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Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation disease, and the incidence of UC is increasing recently. Both clinical trials and animal experiments show that moxibustion is a complementary and alternative treatment for UC. Previous studies showed that moxibustion can improve UC by regulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 (Sun et al., 2017). Treg cells is one subset of CD4 + T cells that exert the immunosuppressive function. CD39 and CD73, expressed on the surface of Tregs, hydrolyze ATP to AMP and are further involved in the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In this study, we investigated the effect of moxibustion on CD39 + Tregs and CD73 + Tregs in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC mice. The A2a receptor (A2aR), one of the targets of adenosine, was also detected. The results showed that moxibustion could increase the expression of CD39, CD73, and A2aR in colonic tissue and improve the proportion of CD39 + Tregs and CD73 + Tregs in peripheral blood, inguinal draining lymph nodes and spleen in the UC model. Additionally, A2aR agonists enhanced the cell viability of colonic epithelial cells and inhibit the production of cytokines IL-6 and TNF- α in vitro, which may further influence the pathway of ATP purine signal metabolism and alleviates the gut inflammation of UC mice. Taken together, this study provides supplemental evidence to reveal the immune related mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To investigate the relationship between the effects of electroacupuncture/moxibustion and the balance of Th17/Treg in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) and to preliminary compare the effects of the above two methods. Methods. DSS-induced UC mice were treated by electroacupuncture and moxibustion. Disease activity index (DAI) was scored; intestinal pathological structure and ultrastructure were observed. The levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and TGF-β in plasma were measured by ELISA. The percentages of Treg and Th17 in spleen lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Also, the expressions of TLR2, TLR4, RORγt, and FOXP3 in the distal colon were detected by immunohistochemistry or western blot. Results. Both electroacupuncture and moxibustion can relieve UC. These effects are further supported by ELISA results. In addition, the ratio of Treg and Th17 in spleen lymphocytes and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 are significantly improved. Also, the expression of RORγt and FOXP3 in distal colon were improved. Besides, the effect of moxibustion is better than that of electroacupuncture on TLR2, TLR4, and FOXP3 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion. Both electroacupuncture and moxibustion may ameliorate UC by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg. Whether moxibustion has better efficacy than electroacupuncture needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]