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Grouper iridovirus causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers, and effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection is urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. is a well‐known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of I. verum extracts to treat grouper iridovirus infection. The safe working concentration of each I. verum extract was identified both in vitro and in vivo as follows: I. verum aqueous extract (IVAE) ≤ 500 μg/ml; I. verum ethanol extract (IVEE) ≤ 250 μg/ml; shikimic acid (SKA) ≤ 250 μg/ml; trans‐anethole (TAT) ≤ 800 μg/ml; 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DDBA) ≤ 400 μg/ml; and quercetin (QCE) ≤ 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity of each I. verum extract against grouper iridovirus infection was analysed using aptamer (Q2)‐based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2‐AFMP) and RT‐qPCR. All of the I. verum extracts displayed dose‐dependent antiviral activities against grouper iridovirus. Based on the achieved per cent inhibition, IVAE, IVEE, DDBA and QCE were associated with the greatest antiviral activity (all > 90%). Together, our results indicate that I. verum extracts have effective antiviral properties, making it an excellent potential source material for the development of effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most serious pathogens in mariculture, the outbreaks of grouper Iridovirus (SGIV‐Gx) caused high mortality rates in cultured groupers in Guangxi, China. Hence, effective medicines for fighting against grouper Iridovirus are urgently needed. The possible application of Curcuma kwangsiensis ingredients against SGIV‐Gx infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in this study. The safe working concentration of each C. kwangsiensis ingredient was identified (C. kwangsiensis ethanol ingredient, CKEE ≤5 mg/ml; curcumin ≤20 μg/ml; curdione ≤500 μg/ml; curcumenol ≤500 μg/ml; curcumol displayed no cytotoxic effects even at 2 mg/ml) in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activities of each C. kwangsiensis ingredient against SGIV‐Gx infection were analysed using aptamer (Q2)‐based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2‐AFMP) and RT‐qPCR. The results showed that C. kwangsiensis ingredient (CKEE, curcumin, curcumol, curdione and curcumenol) displayed antiviral activities against SGIV‐Gx infection in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, according to the inhibitory percentage analysed using RT‐qPCR results, CKEE and curdione had the best antiviral activity against SGIV‐Gx above 93%. Overall, the results suggest that some C. kwangsiensis ingredients have excellent antiviral effects, making it an interesting candidate for developing effective medicines for preventing and controlling SGIV‐Gx outbreaks in mariculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]