1. Cytosolic sensors for pathogenic viral and bacterial nucleic acids in fish
- Author
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Gouranga Biswas, Krzysztof Rakus, Magdalena Chadzinska, Miriam Mojzesz, Masahiro Sakai, Kentaro Nakagami, and Jun-ichi Hikima
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,DNA, Bacterial ,Biosensing Techniques ,Review ,LSm14A ,Biology ,RLR ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,RIG-I ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cytosol ,DHX36 ,Nucleic Acids ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Innate immune system ,Bacteria ,Organic Chemistry ,Pattern recognition receptor ,DNA Viruses ,Fishes ,General Medicine ,RNA Helicase A ,Protein kinase R ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,RNA, Bacterial ,030104 developmental biology ,RNA Recognition Motif Proteins ,PKZ ,chemistry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Viruses ,Nucleic acid ,RNA, Viral ,DExD/H-box RNA helicases ,DNA ,030215 immunology ,cGAS - Abstract
Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts.
- Published
- 2020