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In this work, we have designed and synthesized the fluorescent probe 1, which was capable to selectively detect fluoride anion (F−). More importantly, the probe 1 possessed near-infrared excitation and emission wavelengths (excitation at 650 nm and emission at 695), and the probe solution had changed dramatically from yellow to cyan with the addition of F–. In addition, the fluorescence intensity exhibited perfectly positive correlation with concentration of F− concentration from 0 to 40 μM (R2 = 0.9972), which offered the important condition for quantitative analysis. The probe 1 owned detection limit of 46 nM. Therefore, this near-infrared probe can be of great benefit for detecting F− in practical application.

A simple and coumarin-based fluorescence probe has been designed and synthesized with silyl group as recognition group of fluoride ions (F−) in this study. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of the probe displayed prominent enhancement with addition of F− at 445 nm with incubation of 1 min. There was an excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and fluoride concentration from 0 to 30 μM (0~0.57 ppm), which offered the important condition for the quantitative analysis. In addition, the highly selective response to fluorion, the low detection limit with 28 nM (0.532 ppb), low toxicity and bioimaging afforded an advantage for practical application and detecting fluoride in biological systerms.

In this work, we synthesized a simple fluorescent probe, which can selectively detect cysteine. With addition of cysteine, the probe solution showed marked color change from pale yellow to orange color by naked eye. There was an excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity of probe and cysteine concentration. Moreover, the probe displayed satisfactory detection limit. Low toxicity and cellular imaging offered the important conditions for detecting cysteine in biological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We designed and developed the probe W-3 for selectively detecting Cu2+. • The combination of test strips and a smartphone facilitates on-site testing of Cu2+. • The W-3 can be used for the detection of Cu2+ in cells and mice. We designed and developed the probe W-3 for detection of Cu2+. The results showed probe can selectively detect Cu2+, accompanied by noticeable color change. The probe can detect the Cu2+ in water samples and drinks based on absorption detection. In addition, the combination of portable test paper and the smartphone platform obtained great convenience for on-site and visual detection of Cu2+, with satisfactory sensitivity and reliability. More importantly, the fluorescence probe W-3 can be used for the detection of Cu2+ in cells and mice. Therefore, the W-3 provided potential chemical tools for detecting Cu2+ in vitro and vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes has become one of the most common endocrine and metabolic diseases threatening human health, which can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among them, ONOO− level fluctuation was closely related to diabetes. Hence, it is of great significance to develop a near-infrared fluorescence probe for visualizing ONOO− level fluctuations in diabetes. In this paper, we constructed a fluorescence probe YBL with dicyano-isophorone derivative as fluorophore and diphenyl phosphate as ONOO− response site, which can detect ONOO− with the low detection limit (39.8 nM) and exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity. The probe YBL has been applied to monitor intracellular ONOO− level fluctuations. Meanwhile, the image results showed that high sugar promoted the increase of ONOO− level in cells. More important, the probe YBL can be used for imaging in mice, and the results showed that content of ONOO− was increased in diabetic mice. Therefore, the probe YBL provided a tool for understanding diabetes progression by imaging ONOO−. [Display omitted] • The near infrared fluorescence probe YBL can detect ONOO−. • The YBL was able to image ONOO− in cells and distinguish normal cells and cancer cells. • The YBL can be used for imaging diabetes in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracellular microenvironment (viscosity and polarity) and peroxynitrite ions (ONOO−) are involved in maintaining cell morphology, cell function, and signaling so that it is crucial to explore their level changes in vitro and vivo. In this work, we designed and synthesized a mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe XBL for monitoring the dynamic changes of viscosity, polarity, and ONOO− based on TICT and ICT mechanism. The fluorescence spectra showed obvious changes for polarity at 500 nm as well as ONOO− and viscosity at 660 nm, respectively. The XBL can image simultaneously viscosity, polarity, and ONOO− in cells, and the results showed excess ONOO− leaded to the increase of viscosity in mitochondrial. The ferroptosis process was accompanied by increase of intracellular viscosity and ONOO− levels (or decrease of polarity), which allowed us to better understand the relevant physiological and pathological processes. The XBL can distinguish normal cells and cancerous cells by the fluorescence intensity changes in green and red channels, and image viscosity in inflamed mice. Thus, XBL can provided the chemical tool to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms of disease by simultaneous detection of viscosity, polarity and ONOO−. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The probe P-1 can selectively detect H 2 O 2 with colorimetric change. • the P-1 can be used for on-site and visual detection of H 2 O 2. • The P-1 can image H 2 O 2 in cells and distinguish cancer cells and normal cells. • The P-1 probe was applied to monitor H 2 O 2 of tumor in mice. We designed and developed the probe P-1 for detecting H 2 O 2. The probe can selectively detect H 2 O 2 with colorimetric change. In addition, the combination of portable test strips with a smartphone platform provided great convenience for on-site and visual detection of H 2 O 2 with satisfactory sensitivity and reliability. The P-1 can image exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in cells and distinguish cancer cells and normal cells by fluorescence image of H 2 O 2 and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the P-1 probe has been successfully applied to monitor H 2 O 2 levels of tumor in mice, and the results showed the level of H 2 O 2 in tumor tissue increased significantly. Therefore, P-1 provided a potential chemical tool to understand pathological and physiological mechanisms of diseases by imaging H 2 O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have designed and synthesized the fluorescent probe 1 , which showed a highly selective and sensitive response to Cys over Hcy/GSH in the test. Moreover, the color of probe solution has changed dramatically from colorless to pink with the addition of Cys within 10 min. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity exhibited perfectly positive correlation with concentration of Cys from 0 to 200 μM, which offered the important condition for quantitative analysis. Finally, the bioimaging and fluorescence response of probe 1 for fetal calf serum are a powerful safeguard for practical detection of Cys. Therefore, this near-infrared probe will be of great benefit for detecting Cys in the biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we synthesized a fluorescent probe JQ-3 for detecting ONOO−. The probe JQ-3 can be successfully used for detecting exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish. Moreover, the drug-induced liver injury was successfully recognized with JQ-3 by visualizing ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish. Therefore, the probe JQ-3 provides a potential tool for detecting ONOO− to understand physiological and pathology processes of disease. [Display omitted] • The probe JQ-3 possessed excellent selectivity, fast response time (10 min) and low detaction limit (32 nM). • The probe JQ-3 is almost unaffected by pH, showing the potential application in biological systems. • The probe JQ-3 can be successfully used for the detection of exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish. • The drug-induced liver injury was successfully recognized by fluorescence imaging with JQ-3 in living cells and zebrafish. Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) as an active substance, is produced during normal physiological process, which plays an important role in maintaining cell REDOX balance and cell function. Moreover, the peroxynitrite is involved in many diseases and especially can be used as a biomarker of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, in this work, we synthesized a fluorescent probe JQ-3 for detecting ONOO−. The results showed the probe JQ-3 possessed excellent selectivity, fast response time (10 min) and low detection limit (32 nM). The probe JQ-3 is almost unaffected by pH, showing the potential application in biological systems. Moreover, the probe JQ-3 can be successfully used for the detection of exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish. At the same time, the DILI was successfully recognized by visualizing ONOO− with JQ-3 in living cells and zebrafish. Therefore, the probe JQ-3 provides a potential tool for detecting ONOO− to understand physiological and pathology processes of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we designed and synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent probe JQ-2 for specifically detecting ONOO− over a panel of biological analytes. The probe JQ-2 possessed low cytotoxicity and excellent cell membrane permeability, which can detect the exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish by emission in two channels. Meanwhile, JQ-2 can be used for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury by visualizing and monitoring the fluctuations of endogenous ONOO−. [Display omitted] • Fast response time (∼100 s). • The ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting ONOO−. • Visualizing exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in living cells and zebrafish. • Visualizing drug-induced liver injury by bioimaging of ONOO− in two channels. In this study, we constructed and displayed a ratiometric fluorescent probe JQ-2 for detecting ONOO−. The probe JQ-2 showed a ratiometric signal for visualizing ONOO− with a rapid response and high selectivity over a panel of biological analytes. Moreover, the JQ-2 has near-infrared emission (657 nm), which provides an excellent basis for the practical application in biological systems. The probe JQ-2 possessed low cytotoxicity and excellent cell membrane permeability, which can specifically visualize the exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in vitro and vivo by emission in two channels. Meanwhile, JQ-2 can be used for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury by visualizing and monitoring the fluctuations of endogenous ONOO−. Therefore, JQ-2 provided a potential tool for precisely detecting the fluctuation of ONOO− in biological systems to understand physiological and pathological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we designed and synthesized a turn-on fluorescent probe for detecting H 2 O 2. The results demonstrated that probe JQ-1 exhibited a high selectivity for H 2 O 2. In addition, probe JQ-1 exhibited excellent sensitivity (detection limit: 87 nM) and a fast response time (∼10 min). Organelle co-localization experiment showed that JQ-1 mainly targeted mitochondria, which provided possibility to detect change of H 2 O 2 level in mitochondria. JQ-1 can be used to image exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in vitro and vivo. Meanwhile, we used JQ-1 as fluorescence dye to investigate the change of H 2 O 2 level during immunogenic cell death for the first time by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, and the results showed that H 2 O 2 level had negligible change in process. Therefore, the results suggested that this probe is a reliable chemical tool for monitoring both endogenous and exogenous H 2 O 2. In this work, we designed and synthesized a localized mitochondrial probe, which showed excellent selectivity and anti-interference capability. The detection limit of 87 nM and reaction time of 10 min provided the advantage for real-time detection of H 2 O 2 in practical application. In addition, the probe can image exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in vitro and vivo. [Display omitted] • Low detection limit (87 nM) and a fast response time (∼10 min). • The probe has mitochondrial targeting capability. • There was an excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and H 2 O 2 concentration with 0–50 μM. • The probe is able to visualize exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in living Hela cells and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have designed and synthesized a large stokes shift and near-infrared (NIR) probe DCM-HNU for visualization of H 2 O 2 in both living HeLa cells and zebra fish. The probe DCM-HNU was structured based on phenylborate pincinol ester as the recognition group connecting DCM-OH via nucleophilic substitution reaction. The probe possessed large stokes shift (205 nm), near-infrared (NIR) emission (658 nm). 0.17 μM detection Limit, 10,550 L·mol−1cm−1 molar extinction coefficient, 2.06 × 10−3 S−1 reaction rate constant, and excellent selectivity proved the condition for practical application. There was a good linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and H 2 O 2 concentration from 0 to 200 μM (R2 = 0.9955) to facilitate quantitative analysis of H 2 O 2. More importantly, the probe is able to visualize exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in living HeLa cells and zebra fish. The superior properties of the probe provide potential for exploring the function and participation of H 2 O 2 in biological systems. • Large stokes shift (205 nm), near-infrared (NIR) emission (658 nm). • The probe is able to visualize exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]