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Analyzing the first equation in the BBGKY chain of equations for an equilibrium liquid-gas system, we derived the analytical expression for the atom work function from liquid into gas. The coupling between the atom work function from liquid into vacuum and the stability criterion of liquid in limiting points of the first type was shown (using I.Z. Fisher classification). As it turned out, Fisher/s criterion corresponds to the condition of atomization. We have expressed the state equation in terms of the atom work function from liquid into vacuum and performed calculations of the limiting line of stability composed of limiting points of the first type for argon. Our model discovers an interesting effect of the negative atom work function: at a constant volume of liquid, on a temperature rise (and also at a fixed temperature and decreasing specific volume of liquid) the atom work function drops and takes a negative value with a modulus that is significantly larger than the atomic thermal energy. We propose a new two-stage mechanism of sonoluminescence based on non-thermal processes in liquid in a state with a negative atom work function. The first stage includes the emission of atoms from the interior of the bubble into gas at hyper-thermal velocities. At the second stage a collision of emitted flow takes place between the gas atoms along with the implosion of the central part of the bubble. As a result of the impact excitation, ionization and the subsequent recombination, the flash of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen in sonoluminescence experiments develops.

Analyzing the equations for the unary distribution functions of the Bogolubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon chain of equations for the equilibrium two-phase system consisting of binary mixture of simple liquids and gas mixture with plane interface, we derived the analytical expression for the mono-atomic potentials in liquid and gas phases. Using the asymptotic values of mono-atomic potentials in liquid and in gas far away from interface, for each component of the mixture was obtained expression for the atom work function from liquid into gas. The interrelation between the general equation of state for liquid mixture and the atom work functions from mixture into vacuum was established. The stability criterion for each component of the mixture in limiting points of the first type (using I.Z. Fishers classification) was formulated in terms of the atom work function from liquid mixture into vacuum. As it turned out, the stability criteria correspond to atomization conditions of the mixture components., Comment: 12 pages

The pair- and three-proton interaction potentials for metal-phase hydrogen are calculated. Irreducible three-proton interactions are shown to be essential in the development of the metal hydrogen structure. Possible manifestations of the three-ion interactions in the structure of quickly quenched metallic systems are discussed. Existence of amorphous metals is related to manifestations of the three-ion interactions in non-equilibrium conditions when amorphisation front travels through a liquid metal., 8 pages, RevTex, 4 figures