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Background Growing evidence indicates the adverse effect of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. However, it remains unknown whether UPF consumption influences the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors, namely conventional adenomas and serrated lesions. Methods We drew data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, comprising 142 052 participants who had undergone at least 1 lower gastrointestinal endoscopy during follow-up. To handle multiple records per participants, we used multivariable logistic regression for clustered data to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of colorectal polyps in relation to cumulative average consumption of UPFs. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results We documented 11 644 patients with conventional adenomas and 10 478 with serrated lesions during 18-20 years of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of UPF consumption, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of conventional adenomas (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.26) and serrated lesions (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.28). Similar results were found for high-risk polyps (ie, advanced adenomas and ≥10 mm serrated lesions; OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.28). These associations were slightly attenuated but remained statistically significant after further adjusting for body mass index, Western dietary pattern score, or individual dietary factors (fiber, folate, calcium, and vitamin D). The results remained essentially unchanged after excluding processed meat from total UPF intake. Conclusions Higher consumption of UPFs is associated with an increased risk of CRC precursors. UPFs might be a modifiable target for early prevention of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study assessed associations between ultraprocessed food consumption and dietary nutrient profile linked to obesity in children and adolescents in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States using nationally representative data collected between 2004 and 2014. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between dietary share of ultraprocessed foods (country and age group‐specific quintiles and a 10% share increase) and the energy density of diets and their content of free sugars and fiber. Ultraprocessed foods, defined by the NOVA system, ranged from 18% of total energy intake among preschool children in Colombia to 68% among adolescents in the United Kingdom. In almost all countries and age groups, increases in the dietary share of ultraprocessed foods were associated with increases in energy density and free sugars and decreases in fiber, suggesting that ultraprocessed food consumption is a potential determinant of obesity in children and adolescents. Effective global policy action to address growing ultraprocessed food consumption and childhood obesity is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on addressing concerns raised regarding methodological artifacts in the analysis of the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Topics include the examination of multicollinearity between UPF variables, the risk of false-positive findings due to multiple testing, and the potential confounding introduced by the use of servings/day instead of proportional contribution of non-UPF to total energy intake.

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Cross-sectional nutritional survey data collected in eight countries were used to estimate saturated fatty acid intakes. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of excessive saturated fatty acid intakes (>10 % of total energy intake) that could be avoided if ultra-processed food consumption was reduced to levels observed in the first quintile of each country. Secondary analysis was performed of 24 h dietary recall or food diary/record data collected by the most recently available nationally representative cross-sectional surveys carried out in Brazil (2008–9), Chile (2010), Colombia (2005), Mexico (2012), Australia (2011–12), the UK (2008–16), Canada (2015) and the US (2015–16). Population attributable fractions estimated the impact of reducing ultra-processed food consumption on excessive saturated fatty acid intakes (above 10 % of total energy intake) in each country. Significant relative reductions in the percentage of excessive saturated fatty acid intakes would be observed in all countries if ultra-processed food consumption was reduced to levels observed in the first quintile's consumption. The reductions in excessive intakes ranged from 10⋅0 % (95 % CI 6⋅2–13⋅6 %) in Canada to 35⋅0 % (95 % CI 28⋅7–48⋅0 %) in Mexico. In all eight studied countries, all presenting more than 30 % of intakes with excessive saturated fatty acids, lowering the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods to attainable, context-specific levels was shown to be a potentially effective way to reduce the percentage of intakes with excessive saturated fatty acids, which may play an important role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to assess consumers’ uses of and opinions on the current Brazilian food label and their reaction to the introduction of a front-of-package warning label. We conducted 12 focus groups among a diverse sample of adult consumers, to broadly assess: (1) uses of and perceptions about the current food label, and (2) opinions about implementing a front-of-package warning label to guide food purchases. Data was analyzed with a triangulation of researchers using an exploratory content analysis, which allowed codes to emerge from the data. The frequency of codes across focus groups was compared by gender and socioeconomic status to explore differences by these sociodemographic factors. Codes were divided into six main themes: (1) “Reasons for using food labels”; (2) “Barriers to using food labels”; (3) “Requirements for a new label”; (4) “Perceived influence on consumption behaviors”; (5) “Perceived influence on child behaviors”; and (6) “Perceptions of the food manufacturers using of warning labels”. Participants used food labels to check nutrient content and ingredient information but the format of these labels and the technicality of the content displayed often made the information inaccessible, particularly for those with low socioeconomic status. Most participants were supportive of the display of front-of-package warning labels on products and considered them useful to inform purchases. Women believed that they and their children would reduce the consumption of foods with front-of-package warning labels, while men reported more polarity in their intentions. For men and their children, front-of-package warning labels would result in either stopping food intake entirely or continued consumption without changes to the amount. The study results highlight the potential of front-of-package warning labels to support healthier behaviors in both consumers and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High unprocessed and minimally processed food (UMP) intake has been associated with high-quality diets, whereas the opposite has been shown for ultraprocessed food (UPF). Nevertheless, the association between UMP and UPF consumption and diet quality over the long-term warrants further examination. This study aimed to assess whether UMP and UPF intake are associated with three diet-quality metrics in female and male health professionals from two US cohorts over 3 decades of follow-up. This was a cohort study, including data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), from 1986 to 2010 (N = 51,956) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) from 1986 to 2006 (n = 31,307). Participants were invited in 1976 (NHS) and 1986 (HPFS) to respond to mailed questionnaires every 2 to 4 years and diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. UMP and UPF intake were calculated using the NOVA classification. Generalized estimating equations for marginal means and repeated cross-sectional associations between diet-quality metrics and quintiles of UMP and UPF. Diets were assessed every 4 years from 1986 to 2010. With increasing quintiles of UMP intakes, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 increased 7.1% (3.80 points, 95% CI 3.66 to 3.93) in the NHS and 10.1% (5.75 points, 95% CI 5.52 to 5.98) in the HPFS; the Mediterranean diet index increased 11.7% (0.50 points, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.52) in the NHS and 14.0% (0.64 points, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.68) in the HPFS; and the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension diet score increased 7.5% (1.81 points, 95% CI 1.76 to 1.87) in the NHS and 10.6% (2.66 points, 95% CI 2.57 to 2.76) in the HPFS. In the fifth quintile of UPF intake compared with the first, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 was –9.3% (–4.60 points, 95% CI –4.73 to –4.47) lower in the NHS and –13.7% (–6.89 points, 95% CI –7.12 to –6.66) lower in the HPFS; the Mediterranean diet index was –14.7% (–0.55 points, 95% CI –0.57 to –0.53) lower in the NHS, and –19.0% (–0.74 points, 95% CI –0.78 to –0.70) lower in the HPFS; and the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension diet score was –8.1% (–1.81 points, 95% CI –1.86 to –1.76) lower in the NHS and –12.8% (–2.84 points, 95% CI –2.93 to –2.74) lower in the HPFS. Consumption of UMP was associated with better dietary quality, whereas consumption of UPF was associated with poorer dietary quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food parenting practices (FPPs) are important in shaping children's dietary behaviors. However, existing FPP knowledge is largely based on research with mothers.Purpose: This study (1) identified fathers' FPPs; (2) described differences in FPP use by fathers' education and residential status.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 fathers (39 ± 9.1 years; 37.5% non-residential; 40% ≥college education). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. NVivo 10 was used for theme detection, categorization and classification using inductive and deductive approaches. FPPs were identified and their relative distribution was examined across education and residential status.Results: Twenty FPPs were identified - 13 responsive practices and 7 unresponsive practices. Having food rules was the most common responsive FPP (81.5%), followed by feeding on schedule (60%) and making healthy food accessible (60%). Common unresponsive FPPs were letting child dictate preferences (70%), incentivizing food consumption (60%) and pressuring the child to eat (35%). Compared to fathers with a college education, more fathers without a college education reported letting child dictate preferences (92% vs. 37%), educating their children about food (37% vs 12%), fewer reported feeding on schedule (50% vs. 75%), modeling healthy practices (29% vs. 50%), and using distraction to feed (4% vs. 37%). Compared to residential fathers, more non-residential fathers monitored (60% vs. 40%) or encouraged (60% vs. 36%) child food intake and let child dictate preferences (87% vs. 60%).Conclusions: Fathers used an extensive variety of FPPs, similar to those identified in mothers. Further study on the influence of fathers' education and residential status on FPP use is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesTo study the impact of migration on food consumption among Indian factory workers and their siblings and spouses.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess diet using an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative FFQ from which intake of 184 commonly consumed food items was obtained.SettingsParticipants recruited from factory sites in Bangalore, Lucknow, Nagpur and Hyderabad.SubjectsThe sample comprised 7049 participants (41·6 % female), and included urban, migrant and rural groups.ResultsThirteen food items were eaten by the greatest proportion of individuals on a daily basis. These were all indigenous foods. The proportion of people consuming tandoori roti, dal with vegetables, potato and ghee on a daily basis was highest in the urban sample, intermediate in the migrant group and lowest in the rural group (P ≤ 0·01). The proportion of individuals consuming Western food on a weekly basis followed a similar trend.ConclusionsThe diet of this sample is predominantly indigenous in nature, irrespective of migration status, with the prevalence of daily Western food consumption being minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]