteristics of external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) under both the stator and rotor coordinate systems considering low‐order current harmonics and high‐order sideband current harmonics are analysed. A direct measurement technique (DMT) for air‐gap magnetic field is proposed. First, an analytical model of air gap magnetic field of external rotor PMSMs is established. The spatial order and frequency characteristics of stator/rotor air gap magnetic field are revealed. Then, a 24‐pole 27‐slot external rotor PMSM is taken as an example. The analytical and finite element (FE) results are compared and analysed. The difference of the spatial order and frequency characteristics between the stator and rotor air gap magnetic field are verified. Next, a new DMT is proposed, which can detect the precise distribution and local microscopic characteristics on the order of 10−1 mm with high resolution. The accuracy of analytical and FE model are verified by the DMT and an indirect experimental test of no‐load back electromotive force. Finally, the mechanical challenges of in‐wheel motors and the practicablility of DMT for eccentricity detection are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-D analytical model and direct measurement method (DMM) of ultra-thin open-circuit air-gap field (OCAGF) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with multi-segmented skew poles (MSP) and multi-layered flat wire windings (MFWW) for electric vehicles (EV) are proposed. Basis functions of slotless OCAGF are derived through field reconstruction method (FRM). In order to consider MSP and slotting effects, a complex relative permeance function is extended from 2-D to 3-D. Based on the magnetic potential and permeance method, 3-D analytical model of OCAGF is obtained. Then the back electromotive force (BEF) is calculated through Faraday's Law and the cogging torque is obtained through Maxwell stress tensor method. Furthermore, spatial order and amplitude-frequency characteristics of OCAGF are revealed. Additionally, influence of local inhomogeneous saturation caused by PM materials on analytical accuracy is discussed. Finally, the proposed analytical model is verified through both the traditional indirect measurement methods (BEF measurement and cogging torque measurement) and a novel direct measurement method, in which ultra-thin OCAGF of 10−1 mm order of magnitude can be measured directly. Local microscopic characteristics of OCAGF in some important locations, such as tooth top and magnetic bridge, can be accurately detected by using of the direct measurement method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The no‐load radial magnetic field and no‐load back electromotive force (EMF) of external rotor permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) are calculated by applying the correction coefficient of magnetic conductance here, taking into account the stator slotting and static eccentricity effects. An external rotor PMBLDCM with 51‐slot/46‐pole, used as in‐wheel motor, is taken as an example, the analytical calculation results of the no‐load back EMF are validated by the finite‐element method and experiment. The influences of static eccentricity ratio on the no‐load radial magnetic field and no‐load back EMF are investigated based on the analytical model. The investigation shows that static eccentricity does not change the harmonic contents of no‐load radial magnetic field, so it does not change the harmonic contents of three‐phase no‐load back EMFs. However, static eccentricity changes the space order of no‐load radial magnetic field, resulting in the different total harmonic distortions of three‐phase no‐load back EMFs; in other words, the asymmetric distortions of three‐phase no‐load back EMFs are generated. The asymmetric distortions of three‐phase no‐load back EMFs are intensified with the increase in static eccentricity ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, analytical expressions of the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF）of the stator and the rotor under static eccentricity (SE) are deduced by using complex relative magnetic conductivity method and Maxwell stress tensor method. The frequency characteristics of the UMF are obtained. Further the influence of different eccentricity ratio on the UMF is researched. Then, an external rotor permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDCM) with 46 poles and 51 slots used as an in‐wheel motor is taken as an example to verify the frequency characteristics by finite element analysis (FEA). The research shows that the frequency characteristics of the UMF of the stator s related to electric frequency. The frequency characteristics of the UMF of the rotor are related to the power source frequency and the rotation frequency of the wheel. It does not introduce new frequency components when the motor SE occurs. As the SE ratio increases, the amplitude of the UMF increases. The UMF without eccentricity exists in all directions with the change of the time. However, as the eccentricity ratio increases, the direction of the UMF is closer to the eccentric direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an analytical model for calculating the armature reaction magnetic field of outer rotor permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) in stator stationary coordinate system (SSCS) and rotor rotation coordinate system (RRCS). Firstly, an expression of armature reaction magnetic field of single‐phase winding is deduced, without considering slotting effect. Afterwards, analytical expressions of armature reaction magnetic field in both SSCS and RRCS regardless of slotting effect are obtained using vector addition method. Then complex relative permeances of outer rotor BLPMDCM in SSCS and RRCS are analysed, respectively. Finally, analytical solutions of the armature reaction magnetic field in both SSCS and RRCS are derived, respectively, by multiplying the slotless armature reaction magnetic field and the complex relative magnetic permeance, the self‐ and mutual inductance are calculated by the armature reaction magnetic field. A 46‐ploes‐51‐slots outer rotor BLPMDCM is set as an example, the accuracy of proposed analytical model is verified by the Finite Element Method. Based on this analytical model, the pattern of slotting effect on armature reaction of both outer rotor and internal stator are analysed, respectively, as well as spatial order characteristics and frequency characteristics of armature reaction for outer rotor PMBLDCM in SSCS and in RRCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]