18 results on '"Borgo, Stefano"'
Search Results
2. The Role of Foundational Ontologies in Manufacturing Domain Applications
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano, Leitão, Paulo, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Meersman, Robert, editor, and Tari, Zahir, editor
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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3. GUM: The generalized upper model.
- Author
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Bateman, John A., Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
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ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *NATURAL language processing - Abstract
GUM is a linguistically-motivated ontology originally developed to support natural language processing systems by offering a level of representation intermediate between linguistic forms and domain knowledge. Whereas modeling decisions for individual domains may need to be responsive to domain-specific criteria, a linguistically-motivated ontology offers a characterization that generalizes across domains because its design criteria are derived independently both of domain and of application. With respect to this mediating role, the use of GUM resembles (and partially predates) the adoption of upper ontologies as tools for mediating across domains and for supporting domain modeling. This paper briefly introduces the ontology, setting out its origins, design principles and applications. The example cases for this special issue are then described, illustrating particularly some of the principal differences and similarities of GUM to non-linguistically motivated upper ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. YAMATO: Yet-another more advanced top-level ontology.
- Author
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Mizoguchi, Riichiro, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
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ONTOLOGY , *MODERN society , *ENGINEERING design , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
yamato sharply distinguishes itself from other existing upper ontologies in the following respects. (1) Most importantly, yamato is designed with both engineering and philosophical minds. (2) yamato is based on a sophisticated theory of roles, given that the world is full of roles. (3) yamato has a tenable theory of functions which helps to deal with artifacts effectively. (4) Information is a 'content-bearing' entity and it differs significantly from the entities that philosophers have traditionally discussed. Taking into account the modern society in which a flood of information occurs, yamato has a sophisticated theory of informational objects (representations). (5) Quality and quantity are carefully organized for the sake of greater interoperability of real-world data. (6) The philosophical contribution of yamato includes a theory of objects, processes, and events. Those features are illustrated with several case studies. These features lead to the intensive application of yamato in some domains such as biomedicine and learning engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. DOLCE: A descriptive ontology for linguistic and cognitive engineering1.
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano, Ferrario, Roberta, Gangemi, Aldo, Guarino, Nicola, Masolo, Claudio, Porello, Daniele, Sanfilippo, Emilio M., Vieu, Laure, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
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ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *ONTOLOGY , *SOCIOTECHNICAL systems , *CULTURAL property , *HUMAN beings , *PUBLIC domain - Abstract
dolce, the first top-level (foundational) ontology to be axiomatized, has remained stable for twenty years and today is broadly used in a variety of domains. dolce is inspired by cognitive and linguistic considerations and aims to model a commonsense view of reality, like the one human beings exploit in everyday life in areas as diverse as socio-technical systems, manufacturing, financial transactions and cultural heritage. dolce clearly lists the ontological choices it is based upon, relies on philosophical principles, is richly formalized, and is built according to well-established ontological methodologies, e.g. OntoClean. Because of these features, it has inspired most of the existing top-level ontologies and has been used to develop or improve standards and public domain resources (e.g. CIDOC CRM, DBpedia and WordNet). Being a foundational ontology, dolce is not directly concerned with domain knowledge. Its purpose is to provide the general categories and relations needed to give a coherent view of reality, to integrate domain knowledge, and to mediate across domains. In these 20 years dolce has shown that applied ontologies can be stable and that interoperability across reference and domain ontologies is a reality. This paper briefly introduces the ontology and shows how to use it on a few modeling cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. TUpper: A top level ontology within standards1.
- Author
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Grüninger, Michael, Ru, Yi, Thai, Jona, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,ONTOLOGY ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Upper ontologies have traditionally arisen from the approach in which concepts that are common across a set of domains can be axiomatized at a general level. The rationale is that reuse across domains is to be supported through specialization of the general concepts from an upper ontology. Similarly, semantic integration between ontologies is to be achieved through the general concepts they specialize. The TUpper Ontology follows an alternative approach (referred to as the sideways approach) to the conventional upper ontology paradigm. Rather than think of an upper ontology as a monolithic axiomatization centred on a taxonomy, the sideways approach considers an upper ontology to be a modular ontology composed of generic ontologies that cover concepts including those related to time, process, and space. TUpper is therefore composed of a set of generic ontologies, and each generic ontology axiomatizes a particular set of generic concepts (e.g., the classes and relations relevant for time, process, and space). The TUpper Ontology is designed as a top-level ontology that contains modules from the ontologies within existing international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. DOLCE: A descriptive ontology for linguistic and cognitive engineering1.
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano, Ferrario, Roberta, Gangemi, Aldo, Guarino, Nicola, Masolo, Claudio, Porello, Daniele, Sanfilippo, Emilio M., Vieu, Laure, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,ONTOLOGY ,SOCIOTECHNICAL systems ,CULTURAL property ,HUMAN beings ,PUBLIC domain - Abstract
dolce, the first top-level (foundational) ontology to be axiomatized, has remained stable for twenty years and today is broadly used in a variety of domains. dolce is inspired by cognitive and linguistic considerations and aims to model a commonsense view of reality, like the one human beings exploit in everyday life in areas as diverse as socio-technical systems, manufacturing, financial transactions and cultural heritage. dolce clearly lists the ontological choices it is based upon, relies on philosophical principles, is richly formalized, and is built according to well-established ontological methodologies, e.g. OntoClean. Because of these features, it has inspired most of the existing top-level ontologies and has been used to develop or improve standards and public domain resources (e.g. CIDOC CRM, DBpedia and WordNet). Being a foundational ontology, dolce is not directly concerned with domain knowledge. Its purpose is to provide the general categories and relations needed to give a coherent view of reality, to integrate domain knowledge, and to mediate across domains. In these 20 years dolce has shown that applied ontologies can be stable and that interoperability across reference and domain ontologies is a reality. This paper briefly introduces the ontology and shows how to use it on a few modeling cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. BFO: Basic Formal Ontology1.
- Author
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Otte, J. Neil, Beverley, John, Ruttenberg, Alan, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,ONTOLOGY ,INFORMATION design - Abstract
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology consisting of thirty-six classes, designed to support information integration, retrieval, and analysis across all domains of scientific investigation, presently employed in over 350 ontology projects around the world. BFO is a genuine top-level ontology, containing no terms particular to material domains, such as physics, medicine, or psychology. In this paper, we demonstrate how a series of cases illustrating common types of change may be represented by universals, defined classes, and relations employing the BFO framework. We provide discussion of these cases to provide a template for other ontologists using BFO, as well as to facilitate comparison with the strategies proposed by ontologists using different top-level ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. GFO: The General Formal Ontology.
- Author
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Loebe, Frank, Burek, Patryk, Herre, Heinrich, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
ONTOLOGY ,ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,SET theory - Abstract
The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is a top-level ontology that is being developed at the University of Leipzig since 1999. Besides introducing some of the basic principles of the ontology, we expound axiomatic fragments of its formalization and present ontological models of several use cases. GFO is a top-level ontology that integrates objects and processes into a unified framework, in a way that differs significantly from other ontologies. Another unique selling feature of GFO is its meta-ontological architecture, which includes set theory into ontology and which accounts for its specific role in common representation approaches. The second level of that architecture starts from the distinction of categories and individuals, which forms the backbone of the world's structure. Furthermore, GFO comprises several kinds of categories, among them universals and concepts, and it considers several ontological regions and levels. In the context of this special issue paper, we study five pre-determined use cases from the perspective of GFO. The results of these analyses yield insights into how the ontology treats several important notions. Very abridged, this covers material objects and their composition; roles and social entities; properties with their relations to objects and processes, and their changing; changes of processes, including a functional perspective; and, eventually, the nature and changing of concepts as well as terminology. A final part summarizes application projects that use GFO in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology.
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Guizzardi, Giancarlo, Botti Benevides, Alessander, Fonseca, Claudenir M., Porello, Daniele, Almeida, João Paulo A., Prince Sales, Tiago, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
UNIDENTIFIED flying objects ,ONTOLOGY ,ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,COGNITIVE science ,CONCEPTUAL models - Abstract
The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) was developed over the last two decades by consistently putting together theories from areas such as formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logics. It comprises a number of micro-theories addressing fundamental conceptual modeling notions, including entity types and relationship types. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current state of UFO, presenting a formalization of the ontology, along with the analysis of a number of cases to illustrate the application of UFO and facilitate its comparison with other foundational ontologies in this special issue. (The cases originate from the First FOUST Workshop – the Foundational Stance, an international forum dedicated to Foundational Ontology research.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Some open issues after twenty years of formal ontology
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano and Hitzler, Pascal
- Subjects
Formal Ontology - Abstract
Twenty years ago, the first conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 1998) made clear the state of the art and the problems that research on ontology needed to face to have an impact on applications. It is time to take stock and evaluate what remains to be done.
- Published
- 2018
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12. A first-order formalization of event, object, process and role in YAMATO
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano and Mizoguchi, Riichiro
- Subjects
Event ,Yamato ,Process ,Object ,Role ,Formal ontology - Abstract
Upper ontologies are sophisticated systems that require an expressive language to be properly formalized and correctly implemented. This paper provides a formal study of one of these ontologies, called YAMATO, by providing an axiomatization in first-order logic of part of the main system. YAMATO, which has been available in OWL for some years and is used in research projects as well as in applications, is quite rich in terms of categories and relations. The system is also interesting from its ontological perspective as it presents a different combination of ontological choices with respects to todays popular upper ontologies. Here we isolate a fairly compact fragment of this system that covers important categories, such as Process and Role, and relations, such as Enacting and CausallyContributing. The axiomatization is a first step towards the full exploitation of YAMATO in information and computational systems.
- Published
- 2014
13. Technical artifact: An integrated perspective
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano [1], Franssen, Maarten [2], Garbacz, Pawel [3], Kitamura, Yoshinobu [4], Mizoguchi, Riichiro [4], and Vermaas, Pieter E. [2]
- Subjects
Technical artifact ,formal ontology ,natural-artificial distinction - Abstract
In this paper three perspectives are presented on defining the general notion of technical artifacts in formal ontologies. These perspectives share two intuitions: that technical artifacts are objects that exist by human intervention; and that technical artifacts are to be contrasted to natural entities. Yet the perspectives are different in the way they spell out these intuitions: the relevant human intervention may range from intentional selection to intentional production; and the contrast between technical artifacts and natural entities may be introduced by a constitution relation or by defining properties that set technical artifacts apart. The three perspectives are compared and their similarities and dissimilarities are explored.
- Published
- 2011
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14. Technical artifacts: An integrated perspective.
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano, Franssen, Maarten, Garbacz, Paweł, Kitamura, Yoshinobu, Mizoguchi, Riichiro, and Vermaas, Pieter E.
- Subjects
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ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *ANTIQUITIES , *DATA structures , *INFORMATION retrieval research , *DOCUMENTATION - Abstract
Humans are always interested in distinguishing natural and artificial entities although there is no sharp demarcation between the two categories. Surprisingly, things do not improve when the second type of entities is restricted to the arguably more constrained realm of physical technical artifacts. This paper helps to clarify the relationship between natural entities and technical artifacts by developing a conceptual landscape within which to analyze these notions. The framework is developed by studying three definitions of technical artifact which arise from different perspectives. All these perspectives share two intuitions: that technical artifacts are physical objects that exist by human intervention; and that technical artifacts are entities to be contrasted to natural entities. Yet the perspectives are different in the way they spell out these intuitions: the relevant human intervention may range from intentional selection to intentional production; and the contrast between technical artifacts and natural entities may be introduced by a constitution relation or by defining properties that set technical artifacts apart. The three perspectives are compared and their similarities and dissimilarities are explored with the help of ontological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Two ontology-driven formalisations of functions and their comparison.
- Author
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Garbacz, Pawel, Borgo, Stefano, Carrara, Massimiliano, and Vermaas, PieterE.
- Subjects
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ENGINEERING design , *ONTOLOGY , *FORMALIZATION (Linguistics) , *OPERATIONAL definitions , *TRANSLATING & interpreting , *CONCEPTS - Abstract
In this paper, we give formalisations of two engineering concepts of technical function and present in more general terms the project of supporting functional description translation by ontological analysis. The formalisations are given within the foundational dolce ontology and the concepts formalised are as follows: (1) the function as defined in the Functional Representation approach by Chandrasekaran and Josephson and (2) the function as defined in the Functional Basis approach by Stone and Wood. These two concepts represent two main ways of understanding functions in engineering: the first by means of the behaviour of artefacts, and the second by means of operations on flows as performed by artefacts. We analyse the similarities and differences between these concepts by means of the formalisations and show how the formalisations support the automated translation between functional descriptions based on these two concepts. In addition, we compare our strategy of formalising different engineering concepts of function within one foundational ontology with other strategies in the ontology-driven formalisation, such as defining a single formalised concept of function, either for replacing existing engineering concepts, or for use as a reference by which such existing concepts can be related. We compare these strategies and sketch the merits and shortcomings of our strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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16. Formalizations of functions within the dolce ontology
- Author
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Borgo, Stefano, Carrara, Massimiliano, Garbacz, Pawel, and Pieter E. Vermaas
- Subjects
Functional representation ,DOLCE ,Function ,Formal ontology ,Functional basis - Abstract
In this paper we give formalizations of two engineering concepts of technical functions and present in more general terms the project of supporting engineering functional reasoning by means of ontological analyses. The concepts that we formalize are the concepts of function as defined in the Functional Representation approach by Chandrasekaran and Josephson and in the Functional Basis approach by Stone and Wood. These two concepts represent two main ways of understanding functions in engineering: the first by means of the behavior of artifacts, and the second by means of operations on flows as preformed by artifacts. Both formalizations are given within the foundational DOLCE ontology. Our choice to formalize existing concepts of functions within a single foundational ontology, is one strategy towards the goal of ontological analyses of functions. This goal of enabling the development of tools for automated functional reasoning, may be realized by other strategies as well, such as defining a single formalized concept of function, either for replacing existing concepts or for use as a reference to which existing concepts should be related. We compare these strategies briefly and discuss the merits and shortcomings of our strategy. © Organizing Committee of TMCE 2010 Symposium.
17. TUpper: A top level ontology within standards1.
- Author
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Grüninger, Michael, Ru, Yi, Thai, Jona, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
- *
ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *ONTOLOGY , *STANDARDS - Abstract
Upper ontologies have traditionally arisen from the approach in which concepts that are common across a set of domains can be axiomatized at a general level. The rationale is that reuse across domains is to be supported through specialization of the general concepts from an upper ontology. Similarly, semantic integration between ontologies is to be achieved through the general concepts they specialize. The TUpper Ontology follows an alternative approach (referred to as the sideways approach) to the conventional upper ontology paradigm. Rather than think of an upper ontology as a monolithic axiomatization centred on a taxonomy, the sideways approach considers an upper ontology to be a modular ontology composed of generic ontologies that cover concepts including those related to time, process, and space. TUpper is therefore composed of a set of generic ontologies, and each generic ontology axiomatizes a particular set of generic concepts (e.g., the classes and relations relevant for time, process, and space). The TUpper Ontology is designed as a top-level ontology that contains modules from the ontologies within existing international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. BFO: Basic Formal Ontology1.
- Author
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Otte, J. Neil, Beverley, John, Ruttenberg, Alan, Borgo, Stefano, Galton, Antony, and Kutz, Oliver
- Subjects
- *
ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *ONTOLOGY , *INFORMATION design - Abstract
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology consisting of thirty-six classes, designed to support information integration, retrieval, and analysis across all domains of scientific investigation, presently employed in over 350 ontology projects around the world. BFO is a genuine top-level ontology, containing no terms particular to material domains, such as physics, medicine, or psychology. In this paper, we demonstrate how a series of cases illustrating common types of change may be represented by universals, defined classes, and relations employing the BFO framework. We provide discussion of these cases to provide a template for other ontologists using BFO, as well as to facilitate comparison with the strategies proposed by ontologists using different top-level ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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