1. Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty acids in humans
- Author
-
Géraldine Enderli, Déborah Ancel, Michael Chevrot, Isabelle Robin, Sylvie Issanchou, Arnaud Bernard, Bruno Vergès, Patricia Passilly-Degrace, Philippe Besnard, Marlène Gomes, Sophie Nicklaus, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) ( NUTox ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Supported by the Burgundy Council and Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitie're (HumanFATaste program, to PB). MC is a PhD fellow of the HumanFATaste program., Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) (NUTox), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Bernard, Arnaud, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,obesity ,Chemical Phenomena ,MESH : Insulin ,[ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Cholesterol, VLDL ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,MESH: Food Habits ,Stimulation ,MESH: Energy Intake ,MESH : Taste ,MESH : Fasting ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,MESH: Cholesterol, VLDL ,MESH: Diet Records ,Insulin ,MESH: Obesity ,MESH : Physicochemical Phenomena ,Completely randomized design ,MESH : Food Habits ,Cross-Over Studies ,MESH: Middle Aged ,MESH : Food Preferences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Fasting ,Middle Aged ,Diet Records ,MESH : Triglycerides ,Sensory Thresholds ,Taste ,MESH : Obesity ,MESH: Triglycerides ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MESH : Male ,Linoleic acid ,MESH: Fasting ,MESH: Insulin ,MESH: Cross-Over Studies ,MESH: Body Mass Index ,Linoleic Acid ,MESH : Diet Records ,Food Preferences ,BMI ,MESH : Linoleic Acid ,Internal medicine ,Autonomic reflex ,medicine ,Humans ,MESH : Middle Aged ,human ,MESH: Food Preferences ,Triglycerides ,MESH : Cholesterol, VLDL ,MESH: Linoleic Acid ,MESH: Humans ,Cholesterol ,business.industry ,MESH : Humans ,MESH : Energy Intake ,Feeding Behavior ,MESH : Blood Glucose ,MESH : Cross-Over Studies ,medicine.disease ,Crossover study ,Obesity ,MESH: Male ,fat taste ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,MESH: Physicochemical Phenomena ,MESH : Body Mass Index ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,MESH: Blood Glucose ,MESH: Taste ,food preference ,MESH: Sensory Thresholds ,Energy Intake ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Body mass index ,MESH : Sensory Thresholds - Abstract
Background: The association between the orosensory detection of lipids, preference for fatty foods, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) is controversial in humans. Objective: We explored the oral lipid-sensing system and the orosensory-induced autonomic reflex system in lean and obese subjects. Design: Lean (BMI: 19 to ,25; n = 30) and obese (BMI .30; n = 29) age-matched men were enrolled. Their oral threshold sensitivity to linoleic acid (LA) was determined by using a 3-alternative forced-choice ascending procedure, and their eating habits were established by the analysis of 4 consecutive 24-h food-consumption diaries. The effect of brief oral lipid stimulations on plasma triglyceride [(TG)pl] concentrations was analyzed in overnight-fasted lean and obese individuals subjected to a whole-mouth stimulation (sipand-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsions for 5 min according to a within-subject randomized design. Results: A large distribution of LA detection was shown in both groups. Mean detection thresholds were 0.053% (wt:wt) and 0.071% (wt:wt) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. No relation between the LA detection threshold and BMI was observed. The 5 subjects who detected only the higher concentration of LA (5% wt: wt) or were unable to distinguish properly between control and LA emulsions were obese. An analysis of dietary habits showed that these obese LA nontasters consumed more lipids and energy than did all other subjects. Brief whole-mouth stimulations (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsion revealed an LAmediated rise in (TG)pl concentrations in overnight-fasted, lean subjects. The origin of this change seemed to be hepatic. This (TG)pl upregulation was not shown in obese subjects, which suggested that obesity led to disturbances in the oral-brainstem-periphery loop. Conclusion: Altogether, these data strongly suggest that obesity may interfere with the orosensory system responsible for the detection of free long-chain fatty acids in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02028975. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10. 3945/ajcn.113.077198.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF