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A novel ratiometric fluorescence probe for hypochlorous acid was constructed by coumarin and pyridinium fluorophore based on the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) platform. In this ICT/FRET system, the energy transfer efficiency is high to 94.3%. Moreover, the probe could respond to hypochlorous acid with high selectivity and sensitivity, and exhibited a large Stokes shift. It was interesting to find that the probe could recognize hypochlorous acid via a new mechanism, in which the α-position of carbonyl group was oxidized to form a diketone derivative. More importantly, the probe was successfully applied to the ratiometric imaging of both exogenous and endogenous hypochlorous acid in living RAW 264.7 cells, with low toxicity and high photo-stability. Image 1 • A ratiometric fluorescent probe ZPAC for rapidly monitoring hypochlorous acid. • A new mechanism, α position of carbonyl group was oxidized to form a diketone derivative. • FRET-based ZPAC displayed larger gap between two emission spectrum. • ZPAC was applied to image exogenous and endogenous hypochlorous acid in living RAW264.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe FAP1 for the recognition of FA was developed. • Probe FAP1 showed high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting FA with a large Stokes shift (130 nm). • Probe FAP1 exhibited good biocompatibility and could be used to image FA in lysosome. Formaldehyde (FA) is one of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), which is involved in various physiological and pathological processes of organisms. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe (FAP1) containing lysosomal localization group for the detection of FA was designed and synthesized. The probe exhibited good fluorescence recognition performances for FA, such as large Stokes shift (130 nm), specific selectivity, good anti-interference ability, and low minimum detection limit (16 nM). It is worth mentioning that the probe has good biocompatibility and could be applied to the imaging detection of FA in lysosome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Excluding interference and detecting microcystin-LR based unique fluorescence method. • The performance of MC-BDKZ was tested by calculating recovery rate in water samples. • MC-BDKZ showed excellent fluorescence imaging to intracellular MC-LR and lysosome. • The response mechanism of MC-BDKZ to MC-LR was deeply discussed. Cyanobacteria blooms that cause the death of aquatic and terrestrial organisms have attracted considerable attention since the 19th century. The most typical toxin in cyanobacteria blooms is cyanobacteria toxin, particularly microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Therefore, a simple and highly efficient method for detecting MC-LR plays a role in studying the ecological toxicology of MC-LR. However, as MC-LR itself is located in a complex environment, traditional techniques present complex and false-positive defects. To address the above issues, novel technologies should be explored and discovered. Herein, we describe the development of MC-BDKZ as the first paradigm of probes that can concurrently report MC-LR in natural lakes and cells. This novel material shows large Stokes Shift and possesses good photostability and high sensitivity. Considering the properties mentioned above, MC-BDKZ not only achieves the detection of MC-LR in the lake water samples, but also completes the imaging of exogenous MC-LR in cells. Moreover, the interference of many factors in the lake and cells is excluded completely in the process of MC-LR detection. We comprehensively analyzed the response principle and potential application of MC-BDKZ in the process of MC-LR detection. Compared with the conventional MC-LR detection technologies, fluorescence probe technology shows better convenience and greatly reduces distance from the practical application in vitro and in vivo. We envisioned that the development of this visual research tool could provide crucial clues for exploring the pathogenesis of MC-LR in body. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The probe specially detected palladium based on Pd0-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction. • The probe could selectively detect palladium with large Stokes shift (155 nm). • The dramatic color changes (from colorless to blue) could be observed by naked eyes. • The detection limit of the probe was 0.140 μM. • The probe was successfully applied to detecting palladium in real water samples and HeLa cells. Nowadays, palladium has been widely used in many fields, which facilitates all aspects of our life. However, it may cause water and soil pollution and bring irreversible damage to the environment and organisms. Developing a fluorescence probe for rapid, highly sensitive and selective detection of palladium is still a poser. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel fluorescence probe (RHS) for specific detection of palladium. Based on Pd0-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction, the fluorescence probe was constructed by a rhodol derivative as the fluorophore and an allyl carbonate moiety as the specific palladium reactive site. The probe displayed excellent properties for detecting palladium, such as high selectivity and sensitivity, rapid response (20 min) and large Stokes shift (155 nm). The detection limit was determined to be as low as 0.140 μM with a linear range from 20 to 80 μM. After addition of palladium in RHS solution, the color of the solution turned from yellow to blue, indicating palladium could be monitored by the naked eyes. Moreover, probe RHS was successfully applied to palladium detection in environmental water samples. Importantly, with low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility, the probe could monitor palladium in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanide detection methods are urgently needed due to the highly lethal to human beings. Herein, we report two fluorescence probes (Probe 1 and Probe 2) based on cyanoethylene group for cyanide anion (CN−) detection. The selective recognition for CN− was confirmed by the completely opposite green fluorescence of Probe 1 and red fluorescence of Probe 2 observed by fluorescence spectra and naked eyes. The probes take advantages of the large Stokes shift (~160 nm), rapid response (30 s), anti-interference performance and low detection limit (Probe 1 : 12.4 nM, Probe 2 : 101 nM). The sensing mechanism is certificated to the nucleophilic attack of CN− to electron-deficient cyanoethylene group of probes, which was demonstrated by 1H NMR titration, HR-MS, Job's plot and IR spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to analyze the mechanism in theory. Further, practical applications were studied. Easy-to-use test strips treated with Probe 1 or Probe 2 are capable of CN− detection in pure drinking water. The good biocompatibility and membrane penetrability have achieved the bioimaging capability of Probe 1 and Probe 2 in living HepG-2 cells, making the probes promising for use in real lives. [Display omitted] • Probes show high selectivity towards cyanide (CN−) and good anti-interference ability against other competing anions. • Probes show high reactivity in aqueous media, making them can be used in actual environment and biological system. • Probes are capable of CN− detection by easy-to-use test in pure drinking water. • Probes have large Stokes shifts and low cytotoxicity so that they can be utilized as CN− sensors in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]