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Four optical combinational circuits based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides utilizing squared-shaped nanoring resonators have been presented, designed, and studied standing on finite element method with COMSOL software package version 5.5. The optical combinational circuits half adder, half subtractor, full adder, and 4-bit binary to gray converter have been established in a layout with dimensions of 850 nm × 400 nm and 1750 nm × 400 nm for the 4-bit converter. The leading guide to building these optical circuits is the constructive and destructive interference founded on the phase shift angles between the input ports and the control port(s). The performance of the four optical combinational circuits has been evaluated based on the transmission value at each output port which has a threshold of 30%, contrast ratio, modulation depth, and insertion loss, with a system for an operating wavelength of 1310 nm. The transmission exceeds 100% in the full adder, in the output carry of the half adder, and in the most significant bit of the 4-bit binary to gray converter with a 202.6% each. Forty-six decibels is the value of the contrast ratio in the most significant bit of the converter and 99.99% as a modulation depth for the sum output of the full adder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven all-optical logic gates based on hybrid plasmonic squared-shaped nanoring resonators and strips are proposed, designed, and numerically analyzed using finite element method with COMSOL software package version 5.5. Constructive and destructive interferences between the input port(s) and the control port(s) are the main operating principles used to produce the proposed gates. The ratio of output optical power to the input power at a single port which is called the transmission threshold is selected to be 30% and the resonance wavelength is 1310 nm. All the hybrid plasmonic logic gates are performed in a single structure of 400 nm × 400 nm dimensions and the performance is measured according to the values of transmission at the output port versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, contrast ratio, modulation depth, and insertion loss. The transmission exceeds 100% in five gates, 146% at NOT and NAND gates, 202.3% at OR, AND, and XNOR gates. The modulation depth scores are 99.75% at the XNOR gate, 98.5% at the NOR gate, 97.67% at OR, AND, NOT, and NAND gates, and 95.29% for the XOR gate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]