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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a trailblazer in obtaining critical information in oral observational studies involving forensic medicine. It holds immense potential in forensic odontology. Machine learning’s involvement in our daily lives has doubled. The constructive upgraded mechanism of machine learning involved in exploring lip print patterns is a crucial perspective for future diagnostic studies. Objectives: To illuminate the significance and application of AI technology in forensic odontology, specifically lip print analysis. The cardinal objective is to identify the most effective algorithm for lip print analysis using AI. Methodology: The data for this study were collected by conducting a thorough search of articles published in reputable search engines between January 2010 and January 2024. The QUADAS-2 tool forms an impression of the risk of bias in the selected studies. Search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were extensively searched for data collection. Results: All studies shortlisted for this review present promising results. Results showed that of all algorithms, VGG16 and VGG19 are better than other algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Conclusion: Our focus in this study is to determine whether AI is efficient in providing results for lip print pattern analysis and standardize an AI network algorithm that works best for it.

Background: Cheiloscopy (lip-print studies) is an important tool for the identification of human bodies in social and criminal issues. Lip prints present the labial mucosa with characteristic grooves and lines specific to every person. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lip prints among an adolescent sample of the Albanian population in Kosovo, to determine the most prevalent lip-print pattern in both genders, and to determine if there are any differences between male and female lip prints. Methods and Results: A total of 100 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 were randomly selected from schools in southeastern Kosovo. The lip prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification (1970). For the analysis, the lips were divided into four quadrants: right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant. The analysis was done using a magnifying glass. In the present study, the slightly prevalent lip-print pattern among all subjects was Type II (25.0%), followed by Type I (20.0%), Type III (17.0%), Type IV (16.0%), Type I′ (16.0%), and Type V (6.0%). The lip prints of Type IV were slightly more common in female subjects (24.0%), followed by Type II (20.0%), Type I (18.0%), Type III (18.0%), Type I′ (12.0%), and Type V (8.0%). Type II was slightly more common in male subjects (30.0%), followed by Type I (22.0%), Type I′ (20/0%), Type III (16.0%), Type IV (8.0%), and Type V (8.0%). However, some differences between the sexes, with a tendency toward the predominance of Type IV in women and Type II in men, were not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference between the lip patterns by quadrants in women and men.

Purpose: Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods: This IRB approved blinded cross‐sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from 66 individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analysed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results: A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n = 76, 30.2%, and without habits n = 176, 69.8%) were analysed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi‐squared test, p = 0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is one of the investigative methods that utilises the anatomy and morphology of lips to identify individuals by their lip prints. Lip prints are a distinctive pattern made up of ridges and grooves on the labial mucosa, or sulci labiorum; cheiloscopy is the study of such patterns. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females aged between 18 and 25 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh for a period of 1 year i.e., from August 2021 to September 2022. Results: Each individual lips were divided into 4 regions- upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left and a total of 400 lip regions (100x4) were assessed for 6 types of lip groove patterns- Type I, Type I', Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V as per the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common type of lip print pattern in males was Type III (32.5%) while in females it was Type II (36%). Conclusion: Lip prints are distinctive to each person and can be used to identify a person and ascertain their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In criminal investigations and court cases, as well as in civil identification and civil litigation, forensic dentistry is essential. The analysis of lip prints is among the least invasive and cost effective way of human identification. Lip prints like blood groups can add as an adjunct in the investigations where in situations of mass disasters.The aim of the study was to assess and corelate lip pattern and blood groups in 100 study participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 participants, 50 male and 50 female were included in the study. The method followed was according to Costa and Caldas Technique, and the classification method followed was according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi Y et al. Result: Type 1 and Type 4 showed correlation with O positive blood group. Type III was seen with a predilection with B positive blood group. It was further observed that type 1 lip print type was seen more in males when compared to females. Females showed both Type 1 and Type 4 lip print. Discussion: The present study showed a trail of association with Type 1 and 4 in O positive blood group subjects. The Type 1 was seen in males and females, but females were more associated with Type 4 lip print. This study was in accordance with the results found by Kersarwani et al. in 2021. Conclusion: Though the present study showed no statistical significance it can be carried out with a larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to find out the difference in lip print pattern among live and dead individuals. Materials and Methods: A total number of 200 individuals (100 live and 100 dead individuals) were taken for the study. The live individuals were between 18-25 years of age and for dead individuals the lip prints were taken between 24-48 hours of death from the dead body. The lip prints from live individuals have been taken by traditional lipstick paper method described in the literature while for dead individuals it was taken by DIGITAL METHOD focussing camera on the lips. Results: The lip prints for live and dead individuals were studied by Suzuki & Tsuchihashi classification. In live individuals the lip patterns were Type I, I', II, III, IV and V while in dead subjects the same lip patterns of Type I, I', II, III, IV and V were found with significant difference. Conclusion: The study of lip prints for dead individuals has been for first time in the field of forensic odontology and this study is first of its kind in the academic literature. However, there is need for further study to be done in different parts of the world for different dead individuals lip print patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Human identification plays a vital role in crime investigation. Lip impressions are one of the evidences that may be left at crime scenes, which aid in the precise documentation process. The objectives of the current systematic review and meta-analysis (CMA) are to provide a deeper understanding of the use of cheiloscopy as a reliable method in sex identification and to establish the predominant lip print pattern found among different genders using the classification proposed by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Result:The most likely lip print present among males in the selected studies was type III (30.2%), followed by type II (29.9%), and type I comprised one-fifth of the sample size (21.1%). While among females, almost one-third were reported with type I lip print pattern (36.5%), followed by type II (28.9%). Furthermore, the results showed that the rate of type IV lip print pattern was similar between males and females (18.3% and 13.4%, respectively; P<0.059). Conclusion: Along with the other traditional methods of human identification, this study proved the distinctiveness of lip print (cheiloscopy) as an adjuvant tool for human identification and sex determination and no identically similar lip-print patterns appeared in two subjects. Further studies with larger sample sizes, different methodologies of assessing lip print are needed to confirm the current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of lip prints is clear from previous literature review that this evidence can be used for forensic purpose. While accepting that a body of data existed regarding the individuality of lip pattern, there is no credible research on the stability of the lip detail over time. The timescale in question could be measured in weeks and months or years. The former would be used in police investigations and the latter can be used by geneticist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: India is one of the largest countries which is inhabited by diverse populations of different tribes, castes, religious, and migrant groups. In forensic investigation, personal identification plays the greatest importance. Lip prints are considered as one such tool for personal identification. Study of lip prints is referred to as cheiloscopy and they are considered as unique in every individual just like fingerprints. Materials and Methods: Three hundred randomly selected specimens were taken in our study comprising of both the genders and of various regions from Odisha, West Bengal (WB) and Bihar was considered in the study. The age selected in our study ranged from 18 to 25 years comprising of 151 males and 149 females. Lip impression was made and viewed for different lip prints pattern under a magnifying glass of 10X. Results: There was a total of six lip print type identified in the present study. The type of lip print pattern found more in males was Type 2 and in females was Type 1. The type of lip print pattern found more in Bihar and WB was Type 2 and Odisha was Type 1. Conclusion: As the lip print is unique for every individual, Cheiloscopy is considered as a useful method of identification in forensic odontology. The study showed statistically significant difference in gender with a variation in geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People possess distinctive individual characteristics that help in the identification and elimination of evidence during a crime scene reconstruction. This is a study that focuses on the reviews regarding particular aspects of odontological and facial recognition systems influenced by the integrity of forensic science and related studies. Forensic Odontology is the permissible application of odontological studies which include studies about teeth, gums, palatals, and lips. It is a branch of forensic science that deals with the standard collection and examination of dental marks and the appropriate assessment and demonstration of this evidence as a form of an expert witness in court. Under odontology, there are variance sequences of sub-topics that have been discussed so far including Cheiloscopy, Rugoscopy, and Dentistry. Moreover, this paper also discusses molecular biology and facial forensics which are evenly contributed to odontology. The essential uses of forensic odontology in the determination of human remains are grounded upon the exceptional features that prevail in the teeth of different individuals. This plays a vital role in the documentation of human remains in manifestations such as tidal waves, earthquakes, landslides, explosions, etc. Materials and Methods: We surveyed to understand the awareness among the public regarding crimes and forensics. The response was created from the google sheet circulated and it showed that there are still few gaps between the people and the field of crime investigation using these varied methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust nature of teeth and their ability to resist destruction, make them indispensable evidence in cases where human identification by a scientific method is required. Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry that combines knowledge of teeth and oral and maxillofacial region of a dentist with the legal system. Dental identification has proven to be a boon in disaster victim identification. Besides teeth, an odontologist can also help identify unknown domains from other features such as the palatal rugae, lip prints, frontal sinus, etc. Forensic Odontology can also assist in the biological profiling of human remains by sex determination, age assessment, racial profiling, and information about habits or pathologies from dental traits. Dental age estimation is a crucial part of the age estimation process in the medico-legal system. Research has shown that dental age estimation by studying mineralization and development of teeth in children and young adults can be fairly accurate and supplement skeletal age assessment. Biological profiling is required to be done for reconstructive identification by forensic facial reconstruction, especially in cold cases. Equipped with the expertise of dental structures, oral and maxillofacial region, overall skull anthropology, forensic odontology can contribute towards the identification of skeletonized, decomposed, or mutilated remains especially in cold cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The present study was conducted to assess gender identification and this can be used as a reliable tool in the identification of an individual at any judicial process. Materials and Methods This study comprised of 82 dental students (42 females and 40 males) with age ranging from 19 to 21 years. Lip prints were recorded with the help of a cellophane tape strip and analysed according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification criteria. Results The mean age distribution among males was 20.07 ± 0.81 where as in females it was 19.78 ± 0.73. Distribution of different patterns in upper lip vertical patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular, branched and intersecting. Distribution of different patterns in lower lip branched patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular and verticals. Comparing between upper lip with lower lip pattern wise there was no statistically significant. Compared different patterns in relation with lower lip the values showing stastically significant (p≤0.05). Summary and Conclusions Lip prints or Cheiloscopy can be used an individual identification. The results obtained in our study do not show any evidence that cheiloscopy can be used as gender identification. This could be because of smaller sample size, we need larger sample to give consolidated evidence related with gender identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is the analysis of the lip prints, grooves, thicknesses, angles, and other structures of the lips that differentiate each individual in a similar way to biometrics. This study aimed to observe these lips characteristics and to verify if there is a labial pattern among the students of the UFVJM Dentistry course of that distinguishes them in genders. Fifty students were selected, photographed, and had their samples collected by printing their lips on transparent tape with wine 01 lipstick, evenly distributed with the aid of a flexible rod and attached on white paperboard and later classified for obtaining the data required for statistical analysis. When analyzing lip thickness, it was found that most of the students had thick lips - 78%, whereas regarding the position of the labial commissure, 50% of the students presented horizontal disposition. Through the classification system of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi the types of furrows were classified, type II being the most common in this research. Despite the evidence that, among the volunteering students, female lips are thinner than male lips, there were no statistically significant differences between men and women. However, there is a need for more studies that seek to validate and disseminate this technique in a standardized way so that it is a complementary tool in Forensic Dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of vital importance in forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal enquiries. The applicability of Cheiloscopy ( study of pattern of lip print), one of the easiest tools available in individual and medicolegal identification, is an area of extensive research in recent years. With the objective to investigate the uniqueness of lip patterns in relation to gender and blood groups, this study was conducted on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females. The lip prints obtained were studied by applying Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification.Type 2 (37%) was the most common lip print type in males and Type 3 (38.5%) was the most common lip print type in females. The Lower lip print can help in gender determination. No significant statistical correlation was found between the lip print patterns and blood group. Along with the traditional methods of identification like fingerprint analysis,Cheiloscopy can also be helpful in the identification of a person.However, the utility of the same in forensic medicine still remains largely untapped and unacknowledged. Similar studies with larger sample sizes are required to obtain statistically significant reports thereby allowing a more impactful emergence of lip print patterns usage in forensic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of forensic odontology among undergraduate dental students. Methodology: The data was collected through a questionnaire which contained 15 close-ended questions shared through online platform. And circulated amongst undergraduate dental students through online platform, all data were completely filled and statistical analysis was done. Result: The results of this study show that Interns were the group with the most Knowledge about Forensic Odontology (p=0.0004). 75% of the Interns scored >90 and contrastingly, around 30% of the IV, III, II and I years scored >90. Conclusion: This study divulges that there was adequate knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology amongst the Interns and very few of other group students (I, II, III and IVyear) have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding forensic odontology. Although the significance of maintenance of dental records are established, it has not been practiced among the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is the branch of forensic dentistry studying the patterns and the systems of the lips' grooves for identification purposes. Different authors have studied different ethnic population but no research has been carried out specific to the Italian population. This study aimed to describe the pattern and the system of lip grooves in an Italian population composed of 96 subjects. The lip prints were taken as follows: a thin film of lipstick was applied onto cleaned and dried inferior and superior lips. The impressions of the lips were taken using a transparent adhesive tape. The grooves were identified and classified according to the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi and a pattern was assigned. Sixty-eight different patterns were detected in the superior lips and 53 different patterns in the inferior lips. The most frequent pattern was the III-IV-IV-III and II-I-I-II for superior and inferior lips respectively. Within the limit of the sample size, the morphological analysis of the lip-prints confirmed their potential uniqueness in an Italian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the last 100 years, Forensic Odontology is becoming an integralpart of Medico Legal research which uses dental as well as oro-facial studies to aid in the investigation for judicial system. It can be used in legal investigations which involve the identification of human remains, bite marks and age estimation & the list goes on. Dental practitioners have a significant responsibility of keeping correct dental records and supplying the relevant details to law enforcement authorities'. This paper will attempt to sum up the current positions of Forensic Medicine dental experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of human remains is of paramount importance in any forensic investigation, as it is essential for legal, criminal, humanitarian and social grounds. In the era of science and technology, the digital techniques have presented new tools for solving medico legal problems. Digital Forensics or Computer Forensic Science helps in identifying, preserving, recovering and analysing the data thereby reducing the manpower. This review paper highlights the advent of various digital techniques in the field of Forensic Odontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of lip prints, is commonly applied in forensic odontology and it is known as cheiloscopy. The term cheiloscopy was derived from Greek words, in which "cheilos" means lip and "scopy" means to examine. In general, cheiloscopy is define as a method of identifying an individual based on the arrangement of lines seen on the red part of the lips or a science dealing with the various line appearing on the red part of the lips. The pattern of wrinkles and grooves that are present on the lips has distinct characteristic features of an individual which are almost similar to the fingerprints. It also will not change throughout the life. Therefore, it can be used for personal identification and sex determination. Aim: To investigate lip print pattern in males and females and to evaluate them between Malaysian and Indian population. Materials and Method: There were 40 participants of both gender. 20 of them are from the Malaysian population and another 20 people are from the Indian population. Each participant was instructed to clean their lips with a clean white cloth, before taking the lip print. This was followed by the application of dark coloured lip stick on lips by using the lip stick applicator. Cellophane tape was used to take the negative impression of the lip pattern. The glued portion of the cellophane tape was placed on the lips by giving a light pressure beginning from the centre of the lips till the corner of the mouth. Then, the impression was transferred to a clean white paper and seen under the magnifying glass. Results: Type I lip pattern was commonly seen in Indian population, followed by type III, II and IV. Whereas for Malaysian population, type III was most common followed by type I, II and IV. There was significant difference between both population. In this study, it showed that type I was the most common lip print pattern seen in both Indian and Malaysian population for females. Whereas for male, type III was more common in Malaysian population, and both type III and IV were more common in Indian population. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in both population according the general distribution of lip print pattern. There was no correlation or similarity of lip print patterns between each participants in both population. Thus, cheiloscopy can be used for sex determination and also personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cheiloscopy deals with the study of elevations and depressions which form a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. Lip grooves are considered to be unique and analogous to the fingerprint. The aim of the research was to determine the type of grooves on healthy lips of men and women using lip prints in a sample of Croatian population, to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between men and women in the types of grooves and to determine whether there are any differences between male and female lip prints. Material and methods: A randomly selected sample of Croatian population consisted of 40 male and 50 female subjects. The samples of lip grooves were classified according to Tsuchihashi classification. Results: The research has shown that most women in Croatia belong to Type 2 (40.0%), followed by Type 1 (34.0%), Type 3 (12.0%), Type 4 (8.0%), and Type 5 (6.0%) which is of less importance. Most Croatian men belong to Type 3 (35.0%) and Type 2 (25.0%). A small number of men belong to Type 4 (15.0%), Type 5 (12.5%) and Type1 (12.5%). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between men and women regarding the types of lip grooves.

This study aimed to develop and to assess an algorithm to facilitate lip print visualization, and to digitally analyze lip prints on different supports, by superimposition. It also aimed to classify lip prints according to sex. A batch image processing algorithm was developed, which facilitated the identification and extraction of information about lip grooves. However, it performed better for lip print images with a uniform background. Paper and glass slab allowed more correct identifications than glass and the both sides of compact disks. There was no significant difference between the type of support and the amount of matching structures located in the middle area of the lower lip. There was no evidence of association between types of lip grooves and sex. Lip groove patterns of type III and type I were the most common for both sexes. The development of systems for lip print analysis is necessary, mainly concerning digital methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although several studies have been done on lip prints for human identification in forensic science, there is a doubt about their use in gender determination. Aims: The present study was designed to study the lip groove patterns in all the quadrants of both male and female subjects to identify the sex, based on the patterns of the grooves of the lip prints. Study Design: 300 lip prints were collected from volunteers of D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar (UP). Materials and Methods: Lip prints were recorded with lip stick and transferred on to a glass slide. Statistical Analysis: Pearson chi-square test was adopted for statistical analysis and probability value (P value) was calculated. Conclusion: In our study, none of the lip prints were identical, thus confirming the role of lip prints in individual identification. According to Suzuki′s classification, Type I, II, III and IV patterns were significant in gender determination.

Lip print analysis, or cheiloscopy, has the potential to join fingerprints and retinal scans as an additional method to determine human identification. This preliminary study sought to determine agreement among 20 raters, forensic odontologists, using an often referenced system that categorizes lip prints into six classes related to the dominant pattern of vertical, horizontal, and intersecting lines. Lip prints were taken from 13 individuals, and raters categorized eight distinct regions of each print. In addition to ratings made while viewing the actual prints, the raters repeated the exercise using photographs of the lip prints. Multirater kappa, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, ranged between 0.15 for the actual prints and 0.25 for the photos, indicating only poor to fair levels of inter-rater reliability. While these results fail to support the use of lip prints for human identification, it is possible that more intensive training may yet produce adequate levels of reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: Cheiloscopy is a technique of forensic odontology or forensic science which deals with examination of lip traces and furrows. This work aimed to study in detail the lip prints of individuals (males and females) in North Maharashtra (Dhule), to determine the most common pattern and to evaluate the differences in lip prints between males and females. Subjects and Methods: Lip prints of 496 individuals (326 males and 170 females) were obtained. The lip prints were analyzed using Adobe® Photoshop® software and classified according to the classification given by El Domiaty et al. The Z-test (SPSS software version 10.0) was used to test the significant difference between males and females for different types of lip patterns. Results: Our study was able to establish the uniqueness of lip prints. C pattern was found to be most predominant, which is different from studies done in other areas. This shows that geographic variation does exist in lip prints with respect to the most common pattern. On evaluation of patterns among males and females, it was found that there were differences in upper lip patterns among males (type-H) and females (type-C), whereas they were same in lower lip. Therefore, upper lip patterns can be considered more definitive in sex prediction. Furthermore, the lateral segments showed more sexual dimorphism than the medial segments. Conclusions: This study established the uniqueness of lip prints. According to this finding, we would suggest the creation of database of a given area or neighborhood, which would act as a guideline or comparative reference in cases which require forensic assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Forensic odontology is a Latin word meaning "forum" for legal matter discussion. It's an area of dentistry where dental knowledge is applied for criminal and civil laws in justification. It is involved in the investigations to identify recovered human remains. It helps in determination of age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings. Comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records assists in identification. Thus forensic odontology has ignited lot of interest in the recent past that it has become a single positive method for identification in solving forensic cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic Dentistry is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It has been applied to variety of cases of civil and criminal, including identification, homicide, fraud, malpractice, professional misconduct and liability. It is the specialty with goal of investigating psychological, physical, chemical and biological phenomenon that can reach human being. Recent addition of DNA analysis to Forensic Dentistry is frequently used in identifying individuals or determining the origin of certain tissues. Since qualified forensic odontologists in India are very few, this paper reinforces awareness among the dental practitioners about the role of dentist in person identification and to awaken the social responsibility of maintaining dental records of all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forensic dentistry, a branch of forensic sciences, identify suspects with the uniqueness of oral and maxillofacial structures. Lip prints and palmprints are unique. Aims and objectives: The present study was carried out with the objectives of evaluating the correlation between lip prints and palmprints and heritability of lip prints and palmprints among parents and their off springs. The predominant pattern of lip prints and palmprints were also analyzed. Materials and methods: The study group comprised of 35 families from South Kerala population. Participants belonging to the same family pedigree--Father, mother, children of each family were selected. Results: The predominant lip pattern in the entire study population was Type II. The predominant palm pattern in the entire study population was Category 5 in both right and left palm. Lip pattern shows a positive correlation with right palm pattern, but it is statistically insignificant (p = 0.144). Lip pattern showed neither positive correlation nor significant association with the left palm. This study results revealed significant association between lip print patterns among parents and children (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The present study was conducted to find out the heritability and correlation of lip and palmprints in the South Kerala population. Lip pattern shows a positive correlation with right palm pattern, but it is statistically insignificant. Significant association between lip print patterns among parents and children were noticed in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal identification plays an inevitable role in forensic investigation. Lip print is one of the evidences that can be left in the crime scene, which helps in identification purpose. Hence, the present study was undertaken to provide deeper inside view of use of cheiloscopy in personal identification, focusing on sex and age variability of lip print patterns in the population of Rajnandgaon city, Chhattisgarh, India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 (100 males and 100 females) subjects of age 15-55 years, residing in different areas of Rajnandgaon city. The sex of the individual was determined as per the description given by Vahanwala et al. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were used for data analysis by SPSS 16.0 V software. Results: The most common lip print pattern in entire population was Type I (27.5%). Very highly significant difference was found in the distribution of lip print patterns among males and females in the entire population, group I, and group III, respectively (P < 0.0001). The overall accuracy of cheiloscopy in sex determination was (high) 87.95%, 87.65%, 90.5%, and 80% in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that lip prints can be used as one of the important forensic tools for personal identification on the basis of their age and gender variability among the populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Establishing a person's identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable, so there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity. Objective: The objective of the study was to check for any peculiar lip patterns and rugae patterns in relation to the sex of the individual and to analyze the degree of agreement between three observers. Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 378 subjects, which included 189 males and 189 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. Lip prints and rugae pattern were analysed by three independent observers. Results: Lip print of branched type was most commonly seen in females and cross-section in males. Wavy pattern was most common in males and females in palatal rugae. Conclusion: This study shows that lip prints and palatal rugae are unique to an individual and behold the potential for recognition of the sex of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is true that we have landed up in a very sophisticated and modernised era where the technology has outraged or excelled in every walk of life. But still, we are facing many new challenges especially in putting up a hault for the ever growing crime rates. Forensic dentistry proves out to be the major ray of hope where the conventional means of identification goes in vain. Forensic dental identifications, especially in times of manmade disasters, depend mainly on the availability of ante mortem dental records so it is the social responsibility of each and every dentist to maintain dental records of their patients for the noble cause of identification in the event of manmade disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification plays a major role in any crime investigation. The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. In the past decades, lip-print studies attracted the attention of many scientists as a new tool for human identification in both civil and criminal issues. The lip crease pattern is on the vermilion border of the lip, which is quite mobile and lip prints may vary in appearance according to the pressure, direction and method used in making the print. It concludes by enlightening the readers with the fact that the possibilities to use the red part of lips to identify a human being are wider than it is commonly thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. This is unique for individuals like the finger prints. Lip prints are hereditary yet considered to be individualistic, each possessing their own unique characteristics. For this reason it is safe to suggest that lip prints can be included in the forensic sciences arena as a legitimate means of identifying persons of interest connected with criminal activity. Lip prints thus hold potential promise as an instrumental tool in forensic odontology. The purpose of this article is to give an insight into this branch of forensic odontology with an emphasis on its historical background, techniques of recording it and its future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic odontology is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It primarily deals with the human identification based on recognition of unique features present in an individual's dental structures. Forensic investigations dealing with personal identification incorporates the application of fingerprints, anthropology, odontology, deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) profiling and many others. Cheiloscopy is one among them which is fast emerging and can be used as an effective tool for personal identification. The importance of cheiloscopy is linked to the fact that lip prints are unique to an individual, except in monozygotic twins. Apart from individualization, a wide array of studies revealed the immense role of lip prints in determining the gender. Moreover, lip patterns remain the same throughout life and are uninfluenced by environmental changes, diseases and trauma. Though many studies are conducted in the field of cheiloscopy, it has its own limitations. The scope of this presentation is to enumerate in brief, the various limitations of cheiloscopy, the knowledge of which might initiate the efforts in overcoming them in the subsequent studies, thus enabling cheiloscopic technique to emerge as a promising tool for personal identification and sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]