1. Assessing the performance of vehicles powered by battery, fuel cell and ultra-capacitor: Application to light-duty vehicles and buses.
- Author
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Sagaria, Shemin, Costa Neto, Rui, and Baptista, Patricia
- Subjects
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ELECTRIC motor buses , *FUEL cells , *ELECTRIC vehicle batteries , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *FUEL cell vehicles , *VEHICLE models - Abstract
• Light duty and heavy duty vehicle model is tested for different power sources. • Battery as power source is optimal of LDV. • Fuel cell powered powertrain is optimal for trucks and coaches. • Ultra capacitor powered powertrain is recommended for public transportation. • Fuel cell vehicle become economically cheaper once the production increases to 100,000 units/year. As alternative vehicle technologies gain more importance in the market, this work assesses the possibility of a multi power source vehicle configuration by evaluating the performance of an electric vehicle powered by battery (BEV), fuel cell (FCEV), ultra-capacitor (UC) and combination of the former. A flexible vehicle simulation model was developed in MATLAB-Simulink and vehicle performance was evaluated in various 1 Hz certified cycles, enabling the assessment of light duty and heavy-duty vehicles powered by various power sources. The developed model accurately estimates energy consumption and range of passenger vehicle with an average absolute error of less than 4% and 2% for the electric bus. The study showed that BEV has the least energy consumption (23%), followed by FCEV (65%) compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in real world conditions. Regarding the combination of energy sources, an increase in range by 10% is estimated when battery is combined with fuel cell, while combining ultra-capacitor with battery enables a lifetime extension of battery life by 10%, with negligible change in range. Combining secondary sources with fuel cell shows a reduction of total fuel cell capacity by 40% for the same operation. Analysis on ultra-capacitor showed negative response with light duty vehicle, while for buses the usage of batteries shows positive results with negative impacts on cost and recharging time. Ultra-capacitors are highly recommended for short-frequent trips with fast recharging and a life of 20 years, while fuel cells as a primary energy source are recommended for the long-range trips in coaches and trucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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