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Thermal conditions and water supply have been adequate in most of Kazakhstan for the emergence and early growth of spring cereals. Our analysis suggests slightly above-average yield potential for spring cereals. Winter wheat (which is mainly confined to southern Kazakhstan) is generally also in good shape, with an above-average yield outlook. Some western regions present soil moisture deficits, with reduced yield expectations for winter wheat., JRC.D.5-Food Security

The yield forecasts for almost all summer crops in the EU were revised downwards from the July forecast, but remain above or near the 5-year average. Compared to the figures reported in July, the main downward revisions occurred for summer crops in France, Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, the Benelux countries and Poland. By contrast, the yield forecast for soybeans was revised upwards, as very favourable conditions prevailed in northern Italy and Hungary. Large parts of western and northern central Europe have been affected by a rain deficit since the beginning of July. Temperatures increased in these regions at the end of July, and a heatwave of seven to ten consecutive days occurred in the first half of August. The combination of limited water supply and high temperatures negatively affected summer crops, with expected reductions in yields. In southern Ukraine and eastern parts of Romania and Bulgaria, the return of drought conditions negatively impacted summer crops, leading to the early senescence of maize and sunflower crops. In contrast, summer crops benefited from a surplus of precipitation in many other parts of central Europe, eastern Italy, and western Romania., JRC.D.5-Food Security

All crops are forecast above the five-year average, as well as above last year’s yields, following a mostly favourable season., JRC.D.5-Food Security

Winter crops are advanced and in good shape in most of Europe, following a mild winter. Cold spells have been rare and have not caused significant damage. Large parts of southern Europe experienced a precipitation deficit; more rain will be needed there to sustain good crop growth., JRC.D.5-Food Security

Wet conditions delay winter sowing Continued dry conditions in Mediterranean regions, JRC.D.5-Food Security

Predominantly good conditions for winter cereals, JRC.D.5-Food Security

Little relief for summer crops, JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources

Temperatures from the end of October until mid-November were well above average across most of Europe, and the highest in our records (since 1975) for the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Scandinavia and the Baltic countries. Such temperatures are beneficial to the development of the emerged winter crops. Conditions improved in Poland, Ukraine and Russia, where beneficial rains and higher temperatures provided relief from the difficulties reported in the previous bulletin. The preceding unfavourable germination conditions may yet have a knock-on effect on next year’s yields, depending on the winter and spring conditions to come. A large belt in central and eastern Europe is experiencing a period of rain scarcity, which has been beneficial for the sowing and emergence of winter crops. Most of these regions faced excessive rainfall during the first half of October. In southern Italy, torrential rain occurred at the end of October, prior to the sowing of winter crops. High positive rainfall anomalies have been recorded in the north-western United Kingdom, but not in crop-growing regions., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources