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An in vitro simulation of digestion and fermentation model with feces bacteria was used to explore the probiotic capacity of Polyonatum cyrtonema Hua. polysaccharide (PCP) by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and determining changes in short-chain fatty acids via GC-MS. The results showed that the digestibility of PCP was not obviously found by in vitro simulating saliva-gastrointestinal digestion model. The addition of PCP could rapidly reduce the pH of fermentation broth. PCoA analysis showed that PCP had the effect of altering gut microbiota, which was similar with inulin. At the phylum level, compared to the blank control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinomycetes was significantly increased (P