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In the first stage of the manuscript, we aimed to examine antioxidant capacity and anticholinergic properties of avocado (Folium perseae) leaves. Avocado leaf was extracted by water (WEFP) and ethyl alcohol (EEFP) and antioxidant activity was determined using by several antioxidant assays including DPPHGreek ano teleia and ABTS(center dot+)radical scavenging assays, Cu2+-Cu(+)reducing, Fe3+-Fe(2+)reducing, and FRAP reducing activities. Avocado leaf extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity and anticholinergic activities, while alpha-tocopherol, BHT, trolox, and BHA were used as positive antioxidant controls. In the second part of this study, the inhibition effects of WEFP and EEFP were valuated against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, which catalyze the breakdown of choline esters (i.e. neurotransmitters). This study obviously showed that avocado leaf extracts had effective antioxidant, antiradical, and anticholinergic influences., King Saud University, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2019/59], S. Alwasel would like to extend his sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2019/59), King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, for support. No conflict of interest associated with this work.

WOS:000412937200011 Parsley (Petroselinum hortense L.) plants cultivated under controlled conditions were exposed to different doses of cadmium to investigate the antioxidant capacity and cadmium accumulation in the samples. Two-months-old parsley seedlings were treated with four different concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 75, 150, and 300 mu M) for fifteen days. Cadmium level in leaves increased significantly by increasing the Cd contamination in the soil. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid content declined considerably with Cd concentration. Cd treatment caused a significant increase lipid peroxidation in tissue of leaf. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) increased partially at 75 and 150 mu M CdCl2 concentrations whereas the activity decreased at 300 mu M CdCl2. Catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activities were reduced by Cd application. Total phenolic compound amount increased significantly with increasing Cd concentration, as ferric reduction power, superoxide anion radical, and DPPHE (TM) free radical scavenging activities elevated slightly by the concentration. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes activities were repressed depending on accumulation of cadmium in leaves of parsley while the non-enzymatic antioxidant activities slightly increased. Gaziosmanpasa University Unit for Scientific Research Projects [2005/25] This work was supported by the Gaziosmanpasa University Unit for Scientific Research Projects, project no. 2005/25.

In this study, leaves and flowers of Atractylis babelii were chosen to investigate their antioxidant activities. Thus, a comparison between the antioxidant properties of ethanolic crude extracts obtained by two extraction methods, maceration and soxhlet extraction, was performed using two different tests; DPPH and ABTS radical assays. Besides, total polyphenol, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were determined in leaves and flowers of Atractylis babelii by colorimetric methods. The results showed that there was no correlation between phenolic contents of plant parts and their antioxidant activity. Whereas, leaves and flowers of Atractylis babelii showed that both had almost similar phenolic contents, while their antioxidant activity depended on the plant parts. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of plant parts was also depended on extraction method. Such a result may be likely ascribed to a variety of chemical composition can be found in Atractylis babelii extracts which has been related to its antioxidant properties.