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The Golgi apparatus is a crucial component of the endomembrane system and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, increasing evidence shows that Golgi participates in oxidative stress in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). As a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays a significant role in a range of oxidative stress-related diseases. Therefore, accurately monitoring the level of ONOO− in the Golgi apparatus is crucial for revealing the mechanism of Golgi ONOO− in the sepsis-induced ALI. Unfortunately, no such probe has been reported to detect Golgi ONOO− in sepsis-induced ALI model. In this work, a Golgi-targetable probe FC-ONOO was designed and synthesized for high sensitivity and selectivity monitoring ONOO− generation during the Golgi stress response in sepsis-induced ALI model. The probe displayed high sensitivity (about 57 nM of detection limit) and good selectivity towards ONOO−. Additionally, it was successfully applied in mapping the increase of ONOO− levels in the Golgi of live cells induced by different stimuli. More importantly, the substantial increases in ONOO− levels in the Golgi apparatus were observed in the sepsis-induced ALI of mice for the first time. Given all its outstanding advantages, it has great potential for application in other ONOO− related diseases. [Display omitted] • A novel Golgi-targetable fluorescent probe for ONOO− was developed. • The probe displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity towards ONOO−. • The probe was successfully used to track Golgi ONOO− produced in live cells induced by different stimuli. • The probe was successfully applied to bioimaging Golgi ONOO− fluxes during sepsis-induced ALI for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common side effect of medicines, which is a pathological process of drug-induced liver dysfunction or injury. As an important enzyme mainly existing in the human liver, carboxylesterase (CE) has been proven that the decrease or lack of its activity is related to the occurrence and severity of DILI. Therefore, detecting the change of CE level in DILI will help to understand the pathological and physiological repercussions of DILI. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (MB-CE) that displayed excellent optical properties for detecting CE. The probe MB-CE featured low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity. Furthermore, the MB-CE was successfully utilized to detect endogenous CE in a liver injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP) and its subsequent treatment with glutathione (GSH) in cells. Notably, with the assistance of probe MB-CE, we successfully achieved realized in situ monitoring of CE decreased in the APAP-induced liver injury mouse model. These results indicate the potential clinical utility of the probe MB-CE for investigating the occurrence, progression, and treatment of DILI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescence probe MB-CE for CE was fabricated. • The probe MB-CE displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward CE. • The probe MB-CE detected a decrease in CE expression during DILI and a rise in expression repaired with GSH in cells. • The probe MB-CE accomplished in situ monitoring of CE in drug-induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe Lys - HClO for HClO was fabricated. • The probe Lys - HClO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward HClO. • Lys - HClO was used for imaging of lysosome HClO in cells and zebrafish. • Lys - HClO was firstly utilized to image of lysosome HClO in atherosclerosis model. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic vascular disease that typically takes decades before overt disease manifests itself. Due to this silent course, it is essential to create disease predictors before clinical lesions develop. In AS, dysfunction of lysosome induced by the accumulation of HClO changes cytokine secretion from macrophages. The formation of foam cells with an elevated HOCl level is regarded as an iconic feature of the early AS lesion. However, fluorescent probes targeting lysosome to monitor the variations of HClO level during the AS procedure have not reported. In this work, we firstly report a lysosome-targeted fluorescence probe, Lys - HClO , for evaluating AS by mapping the fluctuation of HClO with high selectivity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, probe Lys - HClO can be located in lysosome and successfully used to detected endogenous and exogenous HClO in cells. Furthermore, probe Lys - HClO was effectively applied to imaging endogenous HClO in zebrafish. Notably, with the assistance of probe Lys - HClO, we successfully monitored the significant up regulation of HClO in aorta of high-fat diet (HFD) -induced AS. These results indicate that Lys - HClO was a prospective image tool in studying early diagnosis of AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mostly characterized by a serious misadjustment in the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, numerous studies have indicated that ferroptosis is crucial to the progression and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). ROS have been implicated as a pivotal causative factor in cell damage, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the most prominent ROS which is intimately correlated to ferroptosis-mediated AKI. Therefore, monitoring ONOO− levels in ferroptosis-mediated AKI is important for exploring its physiological and pathological roles. Nevertheless, no probes for detecting ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI have been reported. Meanwhile, resveratrol (Res) is a bioactive component and has been used to the treatment of AKI. However, the effect of Res on ferroptosis during AKI progression remains elusive. Herein, we evaluated the fluctuation of ONOO− during ferroptosis-mediated AKI using the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe (NFP-ONOO) for the first time. The probe NFP-ONOO showed excellent specificity and sensitivity for the detection of ONOO−. Furthermore, utilizing this probe, we demonstrated Res effectively mitigates AKI induced by folic acid (FA) and cisplatin (CP) by inhibiting ferroptosis. Collectively, this work will provide a powerful guidance for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapy of ferroptosis-mediated AKI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe NFP-ONOO for ONOO− was fabricated. • The probe NFP-ONOO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward ONOO−. • NFP-ONOO was used for imaging ONOO− in cells and zebrafish during ferroptosis. • NFP-ONOO was utilized to image ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by various factors such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that H 2 S supplementation reverses neuronal loss and mitigates motor deficits in PD patients through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, improved mitochondrial function and proautophagic. Therefore, the discovery and use of H 2 S donors may be an exciting and intriguing strategy for the treatment of PD. Herein, we report a red emission mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe, Rho-H 2 S , which can specifically and sensitively detect H 2 S with a limit of detection of 62.5 nM. Bioimaging experiments have shown that the probe has excellent mitochondrial targeting and good imaging capabilities for the detection of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S in cells. More importantly, based on the Rho-H 2 S probe, we first confirmed the sulforaphane (SFN) among 15 glucosinolate and isothiocyanate compounds from cruciferous vegetables with an outstanding ability to release H 2 S and we further proved that SFN could alleviate the symptoms of PD in vivo. All results demonstrate that Rho-H 2 S could be an effective tool for screening H 2 S donors and can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel NO 2 − specific colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe TBM was synthesized through one-step synthesis. • The TBM probe is capable of detecting NO 2 − by the naked eye and fluorescence "off" mechanism. • By fixing the TBM on filter paper, portable test strips for detecting NO 2 − have been effectively made. • TBM has been successfully used to quantify NO 2 − in actual water and food samples as well as to image NO 2 − in E. coli. • The probe was established, which provides an effective tool to better guarantee the quality and safety of daily life. Nitrite (NO 2 −) is an inorganic contaminant that exists widely in the environment including water and food products, excessive amounts of NO 2 − would threaten humans and aquatic life. Developing a rapid and convenient sensing method for NO 2 − remains a great challenge. Herein, a colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe (TBM) was synthesized and applied for sensitively and selectively detecting NO 2 − in water, food samples and Escherichia coli (E. coli). With the addition of NO 2 −, the probe TBM solution has a distinct visual color changed from red to colorless and fluorescence intensity at 620 nm quickly decreased. The probe TBM could detect NO 2 − quantitatively with a detection limit of 85 nM based on a 3σ/slope. Under optimum conditions, TBM has been successfully used to detect NO 2 − in real-world environmental and dietary samples, with positive results. Besides, paper strips loaded with TBM have been used to visually determine NO 2 − levels. Most importantly, TBM has also been proven to be able to discriminate from different concentrations of NO 2 − in E. coli by fluorescence imaging. In summary, the probe TBM was successfully developed for the accurate quantification, naked eyes detection and bioimaging of NO 2 − in water, food samples and E. coli , which provides a useful tool to better guarantee the quality and safety of daily life and food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of fluorescent/luminescent probes for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of great significance for understanding the roles of ROS in pathophysiological processes. In the present research, a visible-light-excitable Eu3+ complex-based probe, Eu(L) 3 (DPBT), is designed and synthesized for the time-gated luminescence (TGL) determination of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in vitro and in vivo. The proposed probe exhibits a rapid, selective and sensitive TGL response to HClO, and excellent localization of mitochondria in living cells with low cytotoxicity. These features allow the probe to be used for the TGL sensing and imaging of HClO formation in mimic inflammatory cells at a subcellular level, as well as in endotoxin-induced liver injury and rheumatoid arthritis in live mice. In addition, by immobilizing the probe in the PEG hydrogel, the smart sensor films with rapid response to HClO were prepared, and successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds, in order to distinguish the infected wounds from acute ones. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for the clinical monitoring and treatment of wound diseases. • A novel mitochondria-targetable time-gated luminescence probe for HClO was developed. • The as-prepared Eu3+ complex-based luminescence probe possesses a broad excitation window including visible light. • The probe can be used for imaging HClO in mitochondria of living cells, as well as in liver injury and RA mouse models. • The probe-doped smart sensor films were successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]