Search

The effective field theory motivated relativistic mean-field (E-RMF) formalism is employed to study the equation of state (EoS) for the infinite symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) at finite temperature using the recently developed forces FSUGarnet, IOPB-I, G3, and the well known NL3 force parameter. The EoS is then used to estimate the critical temperature T c, pressure P c and density ρ c of the SNM for the liquid–gas phase transition. As T c is not a constrained parameter in both experiments and theoretical calculations, there is a large uncertainty around its value. Although, the critical parameters are correlated among themselves. It is revealed that vector self-coupling ζ 0 of used forces play determining role in EoS in finite temperature limit. Keeping the incompressibility in acceptable limit i.e. 240 ± 20 MeV, the lower value of ζ 0 gives a better result of T c when compared to the several experimental data. The critical parameters however show weak correlation with the properties at saturation density at zero temperature. The compressibility factors calculated with these parameters are in agreement with the universal value of liquid–gas systems. Stability conditions are examined along with binodal and spinodal regions. Besides this, the thermodynamic properties like specific heat and latent heat are also worked out. We have carried out detailed consistency check of our calculations using critical exponents and standard scaling laws. All the exponents are well within the theoretical mean-field results.

Quantum private information retrieval (QPIR) is a protocol in which a user retrieves one of multiple files from $ \mathsf {n}$ non-communicating servers by downloading quantum systems without revealing which file is retrieved. As variants of QPIR with stronger security requirements, symmetric QPIR is a protocol in which no other files than the target file are leaked to the user, and $ \mathsf {t}$ -private QPIR is a protocol in which the identity of the target file is kept secret even if at most $ \mathsf {t}$ servers may collude to reveal the identity. The QPIR capacity is the maximum ratio of the file size to the size of downloaded quantum systems, and we prove that the symmetric $ \mathsf {t}$ -private QPIR capacity is $\min \{1,2( \mathsf {n}- \mathsf {t})/ \mathsf {n}\}$ for any $1\leq \mathsf {t} . We construct a capacity-achieving QPIR protocol by the stabilizer formalism and prove the optimality of our protocol. The proposed capacity is greater than the classical counterpart.

Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binary mergers along with an electromagnetic counterpart have the potential to shed ‘light’ on the nature of dark energy in the intermediate redshift regime. Accurate measurement of dark energy parameters at intermediate redshift is extremely essential to improve our understanding of dark energy, and to possibly resolve a couple of tensions involving cosmological parameters. We present a Fisher matrix forecast analysis in the context of eLISA to predict the errors for three different cases: the non-interacting dark energy with constant and evolving equation of state (EoS), and the interacting dark sectors with a generalized parametrization. In all three cases, we perform the analysis for two separate formalisms, namely, the standard EoS formalism and the Om parametrization which is a model-independent null diagnostic for a wide range of fiducial values in both phantom and non-phantom regions, to make a comparative analysis between the prospects of these two diagnostics in eLISA. Our analysis reveals that it is wiser and more effective to probe the null diagnostic instead of the standard EoS parameters for any possible signature of dark energy at intermediate redshift measurements like eLISA.

We consider radiation emitted by colour-charged and massive particles crossing strong plane wave backgrounds in gauge theory and gravity. These backgrounds are treated exactly and non-perturbatively throughout. We compute the back-reaction on these fields from the radiation emitted by the probe particles: classically through background-coupled worldline theories, and at tree-level in the quantum theory through three-point amplitudes. Consistency of these two methods is established explicitly. We show that the gauge theory and gravity amplitudes are related by the double copy for amplitudes on plane wave backgrounds. Finally, we demonstrate that in four-dimensions these calculations can be carried out with a background-dressed version of the massive spinor-helicity formalism., 34 pages, 1 figure. v2: published version, improvements to section 4.1

In an earlier paper~\cite{Luu:2019jmb} we discussed emergence from the context of effective field theories, particularly as related to the fields of particle and nuclear physics. We argued on the side of reductionism and weak emergence. George Ellis has critiqued our exposition in~\cite{Ellis:2020vij}, and here we provide our response to his critiques. Many of his critiques are based on incorrect assumptions related to the formalism of effective field theories and we attempt to correct these issues here. We also comment on other statements made in his paper. Important to note is that our response is to his critiques made in archive versions arXiv:2004.13591v1-5 [physics.hist-ph]. That is, versions 1-5 of this archive post. Version 6 has similar content as versions 1-5, but versions 7-9 are seemingly a different paper altogether (even with a different title)., 15 pages, link in abstract corrected

We study T-duality with non-zero components of NSNS two form field along directions we dualize with the help of canonical formalism. As a result of this procedure we determine generalized Buscher's rules. We also apply the same procedure to the case of non-relativistic string., Comment: 13 pages

Due to the growing number of publications and applications based on the exploitation of Bloch surface waves and the gross errors and approximations that are regularly used to evaluate the properties of this type of wave, we judge seriously important for successful interpretation and understanding of experiments to implement adapted formalism allowing to extract the relevant information. Through a comprehensive calculation supported by an analytical development, we establish a generalized formula for the propagation length which is different from what is usually employed in the literature. We also demonstrate that the Goos-H\"anchen shift becomes an extrinsic property that depends on the beam dimension with an asymptotic behavior limiting its value to that of the propagation length. The proposed theoretical scheme allows predicting some new and unforeseen results such as the effect due to a slight deviation of the angle of incidence or of the beam-waist position with respect to the structure. This formalism can be used to describe any polarization-dependent resonant structure illuminated by a polarized Gaussian beam., Comment: 38 pages, 11 figures including 3 figures in the Supplemetary Information file

We propose a new vertex formalism, called anti-refined topological vertex (anti-vertex for short), to compute the generalized topological string amplitude, which gives rise to the supergroup gauge theory partition function. We show the one-to-many correspondence between the gauge theory and the Calabi--Yau geometry, which is peculiar to the supergroup theory, and the relation between the ordinary vertex formalism and the vertex/anti-vertex formalism through the analytic continuation., 27 pages, 13 figures; v2: typos are corrected, published in JHEP

In this work we investigate the effects of a Fermi velocity modulation in a valley filter in graphene created by a combination of a magnetic and electric barrier. With the effective Dirac equation of the system, we use the transfer matrix formalism to obtain the transmittance. We verify that the valley transport in graphene is very sensitive to a Fermi velocity modulation, which is able to choose which valley will be filtered with perfect filtering. Also, it is possible to use a Fermi velocity modulation to filter both valleys or to make the valley filter transparent. It reveals that the Fermi velocity is a powerful tool that can be used to tune a graphene valley filter, since it has a total control in its transport properties.

We introduce the concept of a holomorphic field theory on any complex manifold in the language of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. When the complex dimension is one, this setting agrees with that of chiral conformal field theory. Our main result concerns the behavior of holomorphic theories under renormalization group flow. Namely, we show that holomorphic theories are one-loop finite. We use this to completely characterize holomorphic anomalies in any dimension. Throughout, we compare our approach to holomorphic field theories to more familiar approaches including that of supersymmetric field theories.

We consider the strictly correlated electron (SCE) limit of the fermionic quantum many-body problem in the second-quantized formalism. This limit gives rise to a multi-marginal optimal transport (MMOT) problem. Here the marginal state space for our MMOT problem is the binary set $\{0,1\}$, and the number of marginals is the number $L$ of sites in the model. The costs of storing and computing the exact solution of the MMOT problem both scale exponentially with respect to $L$. We propose an efficient convex relaxation which can be solved by semidefinite programming (SDP). In particular, the semidefinite constraint is only of size $2L\times 2L$. Moreover, the SDP-based method yields an approximation of the dual potential needed to the perform self-consistent field iteration in the so-called Kohn-Sham SCE framework, which, once converged, yields a lower bound for the total energy of the system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods on spinless and spinful Hubbard-type models. Numerical results indicate that our relaxation methods yield tight lower bounds for the optimal cost, in the sense that the error due to the semidefinite relaxation is much smaller than the intrinsic modeling error of the Kohn-Sham SCE method. We also describe how our relaxation methods generalize to arbitrary MMOT problems with pairwise cost functions., Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures

The canonical formalism of general relativity affords a particularly interesting characterisation of the infamous hole argument. It also provides a natural formalism in which to relate the hole argument to the problem of time in classical and quantum gravity. In this paper, we examine the connection between these two much discussed problems in the foundations of spacetime theory along two interrelated lines. First, from a formal perspective, we consider the extent to which the two problems can and cannot be precisely and distinctly characterised. Second, from a philosophical perspective, we consider the implications of various responses to the problems, with a particular focus upon the viability of a `deflationary' attitude to the relationalist/substantivalist debate regarding the ontology of spacetime. Conceptual and formal inadequacies within the representative language of canonical gravity will be shown to be at the heart of both the canonical hole argument and the problem of time. Interesting and fruitful work at the interface of physics and philosophy relates to the challenge of resolving such inadequacies., Comment: 20 pages (+ references)

We rewrite the (extended) Ooguri-Vafa partition function for colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials for torus knots in terms of the free-fermion (semi-infinite wedge) formalism, making it very similar to the generating function for double Hurwitz numbers. This allows us to conjecture the combinatorial meaning of full expansion of the correlation differentials obtained via the topological recursion on the Brini-Eynard-Mari\~no spectral curve for the colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots. This correspondence suggests a structural combinatorial result for the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function. Namely, its coefficients should have a quasi-polynomial behavior, where non-polynomial factors are given by the Jacobi polynomials. We prove this quasi-polynomiality in a purely combinatorial way. In addition to that, we show that the (0,1)- and (0,2)-functions on the corresponding spectral curve are in agreement with the extension of the colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials data., Comment: 40 pages; section 10 addressing the quantum curve was added, as well as some remarks regarding Meixner polynomials thanks to T.Koornwinder

The paper explains in what sense the GRW matter density theory (GRWm) is a primitive ontology theory of quantum mechanics and why, thus conceived, the standard objections against the GRW formalism do not apply to GRWm. We consider the different options for conceiving the quantum state in GRWm and argue that dispositionalism is the most attractive one., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0603027 by other authors

We consider the geometry of anti-de-Sitter (AdS) black hole thermodynamics in four dimensions, where the equation of state in the extended phase space formalism allows explicit comparison with normal fluid systems. We show that for the two-dimensional parameter manifolds considered here, the scalar curvature is proportional to the thermodynamic volume. This allows us to critically examine the applicability of geometric methods in black hole thermodynamics in extended phase space. We show how several standard features that are expected to hold in normal fluid systems impose severe restrictions on the black hole parameters, leading to the fact that several results in the current literature on the geometry of thermodynamics in extended phase space may be physically invalid. These are true for both charged and rotating AdS black holes. As a by-product of our analysis, we examine a conjecture regarding the equality of the correlation lengths of co-existing phases near criticality, in charged AdS black hole backgrounds, and find reasonable validity., 1 + 11 Pages, Matches published version

We perform a comprehensive and model-independent analysis for characterizing the spin and dynamical structure of the production of a non-diagonal pair of Majorana particles with different masses and arbitrary spins, $e^-e^+\to X_2 X_1$, followed by a sequential two-body decay, $X_2\to Z X_1$, of the heavier particle $X_2$ into a $Z$ gauge boson and the lighter particle $X_1$ escaping undetected at high-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders. Standard leptonic $Z$-boson decays, $Z\to \ell^-\ell^+$ with $\ell=e$ or $\mu$, are employed for precisely diagnosing the $Z$ polarization influenced by the production and decay processes. Based on helicity formalism and Wick helicity rotation for describing the correlated production-decay amplitudes and distributions, we work out the implications on the amplitudes and distributions of discrete CP symmetry and the Majorana condition that two particles are their own anti-particles. For the sake of a concrete illustration, an example of this type in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model is investigated in detail., Comment: 16 pages, 3 eps figures

This work explores scattering amplitudes that couple two-particle systems via a single external current insertion, $2+\mathcal{J}\to 2$. Such amplitudes can provide structural information about the excited QCD spectrum. We derive an exact analytic representation for these reactions. From these amplitudes, we show how to rigorously define resonance and bound-state form-factors. Furthermore, we explore the consequences of the narrow-width limit of the amplitudes as well as the role of the Ward-Takahashi identity for conserved vector currents. These results hold for any number of two-body channels with no intrinsic spin, and a current with arbitrary Lorentz structure and quantum numbers. This work and the existing finite-volume formalism provide a complete framework for determining this class of amplitudes from lattice QCD., 35 pages, 13 figures

In this work, we present the calculation of the production cross sections of bottomonia states using Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) formalism. The direct production cross-section of a resonance can be factorised in terms of short distance Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) cross sections and long distance matrix elements (LDMEs) under NRQCD. We use a large set of measured ϒ(nS) production data at Tevatron and LHC energies in both central and forward rapidity regions to extract the LDMEs with better precision. The feed down contributions from the higher states including the χ b (3P) state are taken into account for the LDME extraction. The formalism provides a good description of the bottomonia data in wide transverse momentum range at different collision energies.

The Roche lobe formalism describes mass transfer from one star to another. We develop an extension to hierarchical triples, considering the case in which a star donates mass to a companion which is itself a binary. The L1 point moves as the inner binary rotates, and the Roche lobe pulsates with the period of the inner binary. Signatures of mass transfer may therefore be imprinted with the orbital period of the inner binary. For some system parameters, the pulsing Roche lobe can drive mass transfer at high rates. Systems undergoing this type of mass transfer include those with inner binaries consisting of compact objects that will eventually merge, as well as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae., 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS 19 March 2019

Complex Schroedinger equation is transformed to spinor or coupled scalar field equations replacing the imaginary unit $i$ by a matrix $\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\-1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$. New perspecive on stochasic approach is developed with spin as topological invariant and mass having stochastic origin in this Spinor Random Field formalism., 5 pages

As an important candidate theory of gravity, Brans-Dicke theory has been widely studied. In this paper, we investigate light bending and gravitational lensing by compact objects in Brans-Dicke theory in weak gravitational field. Firstly, we present a general formalism for calculating higher-order corrections to light bending angle and lensing observables for a static, spherically symmetric and flat spacetime, in which the metric is given in the isotropic coordinates. Secondly, we apply the general formalism to Brans-Dicke theory and get the corresponding light bending angle and lensing observables. Our results show that, although the sums over the low-order correction terms in magnifications of the primary and secondary images do not dependent on the theories of gravity, the sums over correction terms with order higher than three do. Moreover, we show that the total magnification has a non-vanishing first-order correction, rather than a vanishing contribution concluded in the literature. We find that the corrections to lensing observables of BD theory close to those of GR when the parameter $\omega$ tends to $+\infty$ from $-\frac32$, while opposition occurs when $\omega$ tends to $-2$ from $-\infty$., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, version published in PLB

We disprove the widespread belief that higher order curvature theories of gravity in the metric-affine formalism are generally ghost-free. This is clarified by considering a sub-class of theories constructed only with the Ricci tensor and showing that the non-projectively invariant sector propagates ghost-like degrees of freedom. We also explain how these pathologies can be avoided either by imposing a projective symmetry or additional constraints in the gravity sector. Our results put forward that higher order curvature gravity theories generally remain pathological in the metric-affine (and hybrid) formalisms and highlight the key importance of the projective symmetry and/or additional constraints for their physical viability and, by extension, of general metric-affine theories., JBJ acknowledges support from the Atracción del Talento Científico en Salamanca programme and the MINECO’s Projects FIS2014-52837-P and FIS2016-78859-P (AEI/FEDER). AD is supported by a PhD contract of the program FPU 2015 (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) with references FPU15/05406. This work is supported by the Spanish project FIS2014-57387-C3-1-P (MINECO/FEDER, EU), the project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017 Grant FunFiCO-777740, the Project SEJI/2017/042 (Generalitat Valenciana), the Consolider Program CPANPHY-1205388, and the Severo Ochoa Grant SEV-2014-0398 (Spain). This article is based upon work from COST Action CA15117, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

We calculate higher-order corrections to the quenching factor of heavy-quark jets due to hard, in-medium splittings in the framework of the BDMPS-Z formalism. These corrections turn out to be sensitive to a single mass-scale $m_\ast = (\hat q L)^{1/2}$, where $\hat q$ is the medium transport coefficient and $L$ the path length, and allow to draw a distinction between the way light, with $m < m_\ast$ (in contrast to massless $m=0$), and genuinely heavy, with $m > m_\ast$, quark jets are quenched in the medium. We show that the corrections to the quenching factor at high energies are double-logarithmic and qualitatively of the same order as for the massless quark jet., 31 pages, 4 figures

In the work, the recurrent differential relations that connecting the polarization spin-tensor of the wave function of a free massive particle of an arbitrary spin for $$D = 4$$ and new formula of the $$D$$ -dimensional Behrends–Fronsdal spin projection operator are found.

In this work we investigate the inflationary phenomenological implications of a recently developed ghost-free Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity. The resulting theory can be viewed as a scalar Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity, so by employing the formalism for cosmological perturbations for the latter theory, we calculate the slow-roll indices and the observational indices, and we compare these with the latest observational data. Due to the presence of a freely chosen function in the model, in principle any cosmological evolution can be realized, so we specify the Hubble rate and the freely chosen function and we examine the phenomenology of the model. Specifically we focus on de Sitter, quasi-de Sitter and a cosmological evolution in which the Hubble rate evolves exponentially, with the last two being more realistic choices for describing inflation. As we demonstrate, the ghost-free model can produce inflationary phenomenology compatible with the observational data. We also briefly address the stability of first order scalar and tensor cosmological perturbations, for the exponential Hubble rate, and as we demonstrate, stability is achieved for the same range of values of the free parameters that guarantee the phenomenological viability of the models., Comment: EPJC Accepted

The formalism of combined finite modular and generalised CP (gCP) symmetries for theories of flavour is developed. The corresponding consistency conditions for the two symmetry transformations acting on the modulus $\tau$ and on the matter fields are derived. The implications of gCP symmetry in theories of flavour based on modular invariance described by finite modular groups are illustrated with the example of a modular $S_4$ model of lepton flavour. Due to the addition of the gCP symmetry, viable modular models turn out to be more constrained, with the modulus $\tau$ being the only source of CP violation., Comment: 40 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables; several comments added; typos corrected; figures rasterised; matches version published in JHEP

The need for a time-shift invariant formulation of quantum theory arises from fundamental symmetry principles as well as heuristic cosmological considerations. Such a description then leaves open the question of how to reconcile global invariance with the perception of change, locally. By introducing relative time observables, we are able to make rigorous the Page-Wootters conditional probability formalism to show how local Heisenberg evolution is compatible with global invariance.

In this paper we suggest an analytic model, and derive simple formulas, for the beam dynamics in a wakefield structure of arbitrary cross-section. The results could be applied to estimate an upper limit of the projected beam size in devices such as the dechirper and the wakefield streaking device. The suggested formalism is also applicable to the case when slices of the beam are distributed along an arbitrary line in 3D., 6 pages, 3 figures

We study the semileptonic decays ${\bf B_c} \to {\bf B_n} \ell^+ \nu_{\ell}$ where ${\bf B_{c(n)}}$ is the anti-triplet-charmed (octet) baryon with the $SU(3)_f$ flavor symmetry and helicity formalism. In particular, we present the decay branching ratios of $ {\bf B_c} \to {\bf B_n}\ell^+ \nu_\ell$ in three scenarios: (a) an exact $SU(3)_f$ symmetry with equal masses for the anti-triplet-charmed (octet) baryon states of ${\bf B_c}$ (${\bf B_n}$), (b) $SU(3)_f$ parameters without the baryonic momentum-transfer dependence, and (c) $SU(3)_f$ with baryonic transition form factors in the heavy quark limit. We show that our results are all consistent with the existing data. Explicitly, we predict that ${\cal B}( \Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^0 e^+ \nu_{e})=(11.9\pm1.3, 9.8\pm 1.1, 10.7\pm 0.9)\times 10^{-2}$ and ${\cal B}( \Xi_c^0 \to \Xi^- e^+ \nu_{e})=(3.0\pm0.3, 2.4\pm 0.3, 2.7\pm 0.2)\times 10^{-2}$ in the scenarios (a), (b) and (c) agree with the data of $(14.0^{+8.3}_{-8.7})\times 10^{-2}$ and $(5.6\pm2.6)\times 10^{-2}$ from the CLEO Collaboration, respectively. In addition, we obtain that ${\cal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to n e^+ \nu_e)=(2.8\pm 0.4, 4.9\pm0.4, 5.1\pm0.4)\times 10^{-3}$ in (a), (b) and (c). We also examine the longitudinal asymmetry parameters of $\alpha({\bf B_c} \to {\bf B_n} \ell^+ \nu_{\ell})$, which are sensitive to the different scenarios with $SU(3)_f$. Some of the decay branching ratios and asymmetries can be observed by the ongoing experiments at BESIII and LHCb as well as the future searches by BELLEII., Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, revised version accepted by PLB

Observations of the large-scale structure (LSS) implicitly assume an ideal FLRW observer with the ambient structure having no influence on the observer. However, due to correlations in the LSS, cosmological observables are dependent on the position of an observer. We investigate this influence in full generality for a weakly non-Gaussian random field, for which we derive expressions for angular spectra of large-scale structure observables conditional on a property of the large-scale structure that is typical for the observer's location. As an application, we then apply to the formalism to angular spectra of the weak gravitational lensing effect and provide numerical estimates for the resulting change on the spectra using linear structure formation. For angular weak lensing spectra we find the effect to be of order of a few percent, for instance we estimate for an overdensity of $\delta =0.5$ and multipoles up to $\ell=100$ the change in the weak lensing spectra to be approximately 4 percent. We show that without accounting for correlation between the density at observer's location and the weak gravitational lensing spectra, the values of the parameters $\Omega_m$ and $\sigma_8$ are underestimated by a few percent. Thus, this effect will be important when analysing data from future surveys such as Euclid, which aim at the percent-level precision. The effect is difficult to capture in simulations, as estimates of the number of numerical simulations necessary to quantify the effect are high., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, figure added

A new systematic approach extending the notion of frames to the Palatini scalar-tensor theories of gravity in various dimensions n>2 is proposed. We impose frame transformation induced by the group action which includes almost-geodesic and conformal transformations. We characterize theories invariant with respect to these transformations dividing them up into solution-equivalent subclasses (group orbits). To this end, invariant characteristics have been introduced. Unlike in the metric case, it turns out that the dimension four admitting the largest transformation group is rather special for such theories. The formalism provides new frames that incorporate non-metricity. The case of Palatini F(R)-gravity is considered in more detail., 39 pages, LaTeX. v3: New essentially modified version. Attention: We have found wrong coefficients in the transformation formula for the function B(\phi) on page 11. This mistake led us to the incorrect statement in Appendix B that the transformations are only consistent in spacetime dimension D=4 or under some constraints on the parameters

Dynamical energy loss formalism allows generating state-of-the-art suppression predictions in finite size QCD medium, employing a sophisticated model of high-$p_\perp$ parton interactions with QGP. We here report a major step of introducing medium evolution in the formalism though $1+1D$ Bjorken (``B'') expansion, while preserving all complex features of the original dynamical energy loss framework. We use this framework to provide joint $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ predictions, for the first time within the dynamical energy loss formalism in evolving QCD medium. The predictions are generated for a wide range of observables, i.e. for all types of probes (both light and heavy) and for all centrality regions in both $Pb+Pb$ and $Xe+Xe$ collisions at the LHC. Where experimental data are available, DREENA-B framework leads to a good joint agreement with $v_2$ and $R_{AA}$ data. Such agreement is encouraging, i.e. may lead us closer to resolving $v_2$ puzzle (difficulty of previous models to jointly explain $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ data), though this still remains to be thoroughly tested by including state-of-the-art medium evolution within DREENA framework. While introducing medium evolution significantly changes $v_2$ predictions, $R_{AA}$ predictions remain robust and moreover in a good agreement with the experimental data; $R_{AA}$ observable is therefore suitable for calibrating parton-medium interaction model, independently from the medium evolution. Finally, for heavy flavor, we observe a strikingly similar signature of the dead-cone effect on both $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ - we also provide a simple analytical understanding behind this result. Overall, the results presented here indicate that DREENA framework is a reliable tool for QGP tomography., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures

The general fluctuations, in the form of vertex operators, for the type II superstring in the pure spinor formalism are considered. We review the construction of these vertex operators in flat space-time. We then review the type II superstrings in curved background in the pure spinor formalism to finally construct the vertex operators on a generic type II supergravity background., Comment: harvmac-big, 13+1 pages. Added a section

The unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDFs) of 3H, 3He and 4He nuclei are generated to calculate their structure functions (SFs) in the k t -factorization approach. The Kimber–Martin–Ryskin (KMR) formalism is applied to evaluate the double-scale UPDFs of these nuclei from their single-scale parton distribution functions (PDFs), which can be obtained from the constituent quark exchange model (CQEM). Afterwards, these SFs are used to calculate the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios of these nuclei. The resulting EMC ratios are then compared with the available experimental data and good agreement with data is achieved. In comparison with our previous EMC ratios, in which the conventional PDFs were used in the calculations, the accord of the present outcomes with experiment at the small x region becomes impressive. Therefore, it can be concluded that the k t dependence of partons can reproduce the general form of the shadowing effect at the small x values in above nuclei.

In this article we show how the resummation of infrared and collinear logarithms within Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) can be formulated in a way that makes it suitable for a Monte-Carlo implementation. This is done by applying the techniques developed for automated resummation using the branching formalism, which have resulted in the general resummation approach CAESAR/ARES. This work builds a connection between the two resummation approaches, and paves the way to automated resummation in SCET. As a case study we consider the resummation of the thrust distribution in electron-positron collisions at next-to-leading logarithm (NLL). However, the results presented here are easily generalizable to more complicated observables and processes as well as to higher orders in the logarithmic accuracy., 47 pages

The formalism of Operational Dynamical Modeling [Bondar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 190403 (2012)] is employed to analyze dynamics of spin half relativistic particles. We arrive at the Dirac equation from specially constructed relativistic Ehrenfest theorems by assuming that the coordinates and momenta do not commute. Forbidding creation of antiparticles and requiring the commutativity of the coordinates and momenta lead to classical Spohn’s equation [Spohn, Ann. Phys. 282, 420 (2000)]. Moreover, Spohn’s equation turns out to be the classical Koopman-von Neumann theory underlying the Dirac equation.

The Skyrme effective interaction, with its multitude of parameterisations, along with its implemen- tation using the static and time-dependent density functional (TDHF) formalism have allowed for a range of microscopic calculations of low-energy heavy-ion collisions. These calculations allow variation of the effective interaction along with an interpretation of the results of this variation informed by a comparison to experimental data. Initial progress in implementing TDHF for heavy-ion collisions necessarily used many approximations in the geometry or the interaction. Over the last decade or so, the implementations have overcome all restrictions, and studies have begun to be made where details of the effective interaction are being probed. This review surveys these studies in low energy heavy-ion reactions, finding significant effects on observables from the form of the spin-orbit interaction, the use of the tensor force, and the inclusion of time-odd terms in the density functional., submitted to Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys

Energy transport equations are derived directly from full molecular dynamics models as coarse-grained description. With the local energy chosen as the coarse-grained variables, we apply the Mori-Zwanzig formalism to derive a reduced model, in the form of a generalized Langevin equation. A Markovian embedding technique is then introduced to eliminate the history dependence. In sharp contrast to conventional energy transport models, this derivation yields {\it stochastic} dynamics models for the spatially averaged energy. We discuss the approximation of the random force using both additive and multiplicative noises, to ensure the correct statistics of the solution.

Jet tagging techniques that make use of deep learning show great potential for improving physics analyses at colliders. One such method is the Energy Flow Network (EFN) - a recently introduced neural network architecture that represents jets as permutation-invariant sets of particle momenta while maintaining infrared and collinear safety. We develop a variant of the Energy Flow Network architecture based on the Deep Sets formalism, incorporating permutation-equivariant layers. We derive conditions under which infrared and collinear safety can be maintained, and study the performance of these networks on the canonical example of W-boson tagging. We find that equivariant Energy Flow Networks have similar performance to Particle Flow Networks, which are superior to standard EFNs. However, equivariant Particle Flow Networks suffer from convergence and overfitting issues. Finally, we study how equivariant networks sculpt the jet mass and provide some initial results on decorrelation using planing., 20 pages, 8 figures

The new version of the gedanken experiments proposed by Sorce and Wald are designed to test the validity of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) by overspinning or overcharging the Kerr-Newman black hole in Einstein-Maxwell gravity. Following their setup, in this paper, we investigate the WCCC in the higher-dimensional charged black hole with a nonlinear electrodynamics source. We derive the first and seconder order perturbation inequalities of the charged collision matter based on the Iyer-Wald formalism as well as the null energy conditions, and show that they share the similar form as that in Einstein-Maxwell gravity. As a result, we find that the static higher-dimensional nonlinear electrodynamics (HDNL) black holes cannot be overcharged after considering these two inequalities. Our result might indicate the validity of WCCC for more general HNDL and related systems., 7 pages

Gravitational wave bursts with memory (BWMs) can generate measurable, long-lived frequency shifts and permanent angular deflections in distant sources of light. These perturbations vary across the sky with a characteristic spatial pattern and evolve slowly over long periods of time. In this work, we develop formalism that can be used to describe how a BWM influences the spatial pattern of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We limit our attention to planar gravitational wave fronts -- this assumption dramatically simplifies the necessary calculations. Using toy models of the CMB's primary temperature variation pattern, we demonstrate that a BWM can mix power from a spherical harmonic mode of a certain degree into modes of various other degrees with vastly different $l$ values. In other words, BWM-induced perturbations to the CMB at any angular scale depend in detail on the unperturbed character of the CMB on all angular scales. The tools developed herein will greatly facilitate future analyses of BWM-induced temperature perturbations that incorporate all of the important physics underlying the CMB., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 4 appendices. Updated to match version published in Phys. Rev. D

Valley filtering processes have been explored in different graphene-based configurations and scenarios to control transport responses. Here we propose graphene multi-terminal set-ups properly designed to obtain valley filtered currents in a broad range of energy, besides the possibility of controlling their directions. We explore graphene systems with extended mechanical fold-like deformations as an opportunity to enhance valley filtered transmission. The mixing between the electronic confinement effects due to a magnetic field and strain results in a selective drive of the current components in the quantum Hall regime. We adopt the mode-matching method within the Green's function formalism, allowing the direct analysis of the strain effect on each valley transmission. We estimate a threshold map of confinement parameters, characterized by the magnetic, deformation, and set-up lengths, to optimize valley filter transport processes and the proper switch of the valley polarized current directions.

The importance of implementing a proper regularization procedure in order to treat thermo and magnetic contributions within nonrenormalizable theories is investigated. Our study suggests that potential divergences should be isolated into the vacuum and purely magnetic contributions and then regularized while the convergent thermomagnetic contributions should be integrated over the full momentum range. This prescription is illustrated by applying the proper time formalism to the two flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, whose magnetic field dependent coupling has been recently determined. Observables such as the pressure, magnetization, speed of sound squared, and specific heat evaluated within our scheme are compared with results furnished by other three possible prescriptions. We show that these quantities display a thermomagnetic behavior which is physically more consistent when our scheme is adopted. In particular, we demonstrate that naively regulating the (entangled) vacuum, magnetic and thermomagnetic contributions leads to physically inconsistent results especially at the high temperature domain., 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

A framework is developed enabling the global analysis of the stability of cosmological models using the local geometric characteristics of the infinite-dimensional superspace, i.e. using the generalised Jacobi equation reformulated for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. We give a direct formalism for dynamical analysis in the superspace, the requisite equation pertinent for stability analysis of the universe by means of generalized covariant and Fermi derivative is derived. Then, the relevant definitions and formulae are retrieved for cosmological models with a scalar field., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, to appear in IJMPD April issue

We generalize the formalism proposed by Dalibard, Dupont-Roc and Cohen-Tannoudji [the DDC formalism] to the fourth order of the coupling constant, which can be used to study the interatomic interaction of two ground-state atoms coupled with the vacuum scalar fields. We show that the interatomic potential can be attributed to the joint effect of both vacuum fluctuations and the radiation reaction of atoms. Remarkably, the formulae we derived for the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and the radiation reaction to the interatomic potential upon which future research on fourth-order effects in particular circumstances can be based differ from those in the existing literature [Phys. Rev. D 95, 085014 (2017)]., 14 pages

A correlational dialect is introduced within the quantum theory language to give a unified treatment of finite-dimensional informational/operational quantum theories, infinite-dimensional relativistic quantum theories, and quantum gravity. Theories are written in terms of correlation diagrams which specify correlation types and weights. Grouping similar correlation diagrams leads to generalized Feynman diagrams, which in special cases reduce to the familiar Feynman diagrams from quantum field theories. The correlational formalism is applied in a study of correlation constraints, revealing new classes of quantum processes that evade previous characterizations of general quantum processes. The results apply to quantum theories of various kinds, including time-asymmetric theories, time-symmetric theories, theories without predefined time, and theories with indefinite causal structures., v2 with updated discussions on Feynman diagrams; 6 pages, 2 figures, plus appendix

The skin effect and topological edge states in non-Hermitian system have been well-studied, and the second-order skin effect and corner modes have also been proposed in non-Hermitian system recently. In this paper, we construct the nested tight-binding formalism to research the second-order corner modes analytically, which is a direct description of the generic non-Hermitian tight-binding model without other assumptions. Within this formalism, we obtain the exact solutions of second-order topological zero-energy corner modes for the non-Hermitian four-band model. We validate the nested tight-binding formalism in the hybrid skin-topological corner modes for the four-band model and a non-Hermitian two-dimensional (2D) extrinsic model. In addition, we exactly illustrate the corner modes induced by second-order skin effect for a simplest 2D non-Hermitian model by the nested tight-binding formalism., Comment: 15 pages,4 figures

We perform a theoretical study of the effects of electronic correlations on the superconducting gap structure of multi-band superconductors. In particular, by comparing standard RPA-based spin-fluctuation mediated gap structures to those obtained within the FLEX formalism for an iron-based superconductor, we obtain directly the feedback effects from electron-electron interactions on the momentum-space gap structure. We show how self-energy effects can lead to an orbital inversion of the orbital-resolved spin susceptibility, and thereby invert the hierarchy of the most important orbitals channels for superconducting pairing. This effect has important consequences for the detailed gap variations on the Fermi surface. We expect such self-energy feedback on the pairing gap to be generally relevant for superconductivity in strongly correlated multi-orbital systems., 8 pages, 5 figures

Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is formulated in six dimensions, without the use of anti-commuting variables. This is achieved using a new Nicolai map, to third order in the coupling constant. This is the second such map in six dimensions and highlights a potential ambiguity in the formalism., Comment: 11 pages

We investigate the role of squeezing interaction in inducing topological Bogoliubov excitations of a bosonic system. We introduce a squeezing transformation which is capable of reducing the corresponding Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian to an effective non-interacting one with the spectra and topology unchanged. In the weak interaction limit, we apply the perturbation theory to investigate the squeezing-induced topological gap opening on bosonic Bogoliubov excitations and find that the squeezing interaction plays an equivalent role as a spin-orbit or Zeeman-like coupling in the effective Hamiltonian. We thus apply this formalism to two existed models for providing deeper understandings of their topological structures. We also construct minimal models based on the elegant Clifford algebra for realizing bosonic topological Bogoliubov excitations. Our construction is potentially applicable for experiments in bosonic systems., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures