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Sutterby fluid is a viscoelastic fluid and heat and mass transfer in such fluids obeys thermal and concentration memory effects which cannot be analyzed through classical laws of heat conduction and mass diffusion. This is the main motivation toward this study. Therefore, this article considers viscoelastic effects in the presence of thermal and solutal memory effects. A novel theory of heat and mass is simultaneously implemented and generalized models are developed because classical energy and heat equations do not provide accurate information for fluids with memory effect. These generalized models are reducible to their classical cases. Hence, this study considers both generalized and classical aspects. Further, generalized models are solved numerically with the help of the FEM. Results are computed for quantities of engineering interest. The predictions perceived from the analysis are of the use of engineers and industry to design nanofluids with desired thermal properties. A destructive chemical reaction in mono-nanofluid has the highest decreasing effect (relative to tri- and hybrid nanofluids) on the concentration field. A moderate effect of destructive chemical reaction on concentration field in hybrid nanofluid is seen. Mono, hybrid, and tri-nanofluids perceived different magnetic effects. Hybrid nanofluid experiences the greatest magnetic force in comparison with mono and tri-nanofluids. It is seen from the simulations that tri-nanofluid generates the highest heat as a result of Ohmic dissipation. Thus, in comparison with mono and hybrid nanofluid tri-nanofluid offers the highest resistance to the flow of electric current. Moreover, tri-nanoparticles are responsible for an optimized increase in thermal conductivity of Sutterby fluid relative to mono and hybrid nanoparticles. Thus, tri-nanofluid may serve as better coolant, a medium for transporting heat. Destructive chemical reaction in mono-nanofluid has the highest decreasing effect on the concentration field. A moderate effect of destructive chemical reaction on concentration field in hybrid nanofluid is seen. Tri-nanofluid exerts the highest shear stress on the solid boundary while the least shear stress on the wall is seen in the case of mono-nanofluid. A 56% increase in the Nusselt number is noticed if hybrid nanoparticles disperse rather than mono nanoparticles. Similarly, a 59% increase in the Nusselt number is observed if tri-nanoparticles are dispersed rather than mono nanoparticles. Thus the significant rise in heat transfer is possible due to the dispersion of tri-nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a study of heat and mass transport in Maxwell fluid mixed with tri, hybrid and mono nanoparticles. Using conservation laws and correlations among thermophysical characteristics of the base fluid, tri, hybrid and mono nanoparticles, the flow situation is converted into mathematical problems. Boundary layer (BL) approximations are used to approximate these mathematical models. The finite element approach is used to solve the non-dimensional problems numerically. The behavior of viscoelastic materials on momentum, temperature and concentration is investigated. Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and SiO 2 are simultaneous dispersed and case of tri (Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and SiO 2), hybrid (Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2) and mono (Al 2 O 3) are considered. It is possibly achieved the convergent and mesh-free solutions. Present results are validated. Momentum relaxation time determines the characteristics of fluid to restore momentum changes. Therefore, fluids with more viscoelastic property (with high Deborah number) have smaller viscous region relative to the fluid with smaller Deborah. There is a remarkable decrease in momentum transport versus an increase in Deborah number is noted. It is noted that Deborah number for tri-nanofluid has the smaller effects on flow relative to its impact on the flow of hybrid and mono nanofluids [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheological model characterized by the shear rate dependent viscosity together with the governing laws for dust particles in fluid with the transfer of heat with the help of nano-structures are utilized for thermal analysis. Solutions of the non-dimensionalized set of constitutive models and necessary conservation laws are found by the finite element method (FEM). The simulations are recorded and important outcomes are extracted from visualization. The fluid has experienced significant retardation to its flow and wall friction on the solid boundary has depicted an increasing behavior as a function of the magnetic field. The flow slows down when viscosity varies for the shear-thinning case. The movement of dust particles in shear rate-dependent viscosity fluid increases as a function of the fluid velocity interaction parameter. Temperature profiles have been noted to increase as a function of specific heat ratio parameter. It is also observed that the temperature of dust particles in mono nanofluid is greater than the temperature of dust particles in a hybrid nanofluid. An increase in the intensity of magnetic fluid results in significant retardation to the fluid containing dust particles. However, this retardation to the flow of hybrid nanofluid is higher than the retardation experienced by the flow of mono nanofluid. Velocity of dust particles increases versus interaction parameter. Moreover, the velocity of hybrid nanofluid is affected more by the interaction parameter than the velocity of nanofluid. Thermal radiations result in a temperature rise. However, radiations emitted by the hybrid nanofluid are stronger than the radiations emitted by a nanofluid. Dust particles in nanofluid are hotter than in hybrid nanofluid. Shear stress on the solid surface increases as a function of the fluid velocity interaction parameter. Further shear stress applied by nanofluid is higher than that by the hybrid nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]