Search

We prove that the category of continuous lattices and meet- and directed join-preserving maps is dually equivalent, via the hom functor to $[0,1]$, to the category of complete Archimedean meet-semilattices equipped with a finite meet-preserving action of the monoid of continuous monotone maps of $[0,1]$ fixing $1$. We also prove an analogous duality for completely distributive lattices. Moreover, we prove that these are essentially the only well-behaved "sound classes of joins $\Phi$, dual to a class of meets" for which "$\Phi$-continuous lattice" and "$\Phi$-algebraic lattice" are different notions, thus for which a $2$-valued duality does not suffice., Comment: 15 pages

We prove the a.e. nonamenability of quasi-pmp locally finite Borel graphs whose every component admits at least three nonvanishing ends with respect to the underlying Radon-Nikodym cocycle. We witness their nonamenability by constructing Borel subforests with at least three nonvanishing ends per component, and then applying Tserunyan and Tucker-Drob's recent characterization of amenability for acyclic quasi-pmp Borel graphs. Our main technique is a weighted cycle-cutting algorithm, which yields a weight-maximal spanning forest. We also introduce a random version of this forest, which generalizes the Free Minimal Spanning Forest, to capture nonunimodularity in the context of percolation theory., 31 pages, 3 figures

We extend the Becker--Kechris topological realization and change-of-topology theorems for Polish group actions in several directions. For Polish group actions, we prove a single result that implies the original Becker--Kechris theorems, as well as Sami's and Hjorth's sharpenings adapted levelwise to the Borel hierarchy; automatic continuity of Borel actions via homeomorphisms; and the equivalence of "potentially open" versus "orbitwise open" Borel sets. We also characterize "potentially open" $n$-ary relations, thus yielding a topological realization theorem for invariant Borel first-order structures. We then generalize to groupoid actions, and prove a result subsuming Lupini's Becker--Kechris-type theorems for open Polish groupoids, newly adapted to the Borel hierarchy, as well as topological realizations of actions on fiberwise topological bundles and bundles of first-order structures. Our proof method is new even in the classical case of Polish groups, and is based entirely on formal algebraic properties of category quantifiers; in particular, we make no use of either metrizability or the strong Choquet game. Consequently, our proofs work equally well in the non-Hausdorff context, for open quasi-Polish groupoids, and more generally in the point-free context, for open localic groupoids., 59 pages

We show that in a category with pullbacks, arbitrary sifted colimits may be constructed as filtered colimits of reflexive coequalizers. This implies that "lex sifted colimits", in the sense of Garner--Lack, decompose as Barr-exactness plus filtered colimits commuting with finite limits. We also prove generalizations of these results for $\kappa$-small sifted and filtered colimits, and their interaction with $\lambda$-small limits in place of finite ones, generalizing Garner's characterization of algebraic exactness in the sense of Ad\'amek--Lawvere--Rosick\'y. Along the way, we prove a general result on classes of colimits, showing that the $\kappa$-small restriction of a saturated class of colimits is still "closed under iteration"., Comment: 15 pages; expanded Section 6 to discuss algebraic exactness; reorganized Section 4

We explain how Johnstone's 1989 proof of the closed subgroup theorem for localic groups can be viewed as a point-free version of Pettis's theorem for Baire topological groups. We then use it to derive localic versions of the open mapping theorem and automatic continuity of Borel homomorphisms, as well as the non-existence of binary coproducts of complete Boolean algebras., Comment: 12 pages

We systematically develop analogs of basic concepts from classical descriptive set theory in the context of pointless topology. Our starting point is to take the elements of the free complete Boolean algebra generated by the frame $\mathcal{O}(X)$ of opens to be the "$\infty$-Borel sets" in a locale $X$. We show that several known results in locale theory may be interpreted in this framework as direct analogs of classical descriptive set-theoretic facts, including e.g., the Lusin separation, Lusin-Suslin, and Baire category theorems for locales; we also prove several extensions of these results. We give a detailed analysis of various notions of image, and prove that a continuous map need not have an $\infty$-Borel image. We introduce the category of "analytic $\infty$-Borel locales" as the regular completion under images of the unary site of locales and $\infty$-Borel maps, and prove analogs of several classical results about analytic sets, such as a boundedness theorem for well-founded analytic relations. We also consider the "positive $\infty$-Borel sets" of a locale, formed from opens without using $\neg$. We in fact work throughout with $\kappa$-copresented $\kappa$-locales and $\kappa$-Borel sets for arbitrary regular $\omega_1 \le \kappa \le \infty$, thereby incorporating the classical context as the special case $\kappa = \omega_1$. The basis for the aforementioned localic results is a detailed study of various known and new methods for presenting $\kappa$-frames, $\kappa$-Boolean algebras, etc. In particular, we introduce a new type of "two-sided posite" for presenting $(\kappa, \kappa)$-frames $A$ (i.e., both $A$ and $A^{op}$ are $\kappa$-frames), and use this to prove a general $\kappa$-ary interpolation theorem for $(\kappa, \kappa)$-frames, which dualizes to the aforementioned separation theorems., Comment: 121 pages

We prove that every open $\sigma$-locally Polish groupoid $G$ is Borel equivalent to the groupoid of models on the Urysohn sphere $\mathbb{U}$ of an $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1\omega}$-sentence in continuous logic. In particular, the orbit equivalence relations of such groupoids are up to Borel bireducibility precisely those of Polish group actions, answering a question of Lupini. Analogously, every non-Archimedean (i.e., every unit morphism has a neighborhood basis of open subgroupoids) open quasi-Polish groupoid is Borel equivalent to the groupoid of models on $\mathbb{N}$ of an $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1\omega}$-sentence in discrete logic. The proof in fact gives a topological representation of $G$ as the groupoid of isomorphisms between a "continuously varying" family of structures over the space of objects of $G$, constructed via a topological Yoneda-like lemma of Moerdijk for localic groupoids and its metric analog. Other ingredients in our proof include the Lopez-Escobar theorem for continuous logic, a uniformization result for full Borel functors between open quasi-Polish groupoids, a uniform Borel version of Kat\v{e}tov's construction of $\mathbb{U}$, groupoid versions of the Pettis and Birkhoff--Kakutani theorems, and a development of the theory of non-Hausdorff topometric spaces and their quotients., Comment: 70 pages

We prove that the category $\mathsf{SBor}$ of standard Borel spaces is the (bi-)initial object in the 2-category of countably complete Boolean (countably) extensive categories. This means that $\mathsf{SBor}$ is the universal category admitting some familiar algebraic operations of countable arity (e.g., countable products, unions) obeying some simple compatibility conditions (e.g., products distribute over disjoint unions). More generally, for any infinite regular cardinal $\kappa$, the dual of the category $\kappa\mathsf{Bool}_\kappa$ of $\kappa$-presented $\kappa$-complete Boolean algebras is (bi-)initial in the 2-category of $\kappa$-complete Boolean ($\kappa$-)extensive categories., Comment: 28 pages

Quasi-Polish spaces were introduced by de Brecht as a possibly non-Hausdorff generalization of Polish spaces sharing many of their descriptive set-theoretic properties. We give a self-contained exposition of the basic theory of quasi-Polish spaces, based on their "logical" characterization as $\mathbf{\Pi}^0_2$ subspaces of countable powers of Sierpinski space, with several new proofs emphasizing this point of view as well as making more extensive use of Baire category techniques., Comment: 20 pages; simplified proof of game characterization; various minor fixes

This thesis consists of four independent papers. In the first paper, joint with Kechris, we study the global aspects of structurability in the theory of countable Borel equivalence relations. For a class K of countable relational structures, a countable Borel equivalence relation E is said to be K-structurable if there is a Borel way to put a structure in K on each E-equivalence class. We show that K-structurability interacts well with various preorders commonly used in the classification of countable Borel equivalence relations. We consider the poset of classes of K-structurable equivalence relations for various K, under inclusion, and show that it is a distributive lattice. Finally, we consider the effect on K-structurability of various model-theoretic properties of K; in particular, we characterize the K such that every K-structurable equivalence relation is smooth. In the second paper, we consider the classes of Kn-structurable equivalence relations, where Kn is the class of n-dimensional contractible simplicial complexes. We show that every Kn-structurable equivalence relation Borel embeds into one structurable by complexes in Kn with the further property that each vertex belongs to at most Mn := 2n-1(n2+3n+2)-2 edges; this generalizes a result of Jackson-Kechris-Louveau in the case n=1. In the third paper, we consider the amalgamation property from model theory in an abstract categorical context. A category is said to have the amalgamation property if every pushout diagram has a cocone. We characterize the finitely generated categories I such that in every category with the amalgamation property, every I-shaped diagram has a cocone. In the fourth paper, we prove a strong conceptual completeness theorem (in the sense of Makkai) for the infinitary logic Lω1ω: every countable Lω1ω-theory can be canonically recovered from its standard Borel groupoid of countable models, up to a suitable syntactical notion of equivalence. This implies that given two theories (L,T) and (L',T'), every Borel functor Mod(L',T') → Mod(L,T) between the respective groupoids of countable models is Borel naturally isomorphic to the functor induced by some L'ω1ω-interpretation of T in T', which generalizes a recent result of Harrison-Trainor, Miller, and Montalban in the case where T, T' are ℵ0-categorical.

We prove a strong conceptual completeness theorem (in the sense of Makkai) for the infinitary logic $\mathcal L_{��_1��}$: every countable $\mathcal L_{��_1��}$-theory can be canonically recovered from its standard Borel groupoid of countable models, up to a suitable syntactical notion of equivalence. This implies that given two theories $(\mathcal L, \mathcal T)$ and $(\mathcal L', \mathcal T')$ (in possibly different languages $\mathcal L, \mathcal L'$), every Borel functor $\mathsf{Mod}(\mathcal L', \mathcal T') \to \mathsf{Mod}(\mathcal L, \mathcal T)$ between the respective groupoids of countable models is Borel naturally isomorphic to the functor induced by some $\mathcal L'_{��_1��}$-interpretation of $\mathcal T$ in $\mathcal T'$. This generalizes a recent result of Harrison-Trainor, Miller, and Montalb��n in the case where $\mathcal T, \mathcal T'$ each have a single countable model up to isomorphism., 49 pages; minor revisions