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Objective: Lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) is regarded as one of the most common male sexual dysfunction. We aimed to detect whether insula-related brain functional networks are altered in lifelong PE patients and whether such alterations are "normalised" after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) administration. Methods: Twenty-three drug-naive lifelong PE patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in current study. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at first. One hour after dapoxetine administration, all patients underwent fMRI scanning again. The degree centrality (DC), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis, and ROI-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis were applied to calculate the abnormalities in insula-related functions among three groups. Results: Compared to HC group, PE patients at baseline showed significantly altered DC, ALFF, and ReHo value of the bilateral insula, which subsequently showed a "normalised" trend after dapoxetine administration. Additionally, compared to HC group, PE patients at baseline showed significantly decreased FC between insula and precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle/inferior temporal gyrus, and caudate, while patients after dapoxetine administration showed increased insula-related FC in anterior cingulate cortex and decreased FC in thalamus and middle/inferior temporal gyrus. The main effects of dapoxetine were located in precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, caudate, and limbic system. Conclusions: Our findings report altered brain mechanism of insula in lifelong PE patients and also indicate that dapoxetine can "normalise" the abnormal function of the insula to certain extent in lifelong PE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is one of the most common childhood epilepsy syndromes. The neural basis of BECTS is still poorly understood. This study aimed to further investigate the possible neural mechanisms of BECTS by comparing percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) signal of each brain voxel and connectivity within and between related networks in children with BECTS and healthy controls (HCs). Firstly, we used PerAF method to investigate brain functional alteration and defined the regions of interest (ROIs) where children with BECTS exhibited significant PerAF alterations compared to HCs. We then divided these ROIs into different networks based on previous findings and investigated alterations of functional connectivity within and between networks in children with BECTS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the reliable biomarker for distinguishing children with BECTS from HCs based on the intergroup PerAF differences. Children with BECTS showed decreased PerAF in the left middle frontal cortex (MFC), right precentral gyrus, left precuneus (PCUN), bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left angular gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right supplementary motor area (SMA) and left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) compared to HCs. The IPL and PCC exhibited higher classification power by ROC analysis. Moreover, our findings exhibited increased Intra-network connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), and increased inter-network connectivity of the sensorimotor network (SMN) with Broca's area and DMN. Our study investigated the abnormal PerAF and functional brain networks in children with BECTS, which might provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms of BECTS. • Children with BECTS exhibited abnormal PerAF and FC within and between brain networks. • PerAF is an improved voxel-level amplitude metric. • Inter-network may advance understanding of the global integration of brain network. • A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of BECTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]