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1. Generating Two Continuous Entangled Microwave Beams Using a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author

Björn Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Carles Altimiras, Pérola Milman, M. P. Westig, Gerbold Menard, Göran Johansson, Max Hofheinz, Simon Dambach, Fabien Portier, Y. Mukharsky, A. Peugeot, P. Joyez, Joachim Ankerhold, Patrice Roche, Juha Leppäkangas, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Joyez, Philippe, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Institut Quantique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Coherence time, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum entanglement, Entropy of entanglement, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Resonator, microwave quantum optics, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), ddc:530, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, superconductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 0210 nano-technology, entanglement, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), DC bias, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We show experimentally that a dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators emits entangled beams of microwaves leaking out of the resonators. In the absence of a stationary phase reference for characterizing the entanglement of the outgoing beams, we measure second-order coherence functions for proving entanglement up to an emission rate of 2.5 billion photon pairs per second. The experimental results are found in quantitative agreement with theory, proving that the low frequency noise of the dc bias is the main limitation for the coherence time of the entangled beams. This agreement allows us to evaluate the entropy of entanglement of the resonators, and to identify the improvements that could bring this device closer to a useful bright source of entangled microwaves for quantum-technological applications.

Published
2021
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2. Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author

Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, P. Joyez, Simon Dambach, Denis Vion, M. P. Westig, H. le Sueur, Chloé Rolland, Joachim Ankerhold, A. Peugeot, Bjoern Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Y. Mukharsky, Carles Altimiras, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Correlation function (quantum field theory), 01 natural sciences, Omega, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, superconductivity, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik, coulomb blockade, Order (ring theory), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

We show experimentally that a dc biased Josephson junction in series with a high-enough-impedance microwave resonator emits antibunched photons. Our resonator is made of a simple microfabricated spiral coil that resonates at 4.4 GHz and reaches a $1.97\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ characteristic impedance. The second order correlation function of the power leaking out of the resonator drops down to 0.3 at zero delay, which demonstrates the antibunching of the photons emitted by the circuit at a rate of $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ photons per second. Results are found in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. This simple scheme could offer an efficient and bright single-photon source in the microwave domain.

Published
2019
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3. Bright On-Demand Source of Antibunched Microwave Photons Based on Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling

Author

Romain Albert, Jean-Luc Thomassin, E. Dupont-Ferrier, F. Blanchet, Max Hofheinz, Fabien Portier, Dibyendu Hazra, Frédéric Gustavo, Alexander Grimm, Salha Jebari, Juha Leppäkangas, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département de physique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Photon, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, Quantum computer, Physics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Physics - Applied Physics, Coherent control, Qubit, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic physics, Cooper pair, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

International audience; Single-photon generation is an important proof of the underlying quantum nature of a physical process and a ubiquitous tool for scientific exploration, with applications ranging from spectroscopy and metrology to quantum computing. In the microwave regime, emission of antibunched radiation has so far relied on coherent control of Josephson qubits requiring precisely calibrated microwave pulses. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the operation of a bright on-demand source of quantum microwave radiation driven by a simple dc voltage bias across a Josephson junction. Our source is based on photon emission into a microwave resonator through inelastic Cooper pair tunneling regulated by a high-impedance RC circuit preventing simultaneous tunnel events. It is characterized by its normalized second-order correlation function of g(2)(0)≈0.43 corresponding to antibunching in the single-photon regime. Our device can be triggered, and its in situ tunable emission rate exceeds those obtained with current microwave single-photon sources by more than 1 order of magnitude.

Published
2019
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4. Parametric amplification and squeezing with an ac- and dc-voltage biased superconducting junction

Author

Udson C. Mendes, Sébastien Jezouin, Carles Altimiras, Christophe Mora, Fabien Portier, Philippe Joyez, Bertrand Reulet, Alexandre Blais, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Udson C. Mendes, Sébastien Jezouin, Bertrand Reulet and Alexandre Blais were supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund and NSERC. Sébastien Jezouin and Bertrand Reulet were supported by Canada Excellence Research Chairs, the Government of Canada, Québec MEIE, Québec FRQNT via INTRIQ, Université de Sherbrooke via EPIQ, and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. The research at CEA Saclay received funding from the European Research Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 program (European Research Council Grant Agreement No. 639039) and support from the ANR AnPhoTeQ research contract., ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), European Project: 639039,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,NSECPROBE(2015), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Impedance matching, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Transmission line, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Bandwidth (computing), Center frequency, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Parametric statistics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Optoelectronics, Parametric oscillator, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave
Abstract

We theoretically investigate a near-quantum-limited parametric amplifier based on the nonlinear dynamics of quasiparticles flowing through a superconducting-insulator-superconducting junction. Photon-assisted tunneling, resulting from the combination of dc- and ac-voltage bias, gives rise to a strong parametric interaction for the electromagnetic modes reflected by the junction coupled to a transmission line. We show phase-sensitive and phase-preserving amplification, together with single- and two-mode squeezing. For an aluminum junction pumped at twice the center frequency, $\omega_0/2\pi=6$~GHz, we predict narrow-band phase-sensitive amplification of microwaves signals to more than 20 dB, and broadband phase-preserving amplification of 20 dB over a 1.2 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. We also predict single- and two-mode squeezing reaching more than -12 dB over 5.3 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. Moreover, with a simple impedance matching circuit, we demonstrate 3 dB bandwidth reaching 4.3 GHz for 20 dB of gain. A key feature of the device is that its performance can be controlled in-situ with the applied dc- and ac-voltage biases., Comment: Accepted for publication at the Physical Review Applied. 12 pages and 9 figures

Published
2019
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5. Coherent control of single electrons: a review of current progress

Author

Christopher Bäuerle, D. Christian Glattli, Shintaro Takada, Preden Roulleau, Tristan Meunier, Xavier Waintal, Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-16-CE30-0015,FullyQuantum,Manipulation tout-quantique de pulses de charges entières et non-entières dans des fils quantiques(2016), and Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA)

Subjects
Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 2D electron systems, Quantum state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Limit (music), Electronic engineering, 010306 general physics, Electronic circuit, Physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, flying qubits, quantum interference, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Coherent control, Qubit, Quantum Theory, 0210 nano-technology, single-electron electronics
Abstract

In this report we review the present state of the art of the control of propagating quantum states at the single-electron level and its potential application to quantum information processing. We give an overview of the different approaches which have been developed over the last ten years in order to gain full control over a propagating single electron in a solid state system. After a brief introduction of the basic concepts, we present experiments on flying qubit circuits for ensemble of electrons measured in the low frequency (DC) limit. We then present the basic ingredients necessary to realise such experiments at the single-electron level. This includes a review of the various single electron sources which are compatible with integrated single electron circuits. This is followed by a review of recent key experiments on electron quantum optics with single electrons. Finally we will present recent developments about the new physics that emerges using ultrashort voltage pulses. We conclude our review with an outlook and future challenges in the field., Comment: 35 pages, 24 figures, This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Rep. Prog. Phys. (references added)

Published
2018
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6. Near-quantum-limited amplification from inelastic Cooper-pair tunnelling

Author

Max Hofheinz, F. Blanchet, P. Joyez, Fabien Portier, Dibyendu Hazra, Denis Vion, Salha Jebari, Alexander Grimm, Romain Albert, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007), ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016), European Project: 278203,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,WIQOJO(2012), and European Project: 218783,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2007-C,SCOPE(2008)

Subjects
Josephson effect, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Quantum limit, Amplifier, Quantum noise, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Qubit, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

Nature sets fundamental limits regarding how accurate the amplification of analog signals may be. For instance, a linear amplifier unavoidably adds some noise which amounts to half a photon at best. While for most applications much higher noise levels are acceptable, the readout of microwave quantum systems, such as spin or superconducting qubits, requires noise as close as possible to this ultimate limit. To date, it is approached only by parametric amplifiers exploiting non-linearities in superconducting circuits and driven by a strong microwave pump tone. However, this microwave drive makes them much more difficult to implement and operate than conventional DC powered amplifiers, which so far suffer from much higher noise. Here we present the first experimental proof that a simple DC-powered setup allows for amplification close to the quantum limit. Our amplification scheme is based on the stimulated microwave photon emission accompanying inelastic Cooper pair tunneling through a DC-biased Josephson junction, with the key to low noise lying in a well defined auxiliary idler mode, in analogy to parametric amplifiers., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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7. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling

Author

P. Joyez, Denis Vion, Y. Mukharsky, Patrice Roche, Bjoern Kubala, Joachim Ankerhold, Fabien Portier, Daniel Esteve, O. Parlavecchio, Mircea Trif, Carles Altimiras, Pascal Simon, M. P. Westig, Max Hofheinz, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Complex Quantum Systems (ICQ), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut für Theoretische Physik (ITP), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Classical limit, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Light emission, Atomic physics, Cooper pair, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

International audience; We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.

Published
2017
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8. Interacting electrodynamics of short coherent conductors in quantum circuits

Author

Fabien Portier, P. Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PALM-P2IO NDS-NbSi project, ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and European Project: 639039,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,NSECPROBE(2015)

Subjects
QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Simple (abstract algebra), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, 010306 general physics, Electrical conductor, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Electronic circuit, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Classical mechanics, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer Science::Programming Languages, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; When combining lumped mesoscopic electronic components to form a circuit, quantum fluctuations of electrical quantities lead to a non-linear electromagnetic interaction between the components that is not generally understood. The Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism that is frequently used to describe non-interacting coherent mesoscopic components is not directly suited to describe such circuits since it assumes perfect voltage bias, i.e. the absence of fluctuations. Here, we show that for short coherent conductors of arbitrary transmission, the Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism can be extended to take into account quantum voltage fluctuations similarly to what is done for tunnel junctions. The electrodynamics of the whole circuit is then formally worked out disregarding the non-Gaussianity of fluctuations. This reveals how the aforementioned non-linear interaction operates in short coherent conductors: voltage fluctuations induce a reduction of conductance through the phenomenon of dynamical Coulomb blockade but they also modify their internal density of states leading to an additional electrostatic modification of the transmission. Using this approach we can account quantitatively for conductance measurements performed on Quantum Point Contacts in series with impedances of the order of $R_K = h / e^2$. Our work should enable a better engineering of quantum circuits with targeted properties.

Published
2016
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9. Robust quantum coherence above the Fermi sea

Author

Charles Grenier, Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, Preden Roulleau, Dominique Mailly, Antonella Cavanna, Sumit Tewari, Ulf Gennser, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and ANR-11-BS04-0022,IQHAR,Interaction dans le régime d'effet Hall quantique(2011)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi energy, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Quantum dot, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quasiparticle, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum, Thermal energy, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

In this paper we present an experiment where we measured the quantum coherence of a quasiparticle injected at a well-defined energy above the Fermi sea into the edge states of the integer quantum Hall regime. Electrons are introduced in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer after passing through a quantum dot that plays the role of an energy filter. Measurements show that above a threshold injection energy, the visibility of the quantum interferences is almost independent of the energy. This is true even for high energies, up to 130~$\mu$eV, well above the thermal energy of the measured sample. This result is in strong contradiction with our theoretical predictions, which instead predict a continuous decrease of the interference visibility with increasing energy. This experiment raises serious questions concerning the understanding of excitations in the integer quantum Hall regime.

Published
2016
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10. Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit

Author

Jean René Souquet, Denis Vion, P. Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Olivier Parlavecchio, Daniel Esteve, Inès Safi, Pascal Simon, Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Admittance, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Coulomb Blockade, Quantum noise, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Coulomb blockade, Quantum Noise, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Noise (electronics), Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Superconducting tunnel junction, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum fluctuation, Fluctuation-Dissipation relation, DC bias
Abstract

We derive fluctuation-dissipation relations for a tunnel junction driven by a high impedance microwave resonator, displaying strong quantum fluctuations. We find that the fluctuation-dissipation relations derived for classical forces hold, provided the effect of the circuit's quantum fluctuations is incorporated into a modified non-linear $I(V)$ curve. We also demonstrate that all quantities measured under a coherent time dependent bias can be reconstructed from their dc counterpart with a photo-assisted tunneling relation. We confirm these predictions by implementing the circuit and measuring the dc current through the junction, its high frequency admittance and its current noise at the frequency of the resonator., Comment: Publisehd as Physical Review Letters, 114, 126801

Published
2015
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11. Quantum Properties of the radiation emitted by a conductor in the Coulomb Blockade Regime

Author

P. Joyez, Christophe Mora, Fabien Portier, Carles Altimiras, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Electromagnetic environment, Coulomb blockade, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Conductor, Nonlinear system, Tunnel junction, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum
Abstract

We present an input-output formalism describing a tunnel junction strongly coupled to its electromagnetic environment. We exploit it in order to investigate the dynamics of the radiation being emitted and scattered by the junction. We find that the non-linearity imprinted in the electronic transport by a properly designed environment generates strongly squeezed radiation. Our results show that the interaction between a quantum conductor and electromagnetic fields can be exploited as a resource to design simple sources of non-classical radiation., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, includes Supplementary

Published
2015
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12. Tunable microwave impedance matching to a high impedance source using a Josephson metamaterial

Author

Daniel Esteve, Philippe Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Denis Vion, Fabien Portier, Olivier Parlavecchio, Patrice Roche, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This project was funded by the CNano-IDF Shot-E-Phot, the Triangle de la Physique DyCoBloS and ANR AnPhoTeQ and Masquel grants., ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Impedance matching, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Electrical impedance, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Shot noise, Metamaterial, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Inductance, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We report the efficient coupling of a $50\,\Omega$ microwave circuit to a high impedance conductor. We use an impedance transformer consisting of a $\lambda/4$ co-planar resonator whose inner conductor contains an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), providing the resonator with a large and tunable lineic inductance $\mathcal{L}\sim 80 \mu_0$, resulting in a large characteristic impedance $Z_C\sim 1\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$. The impedance matching efficiency is characterized by measuring the shot noise power emitted by a dc biased high resistance tunnel junction connected to the resonator. We demonstrate matching to impedances in the $15$ to $35\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$ range with bandwidths above $100\,\mathrm{MHz}$ around a resonant frequency tunable in the $4$ to $6\,\mathrm{GHz}$ range., Comment: Published in Applied Physics Letters

Published
2014
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13. Dynamical Coulomb Blockade of Shot Noise

Author

Patrice Roche, Daniel Esteve, Carles Altimiras, Olivier Parlavecchio, P. Joyez, Denis Vion, Fabien Portier, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), This project was funded by the CNano-IDF Shot-E-Phot and Masquel, the Triangle de la Physique DyCoBloS and ANR AnPhoTeQ grants., and ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Shot noise, General Physics and Astronomy, Spectral density, Coulomb blockade, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Characteristic impedance, law.invention, SQUID, Resonator, High impedance, law, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Abstract

International audience; We observe the suppression of the finite frequency shot-noise produced by a voltage biased tunnel junction due to its interaction with a single electromagnetic mode of high impedance. The tunnel junction is embedded in a quarter wavelength resonator containing a dense SQUID array providing it with a characteristic impedance in the kOhms range and a resonant frequency tunable in the 4-6 GHz range. Such high impedance gives rise to a sizeable Coulomb blockade on the tunnel junction (roughly 30% reduction in the differential conductance) and allows an efficient measurement of the spectral density of the current fluctuations at the resonator frequency. The observed blockade of shot-noise is found in agreement with an extension of the dynamical Coulomb blockade theory.

Published
2014
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14. Carrier drift velocity and edge magnetoplasmons in graphene

Author

Patrice Roche, Keyan Bennaceur, Ivana Petkovic, D. C. Glattli, F. I. B. Williams, Fabien Portier, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE ), Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics [Budapest], Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), MEQUANO (228273), and European Project: 228273,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,MEQUANO(2009)

Subjects
Physics, Drift velocity, Characteristic length, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Graphene, Wave packet, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi energy, Edge (geometry), Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Picosecond, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quasiparticle, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We investigate electron dynamics at the graphene edge by studying the propagation of collective edge magnetoplasmon (EMP) excitations. By timing the travel of narrow wave-packets on picosecond time scales around exfoliated samples, we find chiral propagation with low attenuation at a velocity which is quantized on Hall plateaus. We extract the carrier drift contribution from the EMP propagation and find it to be slightly less than the Fermi velocity, as expected for an abrupt edge. We also extract the characteristic length for Coulomb interaction at the edge and find it to be smaller than for soft, depletion edge systems., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures of main text and 6 pages, 6 figures of supplemental material

Published
2013
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15. Quantum coherence engineering in the integer quantum Hall regime

Author

Giancarlo Faini, Werner Wegscheider, Ulf Gennser, Patrice Roche, H. Le Sueur, P. A. Huynh, Dominique Mailly, F. Pierre, Fabien Portier, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Solid State Physics Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Anjou Recherche, Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, and affiliation inconnue

Subjects
Coherence time, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum phases, Degree of coherence, Quantum Hall effect, 01 natural sciences, Quantum spin Hall effect, Quantum error correction, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Coherence length, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We present an experiment where the quantum coherence in the edge states of the integer quantum Hall regime is tuned with a decoupling gate. The coherence length is determined by measuring the visibility of quantum interferences in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a function of temperature, in the quantum Hall regime at filling factor two. The temperature dependence of the coherence length can be varied by a factor of two. The strengthening of the phase coherence at finite temperature is shown to arise from a reduction of the coupling between co-propagating edge states. This opens the way for a strong improvement of the phase coherence of Quantum Hall systems. The decoupling gate also allows us to investigate how inter-edge state coupling influence the quantum interferences' dependence on the injection bias. We find that the finite bias visibility can be decomposed into two contributions: a Gaussian envelop which is surprisingly insensitive to the coupling, and a beating component which, on the contrary, is strongly affected by the coupling., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2012
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16. Unveiling quantum Hall transport by Efros-Shklovskii to Mott variable range hopping transition with Graphene

Author

D. C. Glattli, Patrice Roche, Fabien Portier, Patrice Jacques, Keyan Bennaceur, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, MEQUANO (228273), and European Project: 228273,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,MEQUANO(2009)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Quantum Hall effect, 01 natural sciences, Variable-range hopping, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Quantum spin Hall effect, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, PACS number(s): 73.43.−f, 71.30.+h, 72.20.My, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dirac equation, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], symbols, Conductance quantum, 0210 nano-technology, Fermi gas, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

International audience; The quantum Hall effect is universal and expected to occur in all two-dimensional electron systems in perpendicular high-magnetic field. We revisit quantum localization thanks to the high-energy scale of the quantum Hall effect in graphene, where the electron dynamics obey the Dirac equation. We solve a long debated question on the nature of electron transport in the transition region between Hall resistance plateaus. Is it of metallic or of variable-range hopping type as proposed, respectively, by Pruisken and Polyakov-Shklovskii? To the best of our knowledge, no experiment was able to discriminate between these models. Here, measurements of the conductance peak width scaling exponents with both temperature and current and determination of the localization length validates the variable-range hopping scenario. This shows that the usual assumption of a metallic behavior of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) between Hall resistance plateaus is unnecessary for macroscopic samples.

Published
2010
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17. Carbon nanotubes as Cooper-pair beam splitters

Author

Christoph Strunk, A. Levy Yeyati, Takis Kontos, Fabien Portier, L. G. Herrmann, Patrice Roche, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada [Madrid] (DFTMC), Facultad de Ciencas [Madrid], Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Institut für experimentelle und angewandte Physik [Regensburg], Universität Regensburg (UR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), and Berroir, Jean-Marc

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Carbon nanotube, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin-½, Physics, Superconductivity, Mesoscopic physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, ddc:530, Coulomb blockade, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 530 Physik, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 3. Good health, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Optoelectronics, Cooper pair, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam splitter
Abstract

We report on conductance measurements in carbon nanotube based double quantum dots connected to two normal electrodes and a central superconducting finger. By operating our devices as beam splitters, we provide evidence for Crossed Andreev Reflections \textit{tunable in situ}. This opens an avenue to more sophisticated quantum optics-like experiments with spin entangled electrons., submitted

Published
2010
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18. Experimental determination of the statistics of photons emitted by a tunnel junction

Author

Eva Zakka-Bajjani, J. Dufouleur, D. C. Glattli, Patrice Roche, Fabien Portier, N. Coulombel, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNanoIdF-QPCSinPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Cross-correlation, Chaotic, Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Voltage
Abstract

We report on a microwave Hanbury-Brown Twiss experiment probing the statistics of GHz photons emitted by a tunnel junction in the shot noise regime at low temperature. By measuring the crosscorrelated fluctuations of the occupation numbers of the photon modes of both detection branches we show that, while the statistics of electrons is Poissonian, the photons obey chaotic statistics. This is observed even for low photon occupation number when the voltage across the junction is close to $h\nu/e$., Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett

Published
2009

19. Tuning decoherence with a voltage probe

Author

Giancarlo Faini, Patrice Roche, Dominique Mailly, Fabien Portier, Preden Roulleau, Ulf Gennser, and Antonella Cavanna

Subjects
Physics, Interferometric visibility, Quantum decoherence, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Quantum point contact, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Interferometry, Optics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), business, Quantum, Ohmic contact, Voltage
Abstract

We present an experiment where we tune the decoherence in a quantum interferometer using one of the simplest objects available in the physics of quantum conductors: an Ohmic contact. For that purpose, we designed an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer which has one of its two arms connected to an Ohmic contact through a quantum point contact. At low temperature, we observe quantum interference patterns with a visibility up to 57%. Increasing the connection between one arm of the interferometer to the floating Ohmic contact, the voltage probe, reduces quantum interference as it probes the electron trajectory. This unique experimental realization of a voltage probe works as a trivial which-path detector whose efficiency can be simply tuned by a gate voltage.

Published
2009
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20. Noise dephasing in the edge states of the Integer Quantum Hall regime

Author

Ulf Gennser, Patrice Roche, Giancarlo Faini, Dominique Mailly, Antonella Cavanna, Fabien Portier, and Preden Roulleau

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Noise spectral density, Dephasing, Quantum noise, Shot noise, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Noise (electronics), symbols.namesake, Noise generator, Gaussian noise, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), symbols, Flicker noise
Abstract

An electronic Mach Zehnder interferometer is used in the integer quantum hall regime at filling factor 2, to study the dephasing of the interferences. This is found to be induced by the electrical noise existing in the edge states capacitively coupled to each others. Electrical shot noise created in one channel leads to phase randomization in the other, which destroys the interference pattern. These findings are extended to the dephasing induced by thermal noise instead of shot noise: it explains the underlying mechanism responsible for the finite temperature coherence time $\tau_\phi(T)$ of the edge states at filling factor 2, measured in a recent experiment. Finally, we present here a theory of the dephasing based on Gaussian noise, which is found in excellent agreement with our experimental results., Comment: ~4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2008

21. Experimental Test of the High-Frequency Quantum Shot Noise Theory in a Quantum Point Contact

Author

Fabien Portier, Yong Jin, J. Ségala, Eva Zakka-Bajjani, Patrice Roche, D. C. Glattli, Antonella Cavanna, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, High Frequency, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum noise, Quantum point contact, Shot noise, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Photon energy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Noise generator, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum Point Contact, Scattering theory, Shot Noise, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, Energy (signal processing), [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We report on direct measurements of the electronic shot noise of a quantum point contact at frequencies nu in the range 4-8 GHz. The very small energy scale used ensures energy independent transmissions of the few transmitted electronic modes and their accurate knowledge. Both the thermal energy and the quantum point contact drain-source voltage Vds are comparable to the photon energy hnu leading to observation of the shot noise suppression when $V_{ds}, Comment: Version Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 236803 (2007))

Published
2007
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22. Direct measurement of the coherence length of edge states in the integer quantum Hall regime

Author

Antonella Cavanna, Ulf Gennser, Dominique Mailly, Giancarlo Faini, Patrice Roche, Fabien Portier, and Preden Roulleau

Subjects
Physics, Quantum decoherence, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Thermal Hall effect, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Hall effect, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Coherence length, Magnetic field, Interferometry, Quantum spin Hall effect, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Exponential decay
Abstract

We have determined the finite temperature coherence length of edge states in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) regime. This was realized by measuring the visibility of electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers of different sizes, at filling factor 2. The visibility shows an exponential decay with the temperature. The characteristic temperature scale is found inversely proportional to the length of the interferometer arm, allowing to define a coherence length $\l_\phi$. The variations of $\l_\phi$ with magnetic field are the same for all samples, with a maximum located at the upper end of the quantum hall plateau. Our results provide the first accurate determination of $\l_\phi$ in the quantum Hall regime., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2007

23. Finite bias visibility of the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Author

Fabien Portier, Ulf Gennser, Patrice Roche, Preden Roulleau, Giancarlo Faini, Antonella Cavanna, Dominique Mailly, and D. C. Glattli

Subjects
Physics, Interferometric visibility, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Gaussian, Visibility (geometry), FOS: Physical sciences, Low frequency, Condensed Matter Physics, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Measure (mathematics), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, Optics, Side lobe, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), symbols, business
Abstract

We present an original statistical method to measure the visibility of interferences in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the presence of low frequency fluctuations. The visibility presents a single side lobe structure shown to result from a gaussian phase averaging whose variance is quadratic with the bias. To reinforce our approach and validate our statistical method, the same experiment is also realized with a stable sample. It exhibits the same visibility behavior as the fluctuating one, indicating the intrinsic character of finite bias phase averaging. In both samples, the dilution of the impinging current reduces the variance of the gaussian distribution., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2007
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