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The pieces of wood extracted by the Marquis of Cerralbo at the Acheulian site of Torralba constitute one of the few materials from this famous locality that have not been subjected to detailed study by researchers. Over a century after their extraction, the present paper provides the first anatomical results of these 34 woody remains. The results highlight the presence of the taxon Pinus sylvestris – nigra group ( Pinus cf. sylvestris) at the site, thus constituting one of the few and oldest references attributable to the aforementioned taxon for the Iberian Peninsula. The anatomical diagnosis confirms the existence of Middle Pleistocene landscapes with pine woods at elevations at least 200 m lower than at present in the site area. From a taphonomic point of view, the wood samples exhibit the typical morphologies of woody macroremains preserved in continental sedimentary environments, and there was no evidence at all that they had previously been manipulated by man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetal remains are considered labile structures that quickly become decayed in ecosystems. However, certain lignified tissues (woody plants) can largely resist decomposition, becoming sometimes exceptionally well preserved. At the Upper Cretaceous site of 'Lo Hueco' (Cuenca, Spain), those woody remains (trunks and branches) with resinous material in the inner tracheids and parenchyma cells that were buried rapidly under anoxic conditions experienced a low degree of maturation, becoming exceptionally well preserved. Those woody remains deposited under oxic conditions (sub-aerial or sub-aquatic exposure) were more intensely biodegraded and subsequently carbonified, partially or completely mineralized in gypsum and covered by a ferruginous crust. These two modes of preservation are scarce, with silicification or carbonification processes much more common, and both can be considered as 'exceptional preservation'. Other vegetal remains, such as carbonified leaves, stems and roots, were collected in the site. The different modes of preservation depend directly on: depositional micro-environment (sandy distributary channel, muddy flood plain); and type (trunk, branch, stem, leave, root) and state (presence or absence of resinous material) of the material. The great abundance and diversity of fossils in 'Lo Hueco' identify it as Konzentrat-Lagerstätten, sequentially formed by alternated events of flooding and drying depositional events, but the exceptional quality and rarity of determinate vegetal macroremains preservation suggest that certain deposits of this site can be considered as conservation deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Detailed reconstructions of the vegetation of Iberia during the last glacial inception are rare due to the limited number of terrestrial sites recording this period. Active retreat of El Asperillo cliff, located on the Atlantic coast of southwestern Iberia, has exposed a fossil organic level dating back to one of the early stades of the last glacial cycle. Pollen and macrofossil analyses from this site show that the Doñana area was covered mainly by steppic vegetation; temperate trees survived the coldest periods, albeit in reduced numbers. Mediterranean taxa are extremely reduced, in contrast with other dry areas of southern Iberia over this time span. This vegetation suggests cold and arid climatic conditions, in accordance with paleoclimatic reconstructions based on several Atlantic marine cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports on analysis of plant macrofossils in aeolian deposits exposed in El Asperillo cliff in the Province of Huelva. A significant find of a large number of macrofossils of Pinus (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus nigra Arnold) makes a major contribution to our understanding of the role of Pine in the Upper Pleistocene landscapes of Iberia. P. pinaster Ait. and P. nigra Arnold, are meso-microthermic species and inhabited valleys excavated in aeolian sediments mainly deposited during OIS 4 and OIS 3 (based on OSL and radiocarbon ages). Their presence in these valleys during the last part of OIS4 and OIS 3 reflects a significant fall in temperature during certain periods of these isotopic stages and helps us better understand the response of coastal dynamics to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Cal Guardiola site, discovered during the construction of an office building in the centre of Terrassa (Province of Barcelona, NE Spain), is home to one of the richest deposits of lower–middle Pleistocene flora in the Iberian Peninsula. The site contains a large quantity of plant macroremains, including non-carbonised wood, in an exceptional state of preservation. In this work, 100 wood fragments were analysed along with 25 pollen samples and 2 coprolites, all from the same horizon. These remains revealed the presence of a mixed deciduous forest with significant numbers of Quercus (Quercetum mixtum). Thermophilous, meso-hygrothermophilous and river forest species were also present, including some taxa rarely recorded for the Pleistocene, e.g., the mesocratic group of species represented by Juglans, Carya and Platanus. Fossil wood of Aesculus was also identified; this is the first Pleistocene reference of this species in Iberia. In this open Mediterranean forest, several remarkable gymnosperms were present. For example, Pinus haploxylon-type pollen was identified, demonstrating the survival of this group of conifers during the lower Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula. Pollen of Taxodiaceae was also found — the first reference of this family for the Iberian Pleistocene-showing these taxa survived on the Peninsula until the lower–middle Pleistocene transition. Warm-temperate and humid conditions prevailed during this interval; clear indications of an interstadial episode were observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]