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Purpose of Review: Outbreaks of tree-killing bark beetles have reached unprecedented levels in conifer forests in the northern hemisphere and are expected to further intensify due to climate change. In parts of Europe, bark beetle outbreaks and efforts to manage them have even triggered social unrests and political instability. These events have increasingly challenged traditional responses to outbreaks, and highlight the need for a more comprehensive management framework. Recent Findings: Several synthesis papers on different aspects of bark beetle ecology and management exist. However, our understanding of outbreak drivers and impacts, principles of ecosystem management, governance, and the role of climate change in the dynamics of ecological and social systems has rapidly advanced in recent years. These advances are suggesting a reconsideration of previous management strategies. Summary: We synthesize the state of knowledge on drivers and impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in Europe and propose a comprehensive context-dependent framework for their management. We illustrate our ideas for two contrasting societal objectives that represent the end-members of a continuum of forest management goals: wood and biomass production and the conservation of biodiversity and natural processes. For production forests, we propose a management approach addressing economic, social, ecological, infrastructural, and legislative aspects of bark beetle disturbances. In conservation forests, where non-intervention is the default option, we elaborate under which circumstances an active intervention is necessary, and whether such an intervention is in conflict with the objective to conserve biodiversity. Our approach revises the current management response to bark beetles in Europe and promotes an interdisciplinary social-ecological approach to dealing with disturbances.

International audience; Natural disturbances have always affected forest ecosystems, altering or disrupting the flows of goods and services provided by forests. In response, people have had to adapt their economic activities and decisions to take such hazards into account and to limit their consequences. In this paper, we conduct a survey on how economic analysis deals with such an issue, considering the different natural hazards affecting forests. Our database (described in and publicly available from Data in Brief website Montagné-Huck and Brunette (2018)) includes 340 papers collected from 1916 to 2014. This literature review allows synthesizing the existing knowledge, characterizing forest disturbances and identifying gaps in the literature.

This paper provides a socio-economic view of the question of sustainable management indicators (SMI) for French forests (as published in the 2010 edition - MAAPRAT, 2011). The first part of the paper discusses some aspects related to the definition and the typology of indicators. A new integrated approach is proposed which distinguishes the indicators as between input, context-constraint-hazard or output for forestry. This approach shows that all SMIs are potentially socio-economic in character, and the fact that in their present form, the indicators for the sustainable management of French forests focus mainly on the state of forest resources and products. As a result, it appears difficult to assess the system's flows and responses. The second part of the paper deals with the use of the indicators for sustainable management of French forests in the field of public policy analysis (certification schemes and national forest program). Finally, we discuss the complexities related to the construction and analysis of the indicators and offer some avenues for reflection. This attempt to view sustainable forest management indicators in a socio-economic light is intended to contribute to the debate and offer a starting point for a more detailed analysis of the system of criteria and indicators.; L'article s'intéresse à l'étude des indicateurs de gestion durable (IGD) des forêts métropolitaines françaises, présentés dans le rapport 2010 du ministère en charge de l'agriculture (MAAPRAT, 2011), dans une perspective socioéconomique. La première partie propose une discussion sur la définition et la classification des IGD. Une approche intégrée distinguant les indicateurs relatifs aux inputs, aux contextes, contraintes et aléas, et aux outputs de l'activité forestière permet de montrer que tous les IGD ont potentiellement un caractère économique et social et de souligner que les IGD actuels sont majoritairement focalisés sur l'état de la ressource et sur les produits. Ainsi, ils permettent mal d'évaluer les flux et les réponses du système. La deuxième partie illustre l'usage des IGD pour l'analyse des politiques publiques (certification et programme forestier national). Enfin la troisième partie souligne la complexité de la construction et de l'analyse des IGD et propose quelques pistes de réflexion. Cet essai d'analyse socioéconomique des IGD a vocation à ouvrir le débat et à servir de point d'appui possible à une analyse à la fois globale et détaillée du système de critères et indicateurs.