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38 results on '"Weisshaar, D"'

1. The Core of $^{25}$F studied by the $^{25}$F(-1p)$^{24}$O reaction

Author

Crawford, H. L., Jones, M. D., Macchiavelli, A. O., Fallon, P., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Brown, B. A., Campbell, C. M., Clark, R. M., Cromaz, M., Elman, B., Gade, A., Holt, J. D., Janssens, R. V. F., Lee, I. Y., Longfellow, B., Paschalis, S., Petri, M., Richard, A. L., Salathe, M., Tostevin, J. A., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The $^{25}$F($5/2^+) (-1p) ^{24}$O reaction was studied at the NSCL using the S800 spectrometer. The experimental spectroscopic factor for the ground-state to ground-state transition indicates a substantial depletion of the proton $d_{5/2}$ strength compared to shell-model expectations. Our result supports the findings reported by Tang \textit{et al.}, from their study of the $(p,2p)$ reaction at RIBF. The overlap between the $^{25}$F and $^{24}$O ground-states is considerably less than anticipated if $^{24}$O acted as a robust and rigid doubly-magic core in $^{25}$F. We interpret the results within the framework of the Particle-Vibration Coupling (PVC) of a $d_{5/2}$ proton coupled to a quadrupole phonon of an effective core. This approach provides a good description of the experimental data by requiring an effective $^{24}$O* core with a phonon energy of $\hbar\omega_2$= 3.2 MeV, and a $B(E2) ~ 2.7$ W.u., softer and more collective than a bare $^{24}$O. Both the Nilsson deformed mean field and the PVC models appear to capture the properties of the effective core of $^{25}$F, suggesting that the additional proton tends to polarize the free, doubly magic $^{24}$O in such a way that it becomes either slightly deformed or a quadrupole vibrator., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022

2. Exploiting dissipative reactions to perform in-beam $γ$-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-deficient isotopes \nuc{38,39}{Ca}

Author

Gade, A., Weisshaar, D., Brown, B. A., Bazin, D., Brown, K. W., Charity, R. J., Farris, P., Hill, A. M., Li, J., Longfellow, B., Rhodes, D., Reviol, W., and Tostevin, J. A.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

The neutron-deficient Ca isotopes continue to attract attention due to their importance for testing isospin symmetry and their relevance in capture reactions of interest for nova nucleosynthesis and the shape of light curves in Type I X-ray bursts. To date, spectroscopic information on 38,39 Ca is largely limited to data on lower-spin excited states. Here, we report in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of complementary higher-spin, complex-structure states in 39 Ca populated in fast-beam-induced, momentum-dissipative processes leading to neutron pickup onto excited configurations of the projectile, 9 Be(38 Ca , 39 Ca + γ)X. Such a dissipative reaction was recently characterized for the case of inelastic scattering of 38 Ca off 9 Be, 9 Be(38 Ca, 38 Ca + γ)X. Additional data and discussion on the nuclear structure of 38 Ca is also presented. An explanation for the more-complex-structure states, populated with small cross sections in one-nucleon knockout reactions, and observed in the tails of their longitudinal momentum distributions, is also offered., Submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Published
2022
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3. In-beam $γ$-ray spectroscopy of $^{32}$Mg via direct reactions

Author

Kitamura, N., Wimmer, K., Miyagi, T., Poves, A., Shimizu, N., Tostevin, J. A., Bader, V. M., Bancroft, C., Barofsky, D., Baugher, T., Bazin, D., Berryman, J. S., Bildstein, V., Gade, A., Imai, N., Kröll, T., Langer, C., Lloyd, J., Lunderberg, E., Nowacki, F., Perdikakis, G., Recchia, F., Redpath, T., Saenz, S., Smalley, D., Stroberg, S. R., Utsuno, Y., Weisshaar, D., and Westerberg, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Background: The nucleus $^{32}$Mg ($N=20$ and $Z=12$) plays a central role in the so-called "island of inversion" where in the ground states $sd$-shell neutrons are promoted to the $fp$-shell orbitals across the shell gap, resulting in the disappearance of the canonical neutron magic number $N=20$. Purpose: The primary goals of this work are to extend the level scheme of $^{32}$Mg, provide spin-parity assignments to excited states, and discuss the microscopic structure of each state through comparisons with theoretical calculations. Method: In-beam $γ$-ray spectroscopy of $^{32}$Mg was performed using two direct-reaction probes, one-neutron (two-proton) knockout reactions on $^{33}$Mg ($^{34}$Si). Final-state exclusive cross sections and parallel momentum distributions were extracted from the experimental data and compared with eikonal-based reaction model calculations combined with shell-model overlap functions. Results: Owing to the remarkable selectivity of the one-neutron and two-proton knockout reactions, a significantly updated level scheme for $^{32}$Mg, which exhibits negative-parity intruder and positive-parity normal states, was constructed. The experimental results were confronted with four different nuclear structure models. Conclusions: In some of these models, different aspects of $^{32}$Mg and the transition into the island of inversion are well described. However, unexplained discrepancies remain, and even with the help of these state-of-the-art theoretical approaches, the structure of this key nucleus is not yet fully captured.

Published
2022
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4. Shell structure of $^{43}$S and collapse of the $N=28$ shell closure

Author

Momiyama, S., Wimmer, K., Bazin, D., Belarge, J., Bender, P., Elman, B., Gade, A., Kemper, K. W., Kitamura, N., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Niikura, M., Ota, S., Schrock, P., Tostevin, J. A., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The single-particle structure of the $N=27$ isotones provides insights into the shell evolution of neutron-rich nuclei from the doubly-magic $^{48}$Ca toward the drip line. $^{43}$S was studied employing the one-neutron knockout reaction from a radioactive $^{44}$S beam. Using a combination of prompt and delayed $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy the level structure of $^{43}$S was clarified. Momentum distributions were analyzed and allowed for spin and parity assignments. The deduced spectroscopic factors show that the $^{44}$S ground-state configuration has a strong intruder component. The results were confronted with shell model calculations using two effective interactions. General agreement was found between the calculations, but strong population of states originating from the removal of neutrons from the $2p_{3/2}$ orbital in the experiment indicates that the breakdown of the $N=28$ magic number is more rapid than the theoretical calculations suggest., Comment: accepted for publication, Physical Review C

Published
2020

5. Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in 22Mg, 23Al, and 24Si

Author

Longfellow, B., Gade, A., Tostevin, J. A., Simpson, E. C., Brown, B. A., Magilligan, A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Bowry, M., Elman, B., Lunderberg, E., Rhodes, D., Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., and Williams, S. J.

Subjects
Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics::Category Theory, Nuclear Theory, Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Simpson and Tostevin proposed that the width and shape of exclusive parallel momentum distributions of the A-2 residue in direct two-nucleon knockout reactions carry a measurable sensitivity to the nucleon single-particle configurations and their couplings within the wave functions of exotic nuclei. We report here on the first benchmarks and use of this new spectroscopic tool. Exclusive parallel momentum distributions for states in the neutron-deficient nuclei $^{22}$Mg, $^{23}$Al, and $^{24}$Si populated in such direct two-neutron removal reactions were extracted and compared to predictions combining eikonal reaction theory and shell-model calculations. For the well-known $^{22}$Mg and $^{23}$Al nuclei, measurements and calculations were found to agree, supporting the dependence of the parallel momentum distribution width on the angular momentum composition of the shell-model two-neutron amplitudes. In $^{24}$Si, a level at 3439(9) keV, of relevance for the important $^{23}$Al(p,$\gamma$)$^{24}$Si astrophysical reaction rate, was confirmed to be the $2^+_2$ state, while the $4^+_1$ state, expected to be strongly populated in two-neutron knockout, was not observed. This puzzle is resolved by theoretical considerations of the Thomas-Ehrman shift, which also suggest that a previously reported 3471-keV state in $^{24}$Si is in fact the ($0^+_2$) level with one of the largest experimental mirror-energy shifts ever observed., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C as a Rapid Communication

Published
2020

6. Experimental identification of the $T = 1$, $J^�� = 6^+$ state of $^{54}$Co and isospin symmetry in $A = 54$ studied via one-nucleon knockout reactions

Author

Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., Gade, A., Brown, B. A., Adrich, P., Bazin, D., Bentley, M. A., Brown, J. R., Campbell, C. M., Diget, C. Aa., Elman, B., Glasmacher, T., Hill, M., Longfellow, B., Pritychenko, B., Ratkiewicz, A., Rhodes, D., and Tostevin, J. A.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

New experimental data obtained from $��$-ray tagged one-neutron and one-proton knockout from $^{55}$Co is presented. A candidate for the sought-after $T=1, T_z = 0, J^�� = 6^+$ state in $^{54}$Co is proposed based on a comparison to the new data on $^{54}$Fe, the corresponding observables predicted by large-scale-shell-model (LSSM) calculations in the full $fp$-model space employing charge-dependent contributions, and isospin-symmetry arguments. Furthermore, possible isospin-symmetry breaking in the $A=54$, $T=1$ triplet is studied by calculating the experimental $c$ coefficients of the isobaric mass multiplet equation (IMME) up to the maximum possible spin $J=6$ expected for the $(1f_{7/2})^{-2}$ two-hole configuration relative to the doubly-magic nucleus $^{56}$Ni. The experimental quantities are compared to the theoretically predicted $c$ coefficients from LSSM calculations using two-body matrix elements obtained from a realistic chiral effective field theory potential at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO)., 6 pages, 5 figures. Work has been published

Published
2020
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7. Structure of $^{30}$Mg explored via in-beam $��$-ray spectroscopy

Author

Kitamura, N., Wimmer, K., Shimizu, N., Bader, V. M., Bancroft, C., Barofsky, D., Baugher, T., Bazin, D., Berryman, J. S., Bildstein, V., Gade, A., Lunderberg, N. Imai T. Kr��ll C. Langer J. Lloyd E., Redpath, G. Perdikakis F. Recchia T., Saenz, S., Smalley, D., Stroberg, S. R., Tostevin, J. A., Tsunoda, N., Utsuno, Y., Weisshaar, D., and Westerberg, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

Background: In the "island of inversion", ground states of neutron-rich $sd$-shell nuclei exhibit strong admixtures of intruder configurations from the $fp$ shell. The nucleus $^{30}$Mg, located at the boundary of the island of inversion, serves as a cornerstone to track the structural evolution as one approaches this region. Purpose: Spin-parity assignments for excited states in $^{30}$Mg, especially negative-parity levels, have yet to be established. In the present work, the nuclear structure of $^{30}$Mg was investigated by in-beam $��$-ray spectroscopy mainly focusing on firm spin-parity determinations. Method: High-intensity rare-isotope beams of $^{31}$Mg, $^{32}$Mg, $^{34}$Si, and $^{35}$P bombarded a Be target to induce nucleon removal reactions populating states in $^{30}$Mg. $��$ rays were detected by the state-of-the-art $��$-ray tracking array GRETINA. For the direct one-neutron removal reaction, final-state exclusive cross sections and parallel momentum distributions were deduced. Multi-nucleon removal reactions from different projectiles were exploited to gain complementary information. Results: With the aid of the parallel momentum distributions, an updated level scheme with revised spin-parity assignments was constructed. Spectroscopic factors associated with each state were also deduced. Conclusions: Results were confronted with large-scale shell-model calculations using two different effective interactions, showing excellent agreement with the present level scheme. However, a marked difference in the spectroscopic factors indicates that the full delineation of the transition into the island of inversion remains a challenge for theoretical models.

Published
2020
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8. Inverse-kinematics proton scattering from $^{42,44}$S, $^{41,43}$P and the collapse of the $N=28$ major shell closure

Author

Riley, L. A., Bazin, D., Belarge, J., Bender, P. C., Brown, B. A., Cottle, P. D., Elman, B., Gade, A., Gregory, S. D., Haldeman, E. B., Kemper, K. W., Klybor, B. R., Liggett, M. A., Lipschutz, S., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Mijatovic, T., Pereira, J., Skiles, L. M., Titus, R., Volya, A., Weisshaar, D., Zamora, J. C., and Zegers, R. G. T.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states of the neutron-rich isotopes $^{42,44}$S and $^{41,43}$P have been studied via inverse-kinematics proton scattering from a liquid hydrogen target, using the GRETINA $\gamma$-ray tracking array to extract inelastic scattering cross sections. Deformation lengths of the $2^+_1$ excitations in $^{42,44}$S have been determined and, when combined with deformation lengths determined with electromagnetic probes, yield the ratio of neutron-to-proton matrix elements $M_n/M_p$ for the $2^+_1$ excitations in these nuclei. The present results for $^{41,43}$P$(p,p')$ are used to compare two shell model interactions, SDPF-U and SDPF-MU. As in a recent study of $^{42}$Si, the present results on $^{41,43}$P favor the SDPF-MU interaction., Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures

Published
2019

9. One-proton and one-neutron knockout reactions from $N = Z = 28$ $^{56}$Ni to the $A = 55$ mirror pair $^{55}$Co and $^{55}$Ni

Author

Spieker, M., Gade, A., Weisshaar, D., Brown, B. A., Tostevin, J. A., Longfellow, B., Adrich, P., Bazin, D., Bentley, M. A., Brown, J. R., Campbell, C. M., Diget, C. Aa., Elman, B., Glasmacher, T., Hill, M., Pritychenko, B., Ratkiewicz, A., and Rhodes, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present a high-resolution in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy study of excited states in the mirror nuclei $^{55}$Co and $^{55}$Ni following one-nucleon knockout from a projectile beam of $^{56}$Ni. The newly determined partial cross sections and the $\gamma$-decay properties of excited states provide a test of state-of-the-art nuclear structure models and probe mirror symmetry in unique ways. A mirror asymmetry for the partial cross sections leading to the two lowest $3/2^-$ states in the $A = 55$ mirror pair was identified as well as a significant difference in the $E1$ decays from the $1/2^+_1$ state to the same two $3/2^-$ states. The mirror asymmetry in the partial cross sections cannot be reconciled with the present shell-model picture or small mixing introduced in a two-state model. The observed mirror asymmetry in the $E1$ decay pattern, however, points at stronger mixing between the two lowest $3/2^-$ states in $^{55}$Co than in its mirror $^{55}$Ni.

Published
2019

10. Spectroscopy and lifetime measurements near the proton drip line: $^{26,27,28}$P

Author

Longfellow, B., Gade, A., Brown, B. A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Bowry, M., Cottle, P. D., Elman, B., Lunderberg, E., Magilligan, A., Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., and Williams, S. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the observation of excited states in the neutron-deficient phosphorus isotopes $^{26,27,28}$P via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy with both high-efficiency and high-resolution detector arrays. In $^{26}$P, a previously-unobserved level has been identified at 244(3) keV, two new measurements of the astrophysically-important 3/2$^+$ resonance in $^{27}$P have been performed, gamma decays have been assigned to the proton-unbound levels at 2216 keV and 2483 keV in $^{28}$P, and the gamma-ray lineshape method has been used to make the first determination of the lifetimes of the two lowest-lying excited states in $^{28}$P. The expected Thomas-Ehrman shifts were calculated and applied to levels in the mirror nuclei. The resulting level energies from this procedure were then compared with the energies of known states in $^{26,27,28}$P.

Published
2019

11. Probing the role of proton cross-shell excitations in 70Ni using nucleon knockout reactions

Author

Elman, B., Gade, A., Janssens, R. V. F., Ayangeakaa, A. D., Bazin, D., Belarge, J., Bender, P. C., Brown, B. A., Campbell, C. M., Carpenter, M. P., Crawford, H. L., Crider, B. P., Fallon, P., Forney, A. M., Harker, J., Liddick, S. N., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Prokop, C. J., Sethi, J., Taniuchi, R., Walters, W. B., Weisshaar, D., and Zhu, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The neutron-rich Ni isotopes have attracted attention in recent years due to the occurrence of shape or configuration coexistence. We report on the difference in population of excited final states in 70Ni following gamma-ray tagged one-proton, one-neutron, and two-proton knockout from 71Cu, 71Ni, and 72Zn rare-isotope beams, respectively. Using variations observed in the relative transition intensities, signaling the changed population of specific final states in the different reactions, the role of neutron and proton configurations in excited states of 70Ni is probed schematically, with the goal of identifying those that carry, as leading configuration, proton excitations across the Z = 28 shell closure. Such states are suggested in the literature to form a collective structure associated with prolate deformation. Adding to the body of knowledge for 70Ni, 29 new transitions are reported, of which 15 are placed in its level scheme., Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

Published
2019
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12. Is the structure of 42Si understood?

Author

Gade, A., Brown, B.A., Tostevin, J. A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Campbell, C.M., Crawford, H. L., Elman, B., Kemper, K. W., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Rhodes, D., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
General Physics, Nuclear Theory, nucl-th, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, Mathematical Sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Engineering, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, Physical Sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A more detailed test of the implementation of nuclear forces that drive shell evolution in the pivotal nucleus \nuc{42}{Si} -- going beyond earlier comparisons of excited-state energies -- is important. The two leading shell-model effective interactions, SDPF-MU and SDPF-U-Si, both of which reproduce the low-lying \nuc{42}{Si}($2^+_1$) energy, but whose predictions for other observables differ significantly, are interrogated by the population of states in neutron-rich \nuc{42}{Si} with a one-proton removal reaction from \nuc{43}{P} projectiles at 81~MeV/nucleon. The measured cross sections to the individual \nuc{42}{Si} final states are compared to calculations that combine eikonal reaction dynamics with these shell-model nuclear structure overlaps. The differences in the two shell-model descriptions are examined and linked to predicted low-lying excited $0^+$ states and shape coexistence. Based on the present data, which are in better agreement with the SDPF-MU calculations, the state observed at 2150(13)~keV in \nuc{42}{Si} is proposed to be the ($0^+_2$) level., Comment: accepted in Physical Review Letters

Published
2019
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13. Constraints for stellar electron-capture rates on $^{86}$Kr via the $^{86}$Kr($t$,$^{3}$He$+��$)$^{86}$Br reaction and the implications for core-collapse supernovae

Author

Titus, R., Ney, E. M., Zegers, R. G. T., Bazin, D., Belarge, J., Bender, P. C., Brown, B. A., Campbell, C. M., Elman, B., Engel, J., Gade, A., Gao, B., Kwan, E., Lipschutz, S., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Mijatovic, T., Noji, S., Pereira, J., Schmitt, J., Sullivan, C., Weisshaar, D., and Zamora, J. C.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

In the late stages of stellar core-collapse, prior to core bounce, electron captures on medium-heavy nuclei drive deleptonization and simulations require the use of accurate reaction rates. Nuclei with neutron number near $N=50$, just above atomic number $Z=28$, play an important role, but rates used in astrophysical simulations rely primarily on a relatively simple single-state approximation. In order to improve the accuracy of astrophysical simulations, experimental data are needed to test the electron-capture rates and to guide the development of better theoretical models. This work presents the results of the $^{86}$Kr($t$,$^{3}$He+$��$) experiment at the NSCL, from which an upper limit for the Gamow-Teller strength up to an excitation energy in $^{86}$Br of 5 MeV is extracted. The derived upper limit for the electron-capture rate on $^{86}$Kr indicates that the rate estimated through the single-state approximation is too high and that rates based on Gamow-Teller strengths estimated in shell-model and QRPA calculations are more accurate. The QRPA calculations tested in this manner were used for estimating the electron capture rates for 78 isotopes near $N=50$ and above $Z=28$. The impact of using these new electron-capture rates in simulations of supernovae instead of the rates based on the single-state approximation is investigated, indicating a significant reduction in the deleptonization that affects multi-messenger signals, such as the emission of neutrinos and gravitational waves., 15 pages, 10 figures

Published
2019
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14. Experimental Constraint on Stellar Electron-Capture Rates from the ${}^{88}\text{Sr}(t,{}^{3}\text{He}+��){}^{88}\text{Rb}$ reaction at 115 MeV/u

Author

Zamora, J. C., Zegers, R. G. T., Austin, Sam M., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Bender, P. C., Crawford, H. L., Engel, J., Falduto, A., Gade, A., Gastis, P., Gao, B., Ginter, T., Guess, C. J., Lipschutz, S., Longfellow, B., Macchiavelli, A. O., Miki, K., Ney, E., Noji, S., Pereira, J., Schmitt, J., Sullivan, C., Titus, R., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

The Gamow-Teller strength distribution from ${}^{88}$Sr was extracted from a $(t,{}^{3}\text{He}+��)$ experiment at 115 MeV/$u$ to constrain estimates for the electron-capture rates on nuclei around $N=50$, between and including $^{78}$Ni and $^{88}$Sr, which are important for the late evolution of core-collapse supernovae. The observed strength below an excitation energy of 8 MeV was consistent with zero and below 10 MeV amounted to $0.1\pm0.05$. Except for a very-weak transition that could come from the 2.231-MeV $1^{+}$ state, no $��$ lines that could be associated with the decay of known $1^{+}$ states were identified. The derived electron-capture rate from the measured strength distribution is more than an order of magnitude smaller than rates based on the single-state approximation presently used in astrophysical simulations for most nuclei near $N=50$. Rates based on shell-model and quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations that account for Pauli blocking and core-polarization effects provide better estimates than the single-state approximation, although a relatively strong transition to the first $1^{+}$ state in $^{88}$Rb is not observed in the data. Pauli unblocking effects due to high stellar temperatures could partially counter the low electron-capture rates. The new data serves as a zero-temperature benchmark for constraining models used to estimate such effects.

Published
2019
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15. Constraining the Neutron Star Compactness: Extraction of the $^{23}$Al($p,��$) Reaction Rate for the $rp$-Process

Author

Wolf, C., Langer, C., Montes, F., Pereira, J., Ong, W. -J., Poxon-Pearson, T., Ahn, S., Ayoub, S., Baumann, T., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Brown, B. A., Browne, J., Crawford, H., Cyburt, R. H., Deleeuw, E., Elman, B., Fiebiger, S., Gade, A., Gastis, P., Lipschutz, S., Longfellow, B., Meisel, Z., Nunes, F. M., Perdikakis, G., Reifarth, R., Richter, W. A., Schatz, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, J., Sullivan, C., Titus, R., Weisshaar, D., Woods, P. J., Zamora, J. C., and Zegers, R. G. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

The $^{23}$Al($p,��$)$^{24}$Si reaction is among the most important reactions driving the energy generation in Type-I X-ray bursts. However, the present reaction-rate uncertainty limits constraints on neutron star properties that can be achieved with burst model-observation comparisons. Here, we present a novel technique for constraining this important reaction by combining the GRETINA array with the neutron detector LENDA coupled to the S800 spectrograph at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The $^{23}$Al($d,n$) reaction was used to populate the astrophysically important states in $^{24}$Si. This enables a measurement in complete kinematics for extracting all relevant inputs necessary to calculate the reaction rate. For the first time, a predicted close-lying doublet of a 2$_2^+$ and (4$_1^+$,0$_2^+$) state in $^{24}$Si was disentangled, finally resolving conflicting results from two previous measurements. Moreover, it was possible to extract spectroscopic factors using GRETINA and LENDA simultaneously. This new technique may be used to constrain other important reaction rates for various astrophysical scenarios.

Published
2019
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16. Measurement of the $^{20}$F half-life

Author

Hughes, M., George, E. A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Voytas, P. A., Chandavar, S., Gade, A., Huyan, X., Liddick, S. N., Minamisono, K., Paulauskas, S. V., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The half-life of the $^{20}$F ground state has been measured using a radioactive beam implanted in a plastic scintillator and recording $\beta\gamma$ coincidences together with four CsI(Na) detectors. The result, $T_{1/2} = 11.0011(69)_{\rm stat}(30)_{\rm sys}$~s, is at variance by 17 combined standard deviations with the two most precise results. The present value revives the poor consistency of results for this half-life and calls for a new measurement, with a technique having different sources of systematic effects, to clarify the discrepancy., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

Published
2018

17. Invariant-mass spectroscopy of $^{18}$Ne, $^{16}$O, and $^{10}$C excited states formed in neutron transfer reactions

Author

Charity, R. J., Brown, K. W., Elson, J. M., Reviol, W., Sobotka, L. G., Buhro, W. W., Chajecki, Z., Lynch, W. G., Manfredi, J., Shane, R., Showalter, R. H., Tsang, M. B., Weisshaar, D., Winkelbauer, J., Bedoor, S., McNeel, D. G., and Wuosmaa, A. H.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutron transfer reactions with fast secondary beams of $^{17}$Ne, $^{15}$O, and $^9$C have been studied with the HiRA and CAESAR arrays. Excited states of $^{18}$Ne, $^{16}$O, and $^{10}$C in the continuum have been identified using invariant-mass spectroscopy. The best experimental resolution of these states is achieved by selecting events where the decay fragments are emitted transverse to the beam direction. We have confirmed a number of spin assignments made in previous works for the negative-parity states of $^{18}$Ne. In addition we have found new higher-lying excited states in $^{16}$O and $^{18}$Ne, some of which fission into two ground-state $^8$Be fragments. Finally for $^{10}$C, a new excited state was observed. These transfer reactions were found to leave the remnant of the $^9$Be target nuclei at very high excitation energies and maybe associated with the pickup of a deeply-bound $^9$Be neutron., Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures

Published
2018
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18. The structure of 70Fe: Single-particle and collective degrees of freedom

Author

Gade, A., Janssens, R. V. F., Tostevin, J. A., Bazin, D., Belarge, J., Bender, P. C., Bottoni, S., Carpenter, M. P., Elman, B., Freeman, S. J., Lauritsen, T., Lenzi, S. M., Longfellow, B., Lunderberg, E., Poves, A., Riley, L. A., Sharp, D. K., Weisshaar, D., and Zhu, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states in the neutron-rich \nuc{70}{Fe} nucleus were populated in a one-proton removal reaction from \nuc{71}{Co} projectiles at 87~MeV/nucleon. A new transition was observed with the $\gamma$-ray tracking array GRETINA and shown to feed the previously assigned $4^+_1$ state. In comparison to reaction theory calculations with shell-model spectroscopic factors, it is argued that the new $\gamma$ ray possibly originates from the $6^+_1$ state. It is further shown that the Doppler-reconstructed $\gamma$-ray spectra are sensitive to the very different lifetimes of the $2^+$ and $4^+$ states, enabling their approximate measurement. The emerging structure of \nuc{70}{Fe} is discussed in comparison to LNPS-new large-scale shell-model calculations., Comment: accepted for publication as PRC rapid communication

Published
2018
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19. Spectroscopy of $^{54}$Ti and the systematic behavior of low energy octupole states in Ca and Ti isotopes

Author

Riley, L. A., Agiorgousis, M. L., Baugher, T. R., Bazin, D., Blanchard, R. L., Bowry, M., Cottle, P. D., DeVone, F. G., Gade, A., Glowacki, M. T., Kemper, K. W., Kustina, J. S., Lunderberg, E., McPherson, D. M., Noji, S., Piekarewicz, J., Recchia, F., Sadler, B. V., Scott, M., Weisshaar, D., and Zegers, R. G. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states of the $N=32$ nucleus $^{54}$Ti have been studied, via both inverse-kinematics proton scattering and one-neutron knockout from $^{55}$Ti by a liquid hydrogen target, using the GRETINA $\gamma$-ray tracking array. Inelastic proton-scattering cross sections and deformation lengths have been determined. A low-lying octupole state has been tentatively identified in $^{54}$Ti for the first time. A comparison of $(p,p')$ results on low-energy octupole states in the neutron-rich Ca and Ti isotopes with the results of Random Phase Approximation calculations demonstrates that the observed systematic behavior of these states is unexpected., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
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20. Low-lying level structure of $^{56}$Cu and its implications on the rp process

Author

Ong, W-J., Langer, C., Montes, F., Aprahamian, A., Bardayan, D. W., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Browne, J., Crawford, H., Cyburt, R., Deleeuw, E. B., Domingo-Pardo, C., Gade, A., George, S., Hosmer, P., Keek, L., Kontos, A., Lee, I-Y., Lemasson, A., Lunderberg, E., Maeda, Y., Matos, M., Meisel, Z., Noji, S., Nunes, F. M., Nystrom, A., Perdikakis, G., Pereira, J., Quinn, S. J., Recchia, F., Schatz, H., Scott, M., Siegl, K., Simon, A., Smith, M., Spyrou, A., Stevens, J., Stroberg, S. R., Weisshaar, D., Wheeler, J., Wimmer, K., and Zegers, R. G. T.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The low-lying energy levels of proton-rich $^{56}$Cu have been extracted using in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with the state-of-the-art $\gamma$-ray tracking array GRETINA in conjunction with the S800 spectrograph at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. Excited states in $^{56}$Cu serve as resonances in the $^{55}$Ni(p,$\gamma$)$^{56}$Cu reaction, which is a part of the rp-process in type I x-ray bursts. To resolve existing ambiguities in the reaction Q-value, a more localized IMME mass fit is used resulting in $Q=639\pm82$~keV. We derive the first experimentally-constrained thermonuclear reaction rate for $^{55}$Ni(p,$\gamma$)$^{56}$Cu. We find that, with this new rate, the rp-process may bypass the $^{56}$Ni waiting point via the $^{55}$Ni(p,$\gamma$) reaction for typical x-ray burst conditions with a branching of up to $\sim$40$\%$. We also identify additional nuclear physics uncertainties that need to be addressed before drawing final conclusions about the rp-process reaction flow in the $^{56}$Ni region., Comment: 8 pages, accepted for Phys. Rev. C

Published
2017
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21. Unexpected distribution of $\nu1f_{7/2}$ strength in the calcium isotopes at $N$=30

Author

Crawford, HL, Macchiavelli, AO, Fallon, P, Albers, M, Bader, VM, Bazin, D, Campbell, CM, Clark, RM, Cromaz, M, Dilling, J, Gade, A, Gallant, AT, Holt, JD, Janssens, RVF, Krücken, R, Langer, C, Lauritsen, T, Lee, IY, Menéndez, J, Noji, S, Paschalis, S, Recchia, F, Rissanen, J, Schwenk, A, Scott, M, Simonis, J, Stroberg, SR, Tostevin, JA, Walz, C, Weisshaar, D, Wiens, A, Wimmer, K, and Zhu, S

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), nucl-th, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), nucl-ex, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The calcium isotopes have emerged as an important testing ground for new microscopically derived shell-model interactions, and a great deal of focus has been directed toward this region. We investigate the relative spectroscopic strengths associated with $1f_{7/2}$ neutron hole states in $^{47, 49}$Ca following one-neutron knockout reactions from $^{48,50}$Ca. The observed reduction of strength populating the lowest 7/2$^{-}_{1}$ state in $^{49}$Ca, as compared to $^{47}$Ca, is consistent with the description given by shell-model calculations based on two- and three-nucleon forces in the neutron $pf$ model space, implying a fragmentation of the $l$=3 strength to higher-lying states. The experimental result is inconsistent with both the GXPF1 interaction routinely used in this region of the nuclear chart and with microscopic calculations in an extended model space including the $\nu1g_{9/2}$ orbital., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Published
2016
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22. Spectroscopy of $^{28}$Na: shell evolution toward the drip line

Author

Lepailleur, A., Wimmer, K., Mutschler, A., Sorlin, O., Bader, V., Bancroft, C., Barofsky, D., Bastin, B., Baugher, T., Bazin, Dominique, Bildstein, V., Borcea, C., Borcea, R., Brown, B.A., Caceres, L., Gade, A., Gaudefroy, L., Grévy, S., Grinyer, G.F., Iwasaki, H., Khan, E., Kröll, T., Langer, C., Lemasson, A., Llidoo, O., Lloyd, J., Negoita, F., de Oliveira Santos, Francois, Perdikakis, G., Recchia, F., Redpath, T., Roger, T., Rotaru, F., Saenz, S., Saint-Laurent, M.G., Smalley, D., Sohler, D., Stanoiu, M., Stroberg, S.R., Thomas, J.C., Vandebrouck, M., Weisshaar, D., Westerberg, A., Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GANILEXP, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
21.60.Cs, FOS: Physical sciences, 23.20.Lv, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 27.30.+t, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states in $^{28}$Na have been studied using the $\beta$-decay of implanted $^{28}$Ne ions at GANIL/LISE as well as the in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy at the NSCL/S800 facility. New states of positive (J$^{\pi}$=3,4$^+$) and negative (J$^{\pi}$=1-5$^-$) parity are proposed. The former arise from the coupling between 0d$\_{5/2}$ protons and a 0d$\_{3/2}$ neutron, while the latter are due to couplings with 1p$\_{3/2}$ or 0f$\_{7/2}$ neutrons. While the relative energies between the J$^{\pi}$=1-4$^+$ states are well reproduced with the USDA interaction in the N=17 isotones, a progressive shift in the ground state binding energy (by about 500 keV) is observed between $^{26}$F and $^{30}$Al. This points to a possible change in the proton-neutron 0d$\_{5/2}$-0d$\_{3/2}$ effective interaction when moving from stability to the drip line. The presence of J$^{\pi}$=1-4$^-$ negative parity states around 1.5 MeV as well as of a candidate for a J$^{\pi}$=5$^-$ state around 2.5 MeV give further support to the collapse of the N=20 gap and to the inversion between the 0f$\_{7/2}$ and 1p$\_{3/2}$ levels below Z=12. These features are discussed in the framework of Shell Model and EDF calculations, leading to predicted negative parity states in the low energy spectra of the $^{26}$F and $^{25}$O nuclei., Comment: Exp\'erience GANIL/LISE et NSCL/S800

Published
2015
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23. Inverse-kinematics proton scattering on $^{50}$Ca: Determining effective charges using complementary probes

Author

Riley, L. A., Agiorgousis, M. L., Baugher, T. R., Bazin, D., Bowry, M., Cottle, P. D., DeVone, F. G., Gade, A., Glowacki, M. T., Kemper, K. W., Lunderberg, E., McPherson, D. M., Noji, S., Recchia, F., Sadler, B. V., Scott, M., Weisshaar, D., and Zegers, R. G. T.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have performed measurements of the $0_\mathrm{g.s.}^+ \rightarrow 2_1^+$ excitations in the neutron-rich isotopes $^{48,50}$Ca via inelastic proton scattering on a liquid hydrogen target, using the GRETINA $\gamma$-ray tracking array. A comparison of the present results with those from previous measurements of the lifetimes of the $2_1^+$ states provides us the ratio of the neutron and proton matrix elements for the $0_\mathrm{g.s.}^+ \rightarrow 2_1^+$ transitions. These results allow the determination of the ratio of the proton and neutron effective charges to be used in shell model calculations of neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of $^{48}$Ca., Comment: Phys. Rev. C, accepted

Published
2014
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24. Nuclear Structure Towards N=40 60Ca: In-beam gamma-ray Spectroscopy of 58,60Ti

Author

Gade, A., Janssens, R. V. F., Weisshaar, D., Brown, B. A., Lunderberg, E., Albers, M., Bader, V. M., Baugher, T., Bazin, D., Berryman, J. S., Campbell, C. M., Carpenter, M. P., Chiara, C. J., Crawford, H. L., Cromaz, M., Garg, U., Hoffman, C. R., Kondev, F. G., Langer, C., Lauritsen, T., Lee, I. Y., Lenzi, S. M., Matta, J. T., Nowacki, F., Recchia, F., Sieja, K., Stroberg, S. R., Tostevin, J. A., Williams, S. J., Wimmer, K., and Zhu, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states in the neutron-rich N=38,36 nuclei \nuc{60}{Ti} and \nuc{58}{Ti} were populated in nucleon-removal reactions from \nuc{61}{V} projectiles at 90~MeV/nucleon. The \gamma-ray transitions from such states in these Ti isotopes were detected with the advanced \gamma-ray tracking array GRETINA and were corrected event-by-event for large Doppler shifts (v/c \sim 0.4) using the \gamma-ray interaction points deduced from online signal decomposition. The new data indicate that a steep decrease in quadrupole collectivity occurs when moving from neutron-rich N=36,38 Fe and Cr toward the Ti and Ca isotones. In fact, \nuc{58,60}{Ti} provide some of the most neutron-rich benchmarks accessible today for calculations attempting to determine the structure of the potentially doubly-magic nucleus \nuc{60}{Ca}., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review letters

Published
2014
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25. Production cross sections from 82Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line

Author

Tarasov, O. B., Portillo, M., Morrissey, D. J., Amthor, A. M., Bandura, L., Baumann, T., Bazin, D., Berryman, J. S., Brown, B. A., Chubarian, G., Fukuda, N., Gade, A., Ginter, T. N., Hausmann, M., Inabe, N., Kubo, T., Pereira, J., Sherrill, B. M., Stolz, A., Sumithrarachichi, C., Thoennessen, M., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Production cross sections for neutron-rich nuclei from the fragmentation of a 82Se beam at 139 MeV/u were measured. The longitudinal momentum distributions of 126 neutron-rich isotopes of elements 11, 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted to Phys.Rev.C

Published
2013
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26. Observation of mutually enhanced collectivity in self-conjugate $^{76}_{38}$Sr$_{38}$

Author

Lemasson, A., Iwasaki, H., Morse, C., Bazin, D., Baugher, T., Berryman, J. S., Dewald, A., Fransen, C., Gade, A., McDaniel, S., Nichols, A., Ratkiewicz, A., Stroberg, S., Voss, P., Wadsworth, R., Weisshaar, D., Wimmer, K., and Winkler, R.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The lifetimes of the first 2$^{+}$ states in the neutron-deficient $^{76,78}$Sr isotopes were measured using a unique combination of the $\gamma$-ray line-shape method and two-step nucleon exchange reactions at intermediate energies. The transition rates for the 2$^{+}$ states were determined to be $B$(E2;2$^{+}$$\to 0^{+}$) = 2220(270) e$^{2}$fm$^{4}$ for $^{76}$Sr and 1800(250) e$^{2}$fm$^{4}$ for $^{78}$Sr, corresponding to large deformation of $\beta_2$ = 0.45(3) for $^{76}$Sr and 0.40(3) for $^{78}$Sr. The present data provide experimental evidence for mutually enhanced collectivity that occurs at $N$ = $Z$ = 38. The systematic behavior of the excitation energies and $B$(E2) values indicates a signature of shape coexistence in $^{76}$Sr, characterizing $^{76}$Sr as one of most deformed nuclei with an unusually reduced $E$(4$^{+}$)/$E$(2$^{+}$) ratio., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review C Rapid Communication

Published
2012

27. Quadrupole collectivity beyond N=28: Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of 47,48Ar

Author

Winkler, R., Gade, A., Baugher, T., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Glasmacher, T., Grinyer, G. F., Meharchand, R., McDaniel, S., Ratkiewicz, A., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first experimental study of quadrupole collectivity in the very neutron-rich nuclei \nuc{47,48}{Ar} using intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation. These nuclei are located along the path from doubly-magic Ca to collective S and Si isotopes, a critical region of shell evolution and structural change. The deduced $B(E2)$ transition strengths are confronted with large-scale shell-model calculations in the $sdpf$ shell using the state-of-the-art SDPF-U and EPQQM effective interactions. The comparison between experiment and theory indicates that a shell-model description of Ar isotopes around N=28 remains a challenge., Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters, typos fixed in resubmission on April 10

Published
2012

28. Beta decay of 71,73Co; probing single particle states approaching doubly magic 78Ni

Author

Rajabali, M. M., Grzywacz, R., Liddick, S. N., Mazzocchi, C., Batchelder, J. C., Baumann, T., Bingham, C. R., Darby, I. G., Ginter, T. N., Ilyushkin, S. V., Karny, M., Królas, W., Mantica, P. F., Miernik, K., Pfützner, M., Rykaczewski, K. P., Weisshaar, D., and Winger, J. A.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Low-energy excited states in 71,73Ni populated via the {\beta} decay of 71,73Co were investigated in an experiment performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU). Detailed analysis led to the construction of level schemes of 71,73Ni, which are interpreted using systematics and analyzed using shell model calculations. The 5/2- states attributed to the the f5/2 orbital and positive parity 5/2+ and 7/2+ states from the g9/2 orbital have been identified in both 71,73Ni. In 71Ni the location of a 1/2- {\beta}-decaying isomer is proposed and limits are suggested as to the location of the isomer in 73Ni. The location of positive parity cluster states are also identified in 71,73Ni. Beta-delayed neutron branching ratios obtained from this data are given for both 71,73Co., Comment: Accepted for publication in PRC

Published
2012
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29. In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of 35Mg and 33Na

Author

Gade, A., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Campbell, C. M., Cook, J. M., Ettenauer, S., Glasmacher, T., Kemper, K. W., McDaniel, S., Obertelli, A., Otsuka, T., Ratkiewicz, A., Terry, J. R., Utsuno, Y., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excited states in the very neutron-rich nuclei 35Mg and 33Na were populated in the fragmentation of a 38Si projectile beam on a Be target at 83 MeV/u beam energy. We report on the first observation of gamma-ray transitions in 35Mg, the odd-N neighbor of 34Mg and 36Mg, which are known to be part of the "Island of Inversion" around N = 20. The results are discussed in the framework of large- scale shell-model calculations. For the A = 3Z nucleus 33Na, a new gamma-ray transition was observed that is suggested to complete the gamma-ray cascade 7/2+ --> 5/2+ --> 3/2+ gs connecting three neutron 2p-2h intruder states that are predicted to form a close-to-ideal K = 3/2 rotational band in the strong-coupling limit., Accepted for publication Phys. Rev. C. March 16, 2011: Replaced figures 3 and 5. We thank Alfredo Poves for pointing out a problem with the two figures

Published
2011
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30. Observation of isotonic symmetry for enhanced quadrupole collectivity in neutron-rich 62,64,66Fe isotopes at N=40

Author

Rother, W., Dewald, A., Iwasaki, H., Lenzi, S. M., Starosta, K., Bazin, D., Baugher, T., Brown, B. A., Crawford, H. L., Fransen, C., Gade, A., Ginter, T. N., Glasmacher, T., Grinyer, G. F., Hackstein, M., Ilie, G., Jolie, J., McDaniel, S., Miller, D., Petkov, P., Pissulla, Th., Ratkiewicz, A., Ur, C. A., Voss, P., Walsh, K. A., Weisshaar, D., and Zell, K. -O.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The transition rates for the 2_{1}^{+} states in 62,64,66Fe were studied using the Recoil Distance Doppler-Shift technique applied to projectile Coulomb excitation reactions. The deduced E2 strengths illustrate the enhanced collectivity of the neutron-rich Fe isotopes up to N=40. The results are interpreted by the generalized concept of valence proton symmetry which describes the evolution of nuclear structure around N=40 as governed by the number of valence protons with respect to Z~30. The deformation suggested by the experimental data is reproduced by state-of-the-art shell calculations with a new effective interaction developed for the fpgd valence space., 4 pages, 2 figures

Published
2010

31. Collectivity at N=50: 82Ge and 84Se

Author

Gade, A., Baugher, T., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Campbell, C. M., Glasmacher, T., Grinyer, G. F., Honma, M., McDaniel, S., Meharchand, R., Otsuka, T., Ratkiewicz, A., Tostevin, J. A., Walsh, K. A., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The neutron-rich N=50 isotones 82Ge and 84Se were investigated using intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation on a 197Au target and inelastic scattering on 9Be. As typical for intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation with projectile energies exceeding 70 MeV/nucleon, only the first 2^+ states were excited in 82Ge and 84Se. However, in the inelastic scattering on a 9Be target, a strong population of the first 4^+ state was observed for 84Se, while there is no indication of a similarly strong excitation of the corresponding state in the neighboring even-even isotone 82Ge. The results are discussed in the framework of systematics and shell-model calculations using three different effective interactions., Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

Published
2010
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32. In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of very neutron-rich nuclei: Excited states in 46S and 48Ar

Author

Gade, A., Adrich, P., Bazin, D., Brown, B. A., Cook, J. M., Diget, C. Aa., Glasmacher, T., McDaniel, S., Ratkiewicz, A., Siwek, K., and Weisshaar, D.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study of the very neutron-rich nucleus 46S. The N=30 isotones 46S and 48Ar were produced in a novel way in two steps that both necessarily involve nucleon exchange and neutron pickup reactions, 9Be(48Ca,48K)X followed by 9Be(48K,48Ar+gamma)X at 85.7 MeV/u mid-target energy and 9Be(48Ca,46Cl)X followed by 9Be(46Cl,46S+gamma)X at 87.0 MeV/u mid-target energy, respectively. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations in the sdpf shell using the SDPF-NR effective interaction and Z-dependent modifications., accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2009

33. Coulomb excitation of $^{68}$Ni at safe energies

Author

Bree, N., Stefanescu, I., Butler, P. A., Cederkäll, J., Davinson, T., Delahaye, P., Eberth, J., Fedorov, D., Fedosseev, V. N., Fraile, L. M., Franchoo, S., Georgiev, G., Gladnishki, K., Huyse, M., Ivanov, O., Iwanicki, J., Jolie, J., Köster, U., Kröll, Th., Krücken, R., Marsh, B. A., Niedermaier, O., Reiter, P., Scheit, H., Schwalm, D., Sieber, T., Van de Walle, J., Van Duppen, P., Warr, N., Weisshaar, D., Wenander, F., Zemlyanoy, S., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The $B(E2;0^+\to2^+)$ value in $^{68}$Ni has been measured using Coulomb excitation at safe energies. The $^{68}$Ni radioactive beam was post-accelerated at the ISOLDE facility (CERN) to 2.9 MeV/u. The emitted $\gamma$ rays were detected by the MINIBALL detector array. A kinematic particle reconstruction was performed in order to increase the measured c.m. angular range of the excitation cross section. The obtained value of 2.8$^{+1.2}_{-1.0}$ 10$^2$ e$^2$fm$^4$ is in good agreement with the value measured at intermediate energy Coulomb excitation, confirming the low $0^+\to2^+$ transition probability., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008
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34. Shape and structure of N=Z 64Ge; Electromagnetic transition rates from the application of the Recoil Distance Method to knock-out reaction

Author

Starosta, K., Dewald, A., Dunomes, A., Adrich, P., Amthor, A. M., Baumann, T., Bazin, D., Bowen, M., Brown, B. A., Chester, A., Gade, A., Galaviz, D., Glasmacher, T., Ginter, T., Hausmann, M., Horoi, M., Jolie, J., Melon, B., Miller, D., Moeller, V., Norris, R. P., Pissulla, T., Portillo, M., Rother, W., Shimbara, Y., Stolz, A., Vaman, C., Voss, P., Weisshaar, D., and Zelevinsky, V.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Transition rate measurements are reported for the first and the second 2+ states in N=Z 64Ge. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with large-scale Shell Model calculations applying the recently developed GXPF1A interactions. Theoretical analysis suggests that 64Ge is a collective gamma-soft anharmonic vibrator. The measurement was done using the Recoil Distance Method (RDM) and a unique combination of state-of-the-art instruments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). States of interest were populated via an intermediate-energy single-neutron knock-out reaction. RDM studies of knock-out and fragmentation reaction products hold the promise of reaching far from stability and providing lifetime information for excited states in a wide range of nuclei.

Published
2007

35. 'Safe' Coulomb excitation of 30Mg

Author

Niedermaier, O., Scheit, H., Bildstein, V., Boie, H., Fitting, J., von Hahn, R., Kock, F., Lauer, M., Pal, U.K., Podlech, H., Repnow, R., Schwalm, D., Alvarez, C., Ames, F., Bollen, G., Emhofer, S., Habs, D., Kester, O., Lutter, R., Rudolph, K., Pasini, M., Thirolf, P.G., Wolf, B.H., Eberth, J., Gersch, G., Hess, H., Reiter, P., Thelen, O., Warr, N., Weisshaar, D., Aksouh, F., Van den Bergh, P., Van Duppen, P., Huyse, M., Ivanov, O., Mayet, P., Van de Walle, J., Aysto, J., Butler, P.A., Cederkall, J., Delahaye, P., Fynbo, H.O.U., Fraile, L.M., Forstner, O., Franchoo, S., Koster, U., Nilsson, T., Oinonen, M., Sieber, T., Wenander, F., Pantea, M., Richter, A., Schrieder, G., Simon, H., Behrens, T., Gernhauser, R., Kroll, T., Krucken, R., Munch, M., Davinson, T., Gerl, J., Huber, G., Hurst, A., Iwanicki, J., Jonson, B., Lieb, P., Liljeby, L., Schempp, A., Scherillo, A., Schmidt, P., Walter, G., Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISOLDE, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Pulmonology, and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Coulomb excitation, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, 25.70.De, 27.30.+t, 21.10.Re, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment, Collective levels, 20 < A < 38, Radioactive beams
Abstract

We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient $\gamma$ -spectrometer MINIBALL. Using $^{30}$Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25MeV/u together with a thin $^{nat}$Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative de-excitation $\gamma$ -ray yields the B(E2; 0$^{+}_{gs} \rightarrow 2^{+}_{1}$) value of $^{30}$Mg was determined to be 241(31)$e^{2}$fm$^{4}$. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmenttion facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method and confirms that the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope $^{30}$Mg lies still outside the "island of inversion". We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient gamma spectrometer MINIBALL. Using 30Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25 MeV/u together with a thin nat-Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative de-excitation gamma ray yields the B(E2: 0+ -> 2+) value of 30Mg was determined to be 241(31) e2fm4. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmentation facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method, and confirms the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope 30Mg lies still outside the ``island of inversion''.

Published
2004

36. A New 76Ge Double Beta Decay Experiment at LNGS

Author

Abt, I., Altmann, M., Bakalyarov, A., Barabanov, I., Bauer, C., Bellotti, E., Belyaev, S. T., Bezrukov, L., Brudanin, V., Buettner, C., Bolotsky, V. P., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Clement, H., Di Vacri, A., Eberth, J., Egorov, V., Grigoriev, G., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hampel, W., Heusser, G., Hofmann, W., Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kiko, J., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knoepfle, K. T., Kornoukhov, V. N., Laubenstein, M., Lebedev, V., Liu, X., Nemchenok, I., Pandola, L., Sandukovsky, V., Schoenert, S., Scholl, S., Schwingenheuer, B., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Tikhomirov, A., Vasenko, A. A., Vasiliev, S., Weisshaar, D., Yanovich, E., Yurkowski, J., Zhukov, S., and Zuzel, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This Letter of Intent has been submitted to the Scientific Committee of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in March 2004. It describes a novel facility at the LNGS to study the double beta decay of 76Ge using an (optionally active) cryogenic fluid shield. The setup will allow to scrutinize with high significance on a short time scale the current evidence for neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge using the existing 76Ge diodes from the previous Heidelberg-Moscow and IGEX experiments. An increase in the lifetime limit can be achieved by adding more enriched detectors, remaining thereby background-free up to a few 100 kg-years of exposure., Comment: 67 pages, 19 eps figures, 17 tables, gzipped tar file

Published
2004
Full Text
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37. Investigation of low spin states in 48-Cr with the MINIBALL spectrometer

Author

Jessen, K., Dewald, A., Eberth, J., Gersch, G., Jolie, J., Pietralla, N., Steinhardt, T., Warr, N., Weisshaar, D., Werner, V., von Brentano, P., and Lenzi, S. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Low spin states in the self-conjugate even-even nucleus 48-Cr were investigated using the MINIBALL gamma-ray spectrometer. At the FN tandem accelerator in Cologne the 46-Ti(3-He,n) reaction was used for the measurement of gamma-gamma coincidences for an excitation function from 7 to 12 MeV beam energy. 17 excited states were observed, nine for the first time by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy, and new spin assignments were made. No excited states apart from the ground band were observed below 3.4 MeV., 5 pages, 5 figures, prepared for submission tp Phys. Rev. C

Published
2003

38. AGATA-Advanced GAmma Tracking Array

Author

A. Colombo, Y. Mariette, A. Johnson, W. Korten, A. Brondi, T. Faul, J. Robin, R. Depalo, M. Slee, J. Gre¸bosz, H. C. Boston, H. Harroch, B. Rossé, M. Filliger, M. Gulmini, A. Korichi, S. Brambilla, J.R. Cresswell, C. Parisel, P. Edelbruck, F. Ameil, F. Camera, C. Oziol, Matthew Richard Dimmock, G. Salvato, F. Morbiducci, J. Ropert, M. Borsato, E. Legay, Marco Bellato, C. Santos, Gheorghe Pascovici, L. Charles, J. Pancin, G. Casati, P. G. Bizzeti, T. Stanios, S. Lhenoret, Diego Barrientos, P.M. Jones, Andreas Görgen, V. Chambert, S. Aydin, K. Hauschild, B. Hervieu, R. Nicolini, J. Simpson, H. J. Wollersheim, L. Lavergne, Pär-Anders Söderström, G. S. Simpson, G. Jaworski, F. Filmer, R. Griffiths, P.S. Morrall, M. Petcu, G. Lo Bianco, D. Linget, A. Givechev, D. C. Oxley, M. Kogimtzis, F. Salomon, J. Jolie, D. Wells, S. Moon, C. Aufranc, A. Corsi, T. Descombes, N. Goel, J. Thornhill, N. Warr, Serkan Akkoyun, B. Birkenbach, F. Dorangeville, Joël Chavas, P. Medina, Roberto Isocrate, C. Weber, E. Merchan, Bo Cederwall, I. Kojouharov, Enrique Sanchis, A. Lopez-Martens, Oliver Wieland, F. Le Blanc, D. Seddon, S. C. Letts, D. Bazzacco, J. Leske, B. Bruyneel, Alberto Pullia, L. Nelson, G. La Rana, B. Travers, I. Burrows, G. Maron, S. Coelli, J. J. Valiente-Dobón, F. Saillant, Piotr Bednarczyk, V.L. Ngo, J. Mierzejewski, Norbert Pietralla, R.S. Kempley, N. Kurz, M. Rebeschini, S. Fantinel, D. L. Balabanski, A. J. Boston, F. Tomasi, R. Berthier, M. D. Salsac, B. Dulny, C. Stahl, N. Dosme, C. Fanin, R. Baumann, S. Pietri, A. Astier, M. Nicoletto, J. van der Marel, A. Bracco, Björn Jonson, D. Mengoni, D. Bloor, Luna Pellegri, F. Lefebvre, D. Pugnére, J. Egea, S. Cabaret, D. Curien, M. Reese, C. Commeaux, Dirk Rudolph, A. Giannatiempo, F. Recchia, L. Ramina, A. Lermitage, C. A. Ur, R. M. Lieder, I.P. Brawn, R. Menegazzo, R. Raine, Krasimir Mitev, D. R. Napoli, G. Suliman, M. Kebbiri, Y. Drouen, Susan Rigby, W. Me¸czyński, R. Wadsworth, F. Didierjean, P. Desesquelles, Ch. Veyssiere, S. Leoni, Vicente González, P. Gros, Y. Le Noa, M. Castoldi, O. Möller, R. Orlandi, Thomas Beck, M. Şenyiğit, A. Jungclaus, L. Gibelin, Mohammed Kaci, Zs. Podolyák, J. Gerl, S. Erturk, W. Gast, B. Melon, V. Mendéz, R. Peghin, P. Molini, M. N. Erduran, D. Conventi, Pankaj S. Joshi, E. Clément, F.A. Beck, A. Austin, A. Cortesi, J. Palin, P. Cocconi, L. J. Harkness, F. C. L. Crespi, Dirk Weisshaar, P. Sona, A. Czermak, D. Lersch, N. Blasi, Anton Khaplanov, O. Stezowski, B. Rubio, R. Venturelli, M.-H. Sigward, E. Viscione, José Salt, C. S. Özben, Giancarlo Ripamonti, P. Spolaore, Johan Nyberg, S. M. Lenzi, L. Legeard, N. Redon, C. Rossi Alvarez, C. He, R. Chapman, P. Le Pouhalec, C. Diarra, Herbert Hess, T. Engert, A. Kaşkaş, Stanislav Tashenov, S. Klupp, C. Michelagnoli, Elif Ince, A. Algora, J. F. Smith, M. Ozille, Alessandro Zucchiatti, Angelo Geraci, A. Olariu, M. Labiche, N. Karkour, Stefano Riboldi, P. Bourgault, C. M. Petrache, M. Palacz, M. El Chambit, J.-L. Cercus, M. Zie¸bliński, Alex Wiens, R. Beunard, X. Lafay, T. Habermann, M. Karolak, L. Costa, Y. Aubert, Begoña Quintana, A P Robinson, V. F. E. Pucknell, D. Rosso, A. Capsoni, Emanuele Vardaci, L. Mihailescu, M. Tripon, E. Farnea, Ch. Theisen, Enrico Calore, G. Duchêne, N. V. Zamfir, X. Grave, S. Lunardi, I.H. Lazarus, José Blasco, D. Montanari, J.A. Sampson, P. H. Regan, N. Marginean, M. Pignanelli, L. Arnold, G. Benzoni, R. Krücken, G. de Angelis, D.P. Scraggs, I. Piqueras, D. M. Cullen, A. Obertelli, A. Bürger, D. Bortolato, G. Rainovski, A.R. Mather, P. Reiter, C. Unsworth, G. Baulieu, P. J. Coleman-Smith, C. Boiano, M. Richer, Sébastien Perrier, Agnese Giaz, Reynold J. Cooper, V. Vandone, S. Tanguy, C. Domingo-Pardo, A. Bouty, A. N. Grint, A. Maj, A. Gottardo, L. Berti, E. Pachoud, R. Marginean, E. A. Stefanova, A. Triossi, M. Nespolo, D. Bucurescu, R. Moro, H.T.M. Ha, D. S. Judson, J. L. Tain, A. Perego, Francesco Lelli, P. Detistov, B.Y. Ky, J. Ljungvall, B. Sowicki, M. Schlarb, F. Azaiez, P. Pariset, Ertan Şahin, R. Gernhäuser, M. Turcato, John Paul Strachan, B. Million, A. Atac, F. Carrio, D. Delbourg, F. Veronese, Th. Kröll, B. Cahan, A. Hernandez-Prieto, M. A. Bentley, K.M.M. Tun-Lanoë, B. Alikhani, P. Boutachkov, S. Leboutelier, Maria Doncel, A. M. Bizzeti-Sona, R. Touzery, A. Nannini, A. Lotode, P. J. Nolan, G. Rampazzo, F. Zocca, H. Schaffner, J. Eberth, A. Gadea, N. Toniolo, T. Hüyük, Q.T. Doan, P. Petkov, S. Broussard, S. Badoer, M. Rigato, Philip M Walker, J. Pouthas, Ch. Finck, L. Milechina, M. Norman, E. Pierre, J. Roccaz, S.J. Colosimo, Lázaro Guevara, Glyn Wittwer, Millan, Vicente Gonzalez -- 0000-0001-6014-2586, Rainovski, Georgi -- 0000-0002-1729-0249, Jaworski, Grzegorz -- 0000-0003-2241-0329, KORTEN, Wolfram -- 0000-0002-3940-0816, Domingo-Pardo, Cesar -- 0000-0002-2915-5466, Triossi, Andrea -- 0000-0001-5140-9154, Huyuk, Tayfun -- 0000-0003-0597-9767, Ince, Elif -- 0000-0003-4821-5441, Algora, Alejandro -- 0000-0002-5199-1794, Calore, Enrico -- 0000-0002-2301-3838, Rubio, Berta -- 0000-0002-9149-4151, THEISEN, Christophe -- 0000-0002-8509-1022, Rudolph, Dirk -- 0000-0003-1199-3055, Gadea, Andres -- 0000-0002-4233-1970, santos, cayetano -- 0000-0003-0727-1914, nannini, adriana -- 0000-0003-0659-7648, Depalo, Rosanna -- 0000-0003-3943-7982, Suliman, gabriel -- 0000-0001-8475-1992, Blasco, Jose-Maria -- 0000-0002-7663-9092, Petrache, Costel -- 0000-0001-8419-1390, Pietralla, Norbert -- 0000-0002-4797-3032, Cederwall, Bo -- 0000-0003-1771-2656, Zucchiatti, Alessandro -- 0000-0002-3647-596X, Mendez Munoz, Victor -- 0000-0002-9044-1189, Kruecken, Reiner -- 0000-0002-2755-8042, Napoli, Daniel Ricardo -- 0000-0002-8154-6958, Tain, Jose L. -- 0000-0002-3263-6965, SANCHIS, ENRIQUE -- 0000-0002-9689-9131, Zieblinski, Miroslaw -- 0000-0002-8693-7317, Hauschild, Karl -- 0000-0003-2862-2445, Montanari, Daniele -- 0000-0002-1980-7686, senyigit, menekse -- 0000-0002-2408-4419, La Rana, Giovanni -- 0000-0003-2814-4113, Menegazzo, Roberto -- 0000-0002-3060-5276, Soderstrom, Par-Anders -- 0000-0002-9504-2814, Unsworth, Carl -- 0000-0002-4100-7466, Camera, Franco -- 0000-0003-1731-4834, Gorgen, Andreas -- 0000-0003-1916-9941, Hernandez Prieto, Alvaro -- 0000-0002-0340-0240, Recchia, Francesco -- 0000-0002-8428-0112, de France, Gilles -- 0000-0002-7439-1759, GOTTARDO, Andrea -- 0000-0002-0390-5767, Perrier, Sebastien -- 0000-0001-5055-9046, Sowicki, Bogdan -- 0000-0002-7208-0690, Robinson, Andrew -- 0000-0002-2510-1321, Sahin, Eda -- 0000-0003-0683-5140, Pullia, Alberto -- 0000-0002-6393-747X, Lelli, Francesco -- 0000-0003-1900-9171, Clement, Emmanuel -- 0000-0003-1887-717X, benzoni, giovanna -- 0000-0002-7938-0338, Jonson, Bjorn -- 0000-0002-9697-9115, Bednarczyk, Piotr -- 0000-0002-5699-5292, Jones, Pete -- 0000-0001-7480-6603, Nicoletto, Marino -- 0000-0001-9301-0782, Ripamonti, Giancarlo -- 0000-0002-9406-021X, Bentley, Michael -- 0000-0001-8401-3455, Pellegri, Luna -- 0000-0002-3227-3332, Barrientos, Diego -- 0000-0001-9693-2942, GIAZ, Agnese -- 0000-0002-2550-450X, [Boston, A. J. -- Boston, H. C. -- Colosimo, S. -- Cooper, R. J. -- Cresswell, J. R. -- Dimmock, M. R. -- Filmer, F. -- Grint, A. N. -- Harkness, L. J. -- Judson, D. S. -- Mather, A. R. -- Moon, S. -- Nelson, L. -- Nolan, P. J. -- Norman, M. -- Oxley, D. C. -- Rigby, S. -- Sampson, J. -- Scraggs, D. P. -- Seddon, D. -- Slee, M. -- Stanios, T. -- Thornhill, J. -- Unsworth, C. -- Wells, D.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England -- [Akkoyun, S. -- Atac, A. -- Kaskas, A. -- Senyigit, M.] Ankara Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey -- [Algora, A. -- Barrientos, D. -- Domingo-Pardo, C. -- Egea, J. -- Gadea, A. -- Hueyuek, T. -- Kaci, M. -- Mendez, V. -- Rubio, B. -- Salt, J. -- Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46980 Paterna, Spain -- [Alikhani, B. -- Boutachkov, P. -- Givechev, A. -- Goel, N. -- Leske, J. -- Merchan, E. -- Moeller, O. -- Pietralla, N. -- Reese, M. -- Stahl, C.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, IKP, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany -- [Ameil, F. -- Beck, T. -- Boutachkov, P. -- Domingo-Pardo, C. -- Engert, T. -- Gerl, J. -- Goel, N. -- Habermann, T. -- Kojouharov, I. -- Kurz, N. -- Merchan, E. -- Pietri, S. -- Schaffner, H. -- Tashenov, S. -- Wollersheim, H. J.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany -- [de Angelis, G. -- Badoer, S. -- Berti, L. -- Calore, E. -- Cocconi, P. -- Conventi, D. -- Costa, L. -- Fantinel, S. -- Gadea, A. -- Gottardo, A. -- Gulmini, M. -- He, C. -- Ince, E. -- Kroell, Th. -- Lelli, F. -- Maron, G. -- Molini, P. -- Napoli, D. R. -- Rigato, M. -- Rosso, D. -- Sahin, E. -- Spolaore, P. -- Toniolo, N. -- Valiente-Dobon, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, IT-35020 Padua, Italy -- [Arnold, L. -- Baumann, R. -- Beck, F. A. -- El Chambit, M. -- Charles, L. -- Curien, D. -- Didierjean, F. -- Duchene, G. -- Faul, T. -- Filliger, M. -- Finck, Ch. -- Medina, P. -- Pachoud, E. -- Parisel, C. -- Piqueras, I. -- Richer, M. -- Robin, J. -- Santos, C. -- Sigward, M. -H. -- Weber, C.] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, F-67037 Strasbourg, France -- [Arnold, L. -- Baumann, R. -- Beck, F. A. -- El Chambit, M. -- Charles, L. -- Curien, D. -- Didierjean, F. -- Duchene, G. -- Faul, T. -- Filliger, M. -- Finck, Ch. -- Medina, P. -- Pachoud, E. -- Parisel, C. -- Piqueras, I. -- Richer, M. -- Robin, J. -- Santos, C. -- Sigward, M. -H. -- Weber, C.] CNRS, UMR 7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France -- [Astier, A. -- Cabaret, S. -- Desesquelles, P. -- Dosme, N. -- Gibelin, L. -- Ha, H. T. M. -- Hauschild, K. -- Karkour, N. -- Korichi, A. -- Lafay, X. -- Leboutelier, S. -- Legay, E. -- Lhenoret, S. -- Linget, D. -- Ljungvall, J. -- Lopez-Martens, A. -- Morbiducci, F. -- Ngo, V. L. -- Pariset, P. -- Perrier, S. -- Pierre, E. -- Roccaz, J. -- Travers, B.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France -- [Atac, A. -- Nyberg, J. -- Soderstrom, P. -A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden -- [Atac, A. -- Cederwall, B. -- Johnson, A. -- Khaplanov, A. -- van der Marel, J. -- Milechina, L. -- Tashenov, S.] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden -- [Aubert, Y. -- Azaiez, F. -- Le Blanc, F. -- Cercus, J. -L. -- Chambert, V. -- Commeaux, C. -- Delbourg, D. -- Diarra, C. -- Dorangeville, F. -- Edelbruck, P. -- Grave, X. -- Guevara, L. -- Harroch, H. -- Ky, B. Y. -- Lavergne, L. -- Lefebvre, F. -- Lermitage, A. -- Olariu, A. -- Oziol, C. -- Petrache, C. -- Pouthas, J. -- Salomon, F. -- Tanguy, S. -- Tun-Lanoe, K. M. M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91406 Orsay, France -- [Aufranc, C. -- Baulieu, G. -- Doan, Q. T. -- Pugnere, D. -- Redon, N. -- Rosse, B. -- Stezowski, O.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France -- [Austin, A. -- Burrows, I. -- Coleman-Smith, P. J. -- Griffiths, R. -- Kogimtzis, M. -- Labiche, M. -- Lazarus, I. H. -- Letts, S. C. -- Morrall, P. S. -- Palin, J. -- Pucknell, V. F. E. -- Simpson, J. -- Strachan, J.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England -- [Aydin, S. -- Bazzacco, D. -- Bellato, M. -- Bortolato, D. -- Chavas, J. -- Colombo, A. -- Fanin, C. -- Farnea, E. -- Isocrate, R. -- Kroell, Th. -- Lenzi, S. M. -- Lunardi, S. -- Marginean, R. -- Menegazzo, R. -- Mengoni, D. -- Michelagnoli, C. -- Nespolo, M. -- Nicoletto, M. -- Peghin, R. -- Ramina, L. -- Rampazzo, G. -- Rebeschini, M. -- Recchia, F. -- Rossi Alvarez, C. -- Salvato, G. -- Triossi, A. -- Turcato, M. -- Ur, C. 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L. -- Geraci, A. -- Giaz, A. -- Leoni, S. -- Million, B. -- Montanari, D. -- Nicolini, R. -- Pellegri, L. -- Pignanelli, M. -- Pullia, A. -- Riboldi, S. -- Ripamonti, G. -- Tomasi, F. -- Vandone, V. -- Viscione, E. -- Wieland, O. -- Zocca, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, IT-20133 Milan, Italy -- [Berthier, R. -- Bouty, A. -- Broussard, S. -- Buerger, A. -- Drouen, Y. -- Gros, P. -- Goergen, A. -- Hervieu, B. -- Karolak, M. -- Kebbiri, M. -- Korten, W. -- Ljungvall, J. -- Lotode, A. -- Mariette, Y. -- Le Noa, Y. -- Obertelli, A. -- Le Pouhalec, P. -- Salsac, M. -D. -- Theisen, Ch. -- Touzery, R. -- Veyssiere, Ch.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France -- [Beunard, R. -- Bourgault, P. -- Cahan, B. -- Clement, E. -- de France, G. -- Legeard, L. -- Ozille, M. -- Pancin, J. -- Raine, R. -- Ropert, J. -A. -- Saillant, F. -- Tripon, M. -- Wittwer, G.] CEA DSM CNRS IN2P3, GANIL, F-14076 Caen, France -- [Birkenbach, B. -- Bruyneel, B. -- Eberth, J. -- Hess, H. -- Jolie, J. -- Lersch, D. -- Pascovici, G. -- Reiter, P. -- Warr, N. -- Weisshaar, D. -- Wiens, A.] Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany -- [Bizzeti, P. G. -- Bizzeti-Sona, A. M. -- Giannatiempo, A. -- Melon, B. -- Perego, A. -- Sona, P.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, IT-50019 Florence, Italy -- [Bizzeti, P. G. -- Bizzeti-Sona, A. M. -- Giannatiempo, A. -- Melon, B. -- Nannini, A. -- Perego, A. -- Sona, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, IT-50019 Florence, Italy -- [Blasco, J. M. -- Carrio, F. -- Egea, J. -- Gonzalez, V. -- Sanchis, E.] Univ Valencia, Dept Elect Engn, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain -- [Borsato, M. -- Bortolato, D. -- Lenzi, S. M. -- Lunardi, S. -- Marginean, R. -- Mengoni, D. -- Michelagnoli, C. -- Nespolo, M. -- Recchia, F. -- Salvato, G. -- Triossi, A. -- Venturelli, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, IT-35131 Padua, Italy -- [Bracco, A. -- Camera, F. -- Corsi, A. -- Crespi, F. C. L. -- Giaz, A. -- Leoni, S. -- Montanari, D. -- Nicolini, R. -- Pellegri, L. -- Pignanelli, M. -- Pullia, A. -- Riboldi, S. -- Vandone, V.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy -- [Brawn, I. P.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England -- [Brondi, A. -- Moro, R. -- La Rana, G. -- Vardaci, E.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, IT-80126 Naples, Italy -- [Brondi, A. -- Moro, R. -- La Rana, G. -- Vardaci, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, IT-80126 Naples, Italy -- [Bucurescu, D. -- Marginean, N. -- Marginean, R. -- Petcu, M. -- Ur, C. A.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania -- [Buerger, A. -- Suliman, G. -- Zamfir, N. V.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany -- [Buerger, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway -- [Casati, G. -- Geraci, A. -- Ripamonti, G.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, IT-20133 Milan, Italy -- [Castoldi, M. -- Zucchiatti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy -- [Chapman, R. -- Mengoni, D. -- Orlandi, R. -- Smith, J. F.] Univ W Scotland, Sch Engn, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland -- [Cullen, D. M. -- Robinson, A. P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England -- [Depalo, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, IT-35131 Padua, Italy -- [Descombes, T. -- Simpson, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC,INP Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble, France -- [Doncel, M. -- Hernandez-Prieto, A. -- Quintana, B.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Fis Fundamental, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain -- [Erduran, M. N. -- Ince, E.] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey -- [Erturk, S.] Nigde Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey -- [Gast, W. -- Lieder, R. M. -- Mihailescu, L.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany -- [Gernhaeuser, R. -- Klupp, S. -- Kruecken, R. -- Schlarb, M.] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany -- [Jaworski, G.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Phys, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland -- [Jaworski, G. -- Mierzejewski, J. -- Palacz, M.] Univ Warsaw, Heavy Ion Lab, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland -- [Jones, P.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland -- [Jonson, B.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden -- [Jungclaus, A. -- Orlandi, R.] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain -- [Kempley, R. S. -- Podolyak, Z. -- Regan, P. H. -- Walker, P. M.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England -- [Mitev, K. -- Rainovski, G.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria -- [Ozben, C.] Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey -- [Rudolph, D.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Research Group: Information Management, CSNSM SNO, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), informatique, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CSNSM MECA, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM INFOR, CSNSM ELEC, Matière Nucléaire, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), AGATA, Akkoyun, S., Algora, A., Alikhani, B., Ameil, F., De Angelis, G, Arnold, L., Astier, A., Ataç, A., Aubert, Y., Aufranc, C., Austin, A., Aydin, S., Azaiez, F., Badoer, S., Balabanski, D. L., Barrientos, D., Baulieu G., L, Baumann, R., Bazzacco, D., Beck, F. A., Beck, T., Bednarczyk, P., Bellato, M., Bentley, M. A., Benzoni, G., Berthier, R., Berti, L., Beunard, R., Lo Bianco, G., Birkenbach, B., Bizzeti, P. G., Bizzeti Sona, A. M., Le Blanc, F., Blasco, J. M., Blasi, N., Bloor, D., Boiano, C., Borsato, M., Bortolato, D., Boston, A. J., Boston, H. C., Bourgault, P., Boutachkov, P., Bouty, A., Bracco, A., Brambilla, S., Brawn, I. P., Brondi, Augusto, Broussard, S., Bruyneel, B., Bucurescu, D., Burrows, I., Bürger, A., Cabaret, S., Cahan, B., Calore, E., Camera, F., Capsoni, A., Carrió, F., Casati, G., Castoldi, M., Cederwall, B., Cercus J., L, Chambert, V., El Chambit, M., Chapman, R., Charles, L., Chavas, J., Clément, E., Cocconi, P., Coelli, S., Coleman Smith, P. J., Colombo, A., Colosimo, S., Commeaux, C., Conventi, D., Cooper, R. J., Corsi, A., Cortesi, A., Costa, L., Crespi, F. C. L., Cresswell, J. R., Cullen, D. M., Curien, D., Czermak, A., Delbourg, D., Depalo, R., Descombes, T., Désesquelles, P., Detistov, P., Diarra, C., Didierjean, F., Dimmock, M. R., Doan, Q. T., Domingo Pardo, C., Doncel, M., Dorangeville, F., Dosme, N., Drouen, Y., Duchêne, G., Dulny, B., Eberth, J., Edelbruck, P., Egea, J., Engert, T., Erduran, M. N., Ertürk, S., Fanin, C., Fantinel, S., Farnea, E., Faul, T., Filliger, M., Filmer, F., Finck, C., De France, G., Gadea, A., Gast, W., Geraci, A., Gerl, J., Gernhäuser, R., Giannatiempo, A., Giaz, A., Gibelin, L., Givechev, A., Goel, N., González, V., Gottardo, A., Grave, X., Grȩbosz, J., Griffiths, R., Grint, A. N., Gros, P., Guevara, L., Gulmini, M., Görgen, A., Ha, H. T. M., Habermann, T., Harkness, L. J., Harroch, H., Hauschild, K., He, C., Hernández Prieto, A., Hervieu, B., Hess, H., Hüyük, T., Ince, E., Isocrate, R., Jaworski, G., Johnson, A., Jolie, J., Jones, P., Jonson, B., Joshi, P., Judson, D. S., Jungclaus, A., Kaci, M., Karkour, N., Karolak, M., Kaşkaş, A., Kebbiri, M., Kempley, R. S., Khaplanov, A., Klupp, S., Kogimtzis, M., Kojouharov, I., Korichi, A., Korten, W., Kröll, T., Krücken, R., Kurz, N., Ky, B. Y., Labiche, M., Lafay, X., Lavergne, L., Lazarus, I. H., Leboutelier, S., Lefebvre, F., Legay, E., Legeard, L., Lelli, F., Lenzi, S. M., Leoni, S., Lermitage, A., Lersch, D., Leske, J., Letts, S. C., Lhenoret, S., Lieder, R. M., Linget, D., Ljungvall, J., Lopez Martens, A., Lotodé, A., Lunardi, S., Maj, A., Van Der Marel, J., Mariette, Y., Marginean, N., Marginean, R., Maron, G., Mather, A. R., Mȩczyński, W., Mendéz, V., Medina, P., Melon, B., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Merchan, E., Mihailescu, L., Michelagnoli, C., Mierzejewski, J., Milechina, L., Million, B., Mitev, K., Molini, P., Montanari, D., Moon, S., Morbiducci, F., Moro, RENATA EMILIA MARIA, Morrall, P. S., Möller, O., Nannini, A, Napoli, D. R., Nelson, L., Nespolo, M., Ngo, V. L., Nicoletto, M., Nicolini, R., Le Noa, Y., Nolan, P. J., Norman, M., Nyberg, J., Obertelli, A., Olariu, A., Orlandi, R., Oxley, D. C., Özben, C., Ozille, M., Oziol, C., Pachoud, E., Palacz, M., Palin, J., Pancin, J., Parisel, C., Pariset, P., Pascovici, G., Peghin, R., Pellegri, L., Perego, A., Perrier, S., Petcu, M., Petkov, P., Petrache, C., Pierre, E., Pietralla, N., Pietri, S., Pignanelli, M., Piqueras, I., Podolyak, Z., Le Pouhalec, P., Pouthas, J., Pugnére D., L, Pucknell, V. F. E., Pullia, A., Quintana, B., Raine, R., Rainovski, G., Ramina, L., Rampazzo, G., LA RANA, Giovanni, Rebeschini, M., Recchia, F., Redon N., L, Reese M., C, Reiter, P., Regan, P. H., Riboldi, S., Richer, M., Rigato, M., Rigby, S., Ripamonti, G., Robinson, A., Robin, J., Roccaz, J., Ropert, J. A., Rossé, B. l., Rossi Alvarez, C., Rosso, D., Rubio, B., Rudolph, D., Saillant, F., Şahin, E., Salomon, F., Salsac, M. 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V., Ziȩbliński, M., Zucchiatti, A., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and 0-Belirlenecek

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pulse-shape and gamma-ray tracking algorithms, FOS: Physical sciences, Semiconductor detector performance and simulations, Integrated circuit, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tracking (particle physics), gamma-Ray tracking, 01 natural sciences, Pulse-shape and γ-ray tracking algorithms, law.invention, Data acquisition, law, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, γ-Ray spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Digital signal processing, Event reconstruction, gamma-Ray spectroscopy, Physics, sezele, Spectrometer, Spectrometers, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, AGATA, Digital signals, HPGe detectors, Pulse-shape, Ray tracking, HPGe detectors, Algorithms, Crystals, Germanium, Semiconductor detectors, Signal processing, Spectrometry, Tracking (position), γ-Ray tracking, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), AGATA, Física nuclear, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

WOS: 000300864200005, The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation gamma-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of gamma-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a gamma ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of gamma-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector-response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., EU [RII3-CT-2004-506065]; German BMBF [06K-167, 06KY2051]; Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; UK EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; UK STFC Science and Technology Facilities Council; AWE plc; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [106T055]; Ankara University [05B4240002]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [DPN/N190/AGATA/2009]; Spanish MICINN [FPA2008-06419, FPA2009-13377-C02-02]; Spanish Consolider-Ingenio Programme CPAN [CSD2007-00042]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2010/101]; MICINN, Spain; INFN, Italy [AIC10-D-000568]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F012039/1, ST/J000094/1, ST/F004192/1, ST/J000159/1, ST/I504940/1, NuSTAR, ST/F006950/1, ST/I504916/1, ST/G000670/1, ST/F004060/1, ST/J000051/1, ST/J000108/1, ST/G000670/1 NuSTAR, ST/I504959/1, ST/G000727/1, ST/F004052/1, ST/F004184/1], AGATA and this work is supported by the European funding bodies and the EU Contract RII3-CT-2004-506065, the German BMBF under Grants 06K-167 and 06KY2051, the Swedish Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, UK EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK STFC Science and Technology Facilities Council, AWE plc, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Proj. nr. 106T055) and Ankara University (BAP Proj. nr. 05B4240002), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Grant DPN/N190/AGATA/2009, the Spanish MICINN under grants FPA2008-06419 and FPA2009-13377-C02-02, the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (contract number CSD2007-00042) the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEO/2010/101, and research performed in the frame of the GSI-IN2P3 collaboration agreement number 02-42. A. Gadea and E. Farnea acknowledge the support of MICINN, Spain, and INFN, Italy, through the AIC10-D-000568 bilateral action.

Published
2012
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