187 results on '""Droits fondamentaux""'
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2. UNLOCKING THE SYNERGY: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND (OLD AND NEW) HUMAN RIGHTS.
- Author
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CASONATO, CARLO
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INFORMED consent (Law) ,RIGHT of privacy ,DATA integration ,DATA protection - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Public Law is the property of European Public Law Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. TRUSTWORTHY AI AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS.
- Author
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EICHENHOFER, JOHANNES
- Subjects
DATA protection laws ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CIVIL rights ,RIGHT of privacy ,DATA integration - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Public Law is the property of European Public Law Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
4. OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE; WITHOUT THE PEOPLE? DIGITAL GOVERNMENT, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION.
- Author
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KARKALIS, IOANNIS
- Subjects
INTERNET in public administration ,CIVIL rights ,CORRUPTION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Public Law is the property of European Public Law Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
5. Une convention spécifique aux personnes âgées? Contribution au débat.
- Author
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LYAZID, MARYVONNE
- Abstract
Copyright of Aequitas: Journal of Human Development, Disability & Social Change / Revue de Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social is the property of Reseau international sur le Processus de production du handicap, RIPPH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. LA MÉTAMORPHOSE DES BONNES MOEURS.
- Author
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POPA, IONUŢ-FLORIN
- Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
7. Este demnitatea un drept justițiabil?
- Author
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POPA, IONUȚ-FLORIN
- Subjects
DIGNITY ,CIVIL law ,PUBLIC law ,CIVIL rights ,CIVIL code ,RIGHT of publicity ,HUMAN rights - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
8. CONTROLE JURIDICTIONNEL DES SANCTIONS EXTERNES DE L' UE DEVANT LA COUR DE JUSTICE DE L' UE.
- Author
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SVOBODA, PAVEL
- Subjects
JUDICIAL review ,SECURITY classification (Government documents) ,INTERNATIONAL sanctions ,CIVIL rights ,LEGAL literature ,HUMAN rights - Abstract
Judicial Review of EU International Sanctions before the Court of Justice of the EU This article provides background legal information on the problems of judicial review of EU external sanctions before the CJEU. It does so from two perspectives. First, the article discusses the general problems of judicial review of international (external) sanctions, hiding under the ambivalent label of "restrictive measures"; here, the legal problems arise mainly from the fact that EU secondary sanctions acts fall under both the CFSP and other EU policies, the two EU policy areas being relatively autonomous in terms of the types of secondary acts and their adoption. The article then analyses the human rights dimension of this judicial review; this is because certain fundamental rights (in particular the right to a defence and the right to effective remedy) place considerable demands on the procedural and evidentiary aspects of this judicial review in a situation where much of the evidence relies on classified intelligence information. The scope of the article allows the author to provide only an introduction to the issues discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Analysis of India's Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022: Determining Potential Misuse and Possible Violations of Fundamental Rights.
- Author
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Yadav, Vaibhav
- Subjects
LEGAL status of prisoners ,CRIMINAL procedure ,EQUALITY ,RIGHT of privacy ,CIVIL rights ,PRISONERS - Abstract
Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. LE MILIEU URBAIN, LES RISQUES ET LES CATASTROPHES: DE LA VILLE DURABLE A LA VILLE RESILIENTE?
- Author
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Ladeira Garbaccio, Grace, Tietzmann e Silva, José Antônio, Prieur, Julien, and Martins De Araújo, Luciane
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,SUSTAINABLE urban development ,CITIES & towns ,NATURAL disasters ,CIVIL rights ,CITY dwellers ,URBAN growth - Abstract
Copyright of Direito da Cidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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11. El derecho a la educación: elementos, alcances y retos.
- Author
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SÁNCHEZ CUBIDES, PEDRO ALFONSO and HIGUERA JIMÉNEZ, DIEGO MAURICIO
- Subjects
RIGHT to education ,JUSTICE administration ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,CIVIL rights ,SPHERES ,HUMAN rights - Abstract
Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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12. L'égalité dans la représentation politique.
- Author
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Cohendet, Marie-Anne
- Subjects
REPRESENTATIVE government ,DEMOCRACY ,EQUALITY ,CIVIL rights - Abstract
Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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13. Condiţie internă sau confirmare internă a efectului direct al tratatelor privind drepturile omului? (O discuţie în legătură cu aplicarea art. 4 şi art. 5 din Codul civil).
- Author
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CONSTANTIN, VALENTIN and BERCEA, RALUCA
- Subjects
CIVIL rights ,CIVIL code ,ROMANIANS ,VOCABULARY - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
14. Y a-t-il un recours pour renforcer l'effectivité des droits fondamentaux? Les actions de groupe en droit administratif français.
- Author
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Combrade, Bertrand-Léo
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,CLASS actions ,CIVIL rights ,ADMINISTRATIVE law - Abstract
Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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15. Un modelo actancial para el estudio de la jurisprudencial constitucional en Colombia: Una mirada desde cuatro derechos fundamentales de la población privada de la libertad.
- Author
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Navajas Barrera, Diego Alain
- Subjects
FREEDOM of religion ,LEGAL judgments ,CIVIL rights ,JURISPRUDENCE ,DATA analysis ,JUDGE-made law - Abstract
Copyright of Iustitia is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Bucaramanga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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16. La condamnation du Mali par la Cour africaine des droits de l'homme, vers une ultime relecture du code des personnes et de la famille.
- Author
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Dembele, Mamadou Bakaye
- Subjects
CODIFICATION of law ,WOMEN'S rights ,LEGAL judgments ,INTERNATIONAL obligations - Abstract
Copyright of African Journal of International & Comparative Law is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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17. VIVRE ET TRAVAILLER AVEC LE DROIT COMPARÉ. RÉFLEXIONS D'UNE JUGE ET PROFESSEURE.
- Author
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TOADER, Camelia
- Subjects
CONTRACTS ,CONFLICT of laws ,COMPARATIVE law ,EUROPEAN integration ,CIVIL rights - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
18. Les droits des personnes transgenres au Pakistan (2009-2019).
- Author
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Redding, Jeffrey A.
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER rights ,TRANSGENDER people ,APPELLATE courts ,COURT orders ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,PETITIONS ,CIVIL society - Abstract
Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Universite Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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19. SOBRE LA «ESPECIAL RESPONSABILIDAD» DEL TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICIA EN LA APLICACIÓN DE LA CARTA DE DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES.
- Author
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CRUZ VILLALÓN, PEDRO
- Subjects
CIVIL rights ,JUSTICE administration ,EUROPEAN integration ,LEGAL rights ,JUSTICE - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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20. LE JUGE CONSTITUTIONNEL ROUMAIN, GARANT DE L’ACCÈS LIBRE À LA JUSTICE.
- Author
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CRISTE, Mircea
- Subjects
- *
LEGAL costs , *LEGAL judgments , *CONSTITUTIONAL courts , *ACCESS to justice , *CIVIL rights - Abstract
The Romanian Constitutional Court has the competence to control the laws, both by means of an a priori control and also by those of an a posteriori control. The latter is exercised by means of a prejudicial question, raised during a trial, the action popularis being excluded. The free access to justice (article 21 of the Romanian Constitution), represents one of the fundamental rights upon which the Court is generally called to conclude. By several decisions, the Constitutional Court has reaffirmed its role of guardian of the fundamental law, giving the adequate interpretation of article 21, many times referring to the ECHR case law, regarding the notion of reasonable, the court costs, the trial length, the right to sue and to appeal the judicial decisions or to take a matter to an administrative jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
21. Una descripción aproximada de la estructura del derecho al ambiente sano en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano.
- Author
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Burgos Claros, Otoniel
- Subjects
POLICE intervention ,GOLD mining ,LEGAL rights ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,JUSTICE administration ,CRIMINAL behavior ,DEVIANT behavior - Abstract
Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
22. Validez del secreto profesional médico en los elementos probatorios dentro del proceso penal.
- Author
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Fajardo Sandoval, Franklyn, Rengifo Varona, William Arley, and Portilla Parra, Sebastian
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,PATIENTS' rights ,JUDICIAL discretion ,JUSTICE administration ,DEONTOLOGICAL ethics - Abstract
Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
23. Objeción de conciencia al servicio militar obligatorio en Colombia: debates sobre su fundamentación jurídica.
- Author
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Martínez Ramírez, Juan Manuel
- Subjects
DRAFT (Military service) ,WAR ,CONSCIENTIOUS objection ,CIVIL disobedience ,LIBERTY of conscience ,CONSCIENCE - Abstract
Copyright of Iustitia is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Bucaramanga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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24. L'application de la Loi sur les services en français (LSF) de l'Ontario aux services de santé: la problématique des Réseaux locaux d'intégration des soins de santé (RLISS).
- Author
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EASTAUGH, ÉRIK LABELLE
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,LINGUISTIC rights ,ADMINISTRATIVE law ,JURISPRUDENCE ,LANGUAGE policy ,TRADE publications - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Generale de Droit is the property of Universite d'Ottawa, Section de Droit Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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25. EVOLUTION, TRANSFORMATION ET REVISION DE LA CONSTITUTION. CONSIDERATIONS SUR LES LIMITES DE LA NORMATIVITE DES REGLES ECRITES.
- Author
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BALAN, Marius
- Subjects
PARLIAMENTARY practice ,LEGISLATIVE power ,JUDICIAL review ,CONSTITUTIONAL law ,CIVIL rights - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
26. Acción de Tutela contra providencias judiciales: elementos, condiciones y crítica.
- Author
-
Higuera Jiménez, Diego Mauricio
- Subjects
ADMINISTRATIVE acts ,SOCIAL security ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,CIVIL rights ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,DEFENSE in depth (Computer security) - Abstract
Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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27. La dynamique constitutionnelle de la citoyenneté inclusive en droit comparé
- Author
-
Jordane Arlettaz
- Subjects
citoyenneté inclusive ,droit de vote ,fundamental rights ,démocratie ,democracy ,voting rights ,droits fondamentaux ,Geology ,Ocean Engineering ,Water Science and Technology ,constitution ,inclusive citizenship - Abstract
Des exclus de la citoyenneté à l’égale citoyenneté, de la citoyenneté temporelle à la citoyenneté permanente, la reconnaissance du statut de citoyen demeure aujourd’hui un champ politique dont le droit se fait la vitrine. Ces dernières années, l’actualité constitutionnelle donne en effet à voir une garantie renforcée des droits de citoyenneté par un encadrement plus strict des conditions comme des critères de déchéance du droit de vote. L’étude de cette actualité démontre que l’inclusion dans la communauté politique des citoyens doit autant à l’intégration du droit de vote dans la catégorie des droits fondamentaux qu’à une réflexion sur la qualité du régime démocratique. From excluded people to equal citizenship, from temporal citizenship to permanent citizenship, the recognition of the status of citizen remains today a political field for which the law is the showcase. In recent years, the constitutional developments have indeed shown a reinforced guarantee of the rights of citizenship through a stricter supervision of the conditions as well as of the criteria of disqualification from voting. The study of this evolution shows that the inclusion of citizens in the political community owes as much to the integration of the right to vote in the category of fundamental rights as to a reflection on the quality of the democratic regime.
- Published
- 2022
28. Les fonctions du vêtement au travail en droit au prisme de photographies
- Author
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Emmanuelle Mazuyer
- Subjects
dress-code ,occupational health and safety ,work practices ,personal freedoms ,usages professionnels ,regulation ,General Medicine ,fundamental rights ,équipements de protection individuelle ,employer’s duty of care ,droits fondamentaux ,libertés individuelles ,personal protective equipment ,santé et sécurité au travail ,open-space ,réglementation ,pouvoir de l’employeur ,employer power ,obligation de sécurité de l’employeur - Abstract
Le support photographique permet de rendre compte de ce qu’implique le vêtement au travail d’un point de vue juridique. Le port d’un vêtement de travail ou d’un équipement de protection peut être requis, en droit, pour préserver la santé et la sécurité de la personne dans le cadre de son activité professionnelle. Juridiquement, ce sont ces motifs qui imposent à l’employeur, débiteur d’une obligation de sécurité, de le fournir, de l’entretenir, de le réparer et qui légitiment l’obligation pour le travailleur de le porter. Tel est le cas des soignants face aux risques biologiques ou de salariés confrontés à des risques chimiques. La fonction « rempart » du vêtement est alors mise en évidence. Dans d’autres contextes, le vêtement porté au travail est le vêtement personnel avec lequel on se pare, en tant que marqueur de la personnalité. C’est le vêtement « apparence ». La tenue vestimentaire est alors susceptible d'ingérences liées à des normes vestimentaires ou à un dress code professionnel. Alors les contraintes parfois non juridiques d’un milieu professionnel cohabitent avec la liberté individuelle des travailleurs. The photographic medium allows to give an account of what clothing involves at work from a legal point of view. The wearing of work clothing or protective equipment may be required, in law, to protect the health and safety of the person in the course of his or her professional activity. Legally, it is these reasons which impose on the employer, who owes a security obligation, to provide it, to maintain it, to repair it and which legitimize the obligation for the worker to wear it. This is the case for caregivers facing biological risks or employees facing chemical risks. The "bulwark" function of the garment is then highlighted. In other contexts, the garment worn at work is the personal garment with which one adorns oneself, as a marker of personality. It is the “appearance” clothing. The clothing is then susceptible to interfere with dress standards or dress code. Then the sometimes non-legal constraints of an occupational environment coexist with the individual freedom of workers.
- Published
- 2022
29. La représentation de la laïcité dans les manuels scolaires grecs depuis son adhésion à la Communauté européenne (1981-2018)
- Author
-
Kalesi, Eleni
- Subjects
laïcité ,Greece ,manuels scolaires ,European community ,enseignement primaire/secondaire ,secularism ,religion orthodoxe ,fundamental rights ,identité nationale ,droits fondamentaux ,national identity ,orthodox religion ,school textbooks ,Grèce ,Communauté européenne ,primary/secondary education - Abstract
Depuis l’établissement de l’État grec moderne au xixe siècle, son système éducatif véhicule un discours scolaire imprégné de la religion orthodoxe : participation au cours de religion, fêtes religieuses et prière matinale dans le milieu scolaire en sont quelques exemples significatifs. Mais, que s’est-il passé depuis que la Grèce a adhéré à la Communauté européenne en 1981 et qu’elle est désormais obligée de se conformer aux règles européennes en matière de liberté de religion ? Cet article traite de ce défi, dit laïcité, et des moyens que le système éducatif grec utilise pour intégrer le concept dans son discours scolaire. Il se base sur les grandes composantes de la laïcité afin d’analyser le contenu des manuels scolaires de religion, d’histoire et d’éducation civique de l’enseignement primaire et secondaire au cours de ces quarante dernières années (1981-2018) et, ensuite, de constater les transformations éventuelles dans la façon dont la laïcité est présentée. Since the establishment of the modern Greek state in the 19th century, its educational system conveys a school discourse imbued with the orthodox religion: participation in religion classes, religious celebrations and morning prayer in school are some significant examples. But what happened when Greece joined the European Community in 1981 and is now obliged to comply with eu rules on freedom of religion? The present article deals with this challenge, known as laïcité (secularism), and the means that the Greek education system uses to integrate the concept into its school discourse. It is based on the major components of laïcité to analyze the content of religious, history and civic education school textbooks of primary and secondary education during the last forty years (1981-2018) and then, to observe the possible transformations in the way laïcité is presented.
- Published
- 2022
30. EL PRINCIPIO DE PROPORCIONALIDAD EN LA JUSTICIA ORDINARIA Y TRANSICIONAL.
- Author
-
Cala-Calvete, William
- Abstract
In modern constitutionalism a series of principles have emerged, tending to develop the substantive nature of the higher norms and, within them, the preponderance that has acquired the principle of proportionality, which in penal matters allows to establish adequately the minimum and maximum limits of penalties, is unquestionable, being also, the main criterion to define the penalty in the concrete case; likewise, the aforementioned principle allows establishing a differentiated application of sentences in ordinary and transitional justice, noting that in the latter, restorative justice is privileged over retributive justice. In this regard, the application of the principle of proportionality is essential both in the legislative phase and at the time of the judicial application of the penalty; therefore, the amount of these should not exceed the magnitude of the seriousness that for society represents the punishable act that is sanctioned, and in parallel the establishment and imposition of derisory penalties, seriously violate the aforementioned principle; which, however, admits exceptions in transitional justice processes through which it intends to integrate various efforts in order to face the consequences of massive violations and widespread or systematic human rights abuses, suffered in the development of an armed conflict, with the purpose of building paths of peace, respect, reconciliation and consolidation of democracy; it is precisely for this reason that the application of the aforementioned principle in legislative processes and in legal and administrative proceedings acquires a huge preponderance, because if the essential postulates that stem from this principle are not met, there will be no truth, nor justice, nor proportional reparation and therefore, it will not be fulfilling the duty of peace and will not enjoy this such right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
31. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AT THE CROSSROADS OF EU CONSTITUTIONALISM. DECODING THE MEMBER STATES' KEY(S) TO THE CHARTER.
- Author
-
PEREZ FERNANDES, SOPHIE
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union law ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,POLITICAL rights ,SOCIAL development - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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32. Guía para la caracterización de la víctima policial en Colombia: visibilizacio'n del policía y su familia, víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia.
- Author
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del Pilar Suárez Mendoza, Angélica
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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33. Potestad reguladora de las instituciones educativas y manuales de convivencia en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional: lineamientos en materia de convivencia escolar.
- Author
-
Argüello Rueda, José Darío and Patiño Zambrano, Yuly Katherin
- Subjects
CIVIL rights ,METROPOLITAN areas ,SOCIAL dynamics ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SCHOOLS - Abstract
Copyright of Iustitia is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Bucaramanga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The ECtHR faced with U.N.S.C. chapter VII resolutions containing measures in contradiction with the ECHR
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Soldanescu, Tatiana, University of Bucharest (UniBuc), and Psei, Paix & sécurité européenne & internationale
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Droits fondamentaux ,Chapter VII ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Case Law ,Convention européenne des droits de l'homme ,Primauté ,Equivalent Protection ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Supremacy ,European Court of Human Rights ,UN Security Council ,Cour européenne des droits de l'homme ,Résolution ,Jurisprudence ,Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU ,Chapitre VII ,Violation ,Interpretation ,article103 Charter of United Nations ,Fundamental Rights ,article 103 Charte des Nations Unies ,European Convention on Human Rights ,Conflit de normes ,Conflict of Norms ,Interprétation ,Resolution ,Protection équivalente - Abstract
The relationship between U.N. Security Council Chapter VII resolutions and the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights has been analyzed by the European Court of Human Rights on multiple occasions when it dealt with complaints concerning violation of human rights by the respondent states in the context of implementing the measures imposed by the Security Council in its Chapter VII resolutions. However, when faced with determining the legal relationship between the ECHR and the Security Council's Chapter VII resolutions, the ECtHR showed inconstancy in its interpretation of both the Convention and the obligations states have as a consequence of the resolutions adopted by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter. When the Court avoided stating on the possible conflict of norms between the provisions of the Security Council's resolutions and the rights guaranteed by the Convention, it might have created a conflict based on an explicit provision in the resolutions that would require violation of the Convention. By doing so, the Court overlooked the implications that its case law will have on the future of the Security Council's resolutions and the actions that states will take as a consequence. Considering the latest and most relevant case law of the Court, this study will try to identify the risks that such a practice might have if and/or when the Security Council will explicitly impose states obligations in conflict with the human rights provided for by the Convention., La relation entre les résolutions du chapitre VII du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU et les droits garantis par la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme a été analysée par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme à plusieurs reprises lorsqu'elle a traité des plaintes concernant la violation des droits de l'homme par les États défendeurs dans le contexte de mettre en œuvre les mesures imposées par le Conseil de sécurité dans ses résolutions du Chapitre VII. Cependant, face à la détermination de la relation juridique entre la CEDH et les résolutions du chapitre VII du Conseil de sécurité, la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme a fait preuve d'incohérence dans son interprétation à la fois de la Convention et des obligations des États en conséquence des résolutions adoptées par le Conseil de sécurité en vertu du chapitre VII de la Charte des Nations Unies. Lorsque la Cour a évité de se prononcer sur le possible conflit de normes entre les dispositions des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité et les droits garantis par la Convention, elle aurait pu créer un conflit fondé sur une disposition explicite des résolutions qui exigerait la violation de la Convention. Ce faisant, la Cour a ignoré les implications que sa jurisprudence aura sur l'avenir des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité et les mesures que les États prendront en conséquence. Considérant la jurisprudence la plus récente et la plus pertinente de la Cour, cette étude tentera d'identifier les risques que pourrait avoir une telle pratique si et/ou quand le Conseil de sécurité imposerait explicitement aux États des obligations en conflit avec les droits de l'homme prévus par la Convention.
- Published
- 2022
35. The relationships between te European systems
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Tabani, Sarah, Centre de Recherches Critiques sur le Droit (CERCRID), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Université de Lyon, and Baptiste Bonnet
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Droits fondamentaux ,European courts ,European institutions ,Institutions européennes ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Juridictions européennes ,Fundamental rights ,Rapports de systèmes ,Conseil de l’Europe ,European Union ,Council of Europe ,Union européenne - Abstract
The European Union and the Council of Europe had since their creation particular relationships. These relationships had known real evolution for sixty years. Espacially, we notice a process of formalisation of these relationships, in order to create an accurate scope of cooperation between European Union and the Council of Europe, as demonstrate several agreements between the European institutions. Some informal tools had been use, or merely created, so that manage these profuse relationships, which had shown a variable efficacy. As a resulte, we observe the necessary uphildong of informal and spontaenous relationships, which aren’t come out of a defined scoop, but from fact situation, from an interpretive or legitimiation needs or in order to overcome a system deficiency,getting in an other. Moreover, the european judge is one of the most important stakeholder of the european relationships, especially when there isn’t any management rule. He creates his own tools and technique, as the Bosphorus presumption of equivalent protection shows. Consequently, is the relationships between the EU and the Council of Europe has to be formalized so as to deepen their cooperation in some areas, formalisation has some limits, as reveales the limited EU accession to the Council of Europe Conventions, and especially the EU accession to the ECHR. The informal relationships, thanks to their spontaneity overcome some complications. A balance is finally found between the need of formalisation and the necessary upholding of informal relationships.; L’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe détiennent depuis leur création des relations particulières. Ces rapports de systèmes européens ont connu une réelle évolution en soixante-dix ans. En particulier, nous avons constaté un processus de formalisation de ces rapports, tendant établir un cadre précis de coopération entre l’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe, comme le démontre les nombreux accords interinstitutionnels entre les institutions des deux Europe. Des outils formels ont également été utilisés, ou tout simplement créés, afin de gérer les rapports de systèmes foisonnants, qui ont démontré une efficacité variable. Entre alors en scène le nécessaire maintien de rapports de systèmes européens informels, spontanés, ne résultant pas d’un cadre prédéfini par les institutions européennes, mais d’une situation de fait, d’un besoin qu’il s’agisse d’un besoin interprétatif, de légitimation ou de pallier la carence d’un système en puisant dans l’autre une règle de droit. Le juge européen est en outre l’un des artisans essentiels des rapports de systèmes européens, notamment lorsqu’en absence de règle générale de gestion, il crée ses propres méthodes de gestion, comme le démontre la présomption de protection équivalente. Partant, si les rapports entre l’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe doivent faire l’objet d’une indispensable formalisation afin d’approfondir leur coopération dans certains domaines, la formalisation a ses limites, comme le révèle le recours largement limité à l’adhésion de l’Union aux Conventions du Conseil de l’Europe, et plus singulièrement les difficultés relatives à l’adhésion de l’Union à la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme. Les rapports de systèmes informels, par leur spontanéité viennent ainsi pallier certaines raideurs et permettent de traiter des domaines qui ne sont pas couverts par les rapports de systèmes formels. Un point d’équilibre est ainsi trouvé entre un besoin de formalisation et le nécessaire maintien de rapports informels.
- Published
- 2021
36. Droit du travail et sous-traitance : une approche de droits colombien, international et comparé
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Tobon Perilla, Vladimir, Centre de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (COMPTRASEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Bordeaux, Philippe Auvergnon, and STAR, ABES
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Relocation ,Droits fondamentaux ,Egalité de chances ,Sous-traitance internationale ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Donneur d'ordre ,Collective bargaining ,Sous-Traitance ,Travail illégal ,Égalités salariales ,Délocalisation ,Solidarité financière ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Offshoring ,Subcontracting ,Fundamental rights ,Discrimination ,Santé et sécurité au travail ,Externalisation ,Prêt illicite de main d’oeuvre ,Labor rights ,Tertiarisation - Abstract
Subcontracting and outsourcing have rapidly expanded in recent years. This contracting model is no longer restricted to marginal activities; as a matter of fact, in certain sectors it accounts for 100 percent of companies’ production. Furthermore, regarding employment and labor, subcontracting is classified as one of the forms of atypical employment. Such forms of employment have negative effects on the exercise of employment-related rights by workers linked to subcontractor companies. This boom, along with its negative impact, entails rethinking labor laws. This new analysis aims to identify the fundamental rights affected by this contracting form, as well as to explore the role that labor laws can play in fostering equality between directly-hired workers and those hired by subcontractors. Thus, the hiring by subcontractors did not allow the workers to fully enjoy their fundamental rights as defined by the ILO. As regards the trade union rights, the imbalance between the rights of subcontracting workers and those directly hired has three aspects: First, in some cases, the limits imposed by law on the rights of association, negotiation and strike prevent in subcontracting relations, the formation of organizations likely to become interlocutors with their direct employers and, even less, with contracting firms. Secondly, the impossibility of exercising collective rights results from material circumstances that do not permit enough workers to form a union and establish a dialogue with the employer. Material situations are diverse. They concern both the physical location of work, the lack of interest of employers and the pressure to discourage the exercise of trade union rights. Thirdly, the trade unions do not have, among their duties or missions, the defence of working conditions of workers «external», who are not part of the company’s workforce; The same applies to the competence of other forms of staff representation, with exceptions. In any event, the field of trade union action and collective bargaining does not address the issue of working conditions for subcontractors. The factual and legal separation of subcontractors from subcontractors, and the breakdown of the world of subcontracting into multiple small enterprises, prevent the regrouping of workers and, concretely, the creation of trade union organizations. For the same reasons, other rights, such as collective bargaining and strike rights, are neither respected nor exercised., Le phénomène de la sous-traitance a cru à un rythme accéléré ces dernières années. Le recours à la passation de ce type de contrat entre entreprises, portant sur tout ou partie de l'activité de celle dite donneuse d'ordre, ne concerne plus aujourd'hui les seules activités marginales car la sous-traitance concerne, dans certains secteurs, le cent pour cent de la production des entreprises. Si la croissance du recours à la sous-traitance s’inscrit dans la recherche de formes d’organisation de la production plus performante, elle poursuit d’évidence également une réduction des coûts, en commençant par ceux liés aux conditions d’emploi et de travail. Bien que le droit du travail, par principe, réserve les mêmes droits fondamentaux à tous les travailleurs, quelle que soit l’entreprise où ils travaillent, le fait de travailler dans le cadre d’une sous-traitance, emporte des conséquences sociales négatives. Travailler pour une entreprise sous-traitante emporte, de facto et de jure, une différenciation de droits avec celui embauché directement par l’entreprise donneuse d’ordre. Au travers d’une analyse du cadre juridique colombien et d’une comparaison, principalement mais pas uniquement, avec celui prévalant en France, on a souhaité d’une part réaliser un état des lieux des droits des travailleurs principalement atteints via le recours à la sous-traitance, d’autre part voir en quoi et comment le droit du travail pourrait répondre au développement des inégalités et de la précarité qui accompagne le recours à la sous-traitance, singulièrement en République de Colombie.
- Published
- 2021
37. Redes Informales e Instituciones Democráticas en América Latina.
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Mascareño, Aldo, da Silva, Artur Stamford, Loewe, Daniel, and Rodríguez, Darío
- Abstract
Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Faut-il constitutionnaliser la lutte contre le terrorisme?
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Gervier, Pauline
- Abstract
Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Le sportif surhomme et sous citoyen : faut-il renoncer à sa liberté individuelle pour faire du sport de compétition ?
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Péchillon, Éric
- Abstract
Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. La protection des droits fondamentaux dans l'Union européenne.
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Caunes, Karine
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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41. L’office du juge constitutionnel en Afrique subsaharienne : étude comparative à partir des exemples béninois, gabonais et malgache
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Edzodzomo Nkoumou, Téphy-Léwis, Institut de Recherches sur l'Evolution de la Nation Et de l'Etat (IRENEE), Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, Jérôme Germain, and UL, Thèses
- Subjects
Droits fondamentaux ,Contrôle de constitutionnalité ,État de droit ,Afrique ,Constitutional judge ,Constitution ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Juge constitutionnel ,Fundamental rights ,Africa ,Constitutional control ,Rule of law - Abstract
This thesis aims to reflect on the nature of the powers and duties devolved to constitutional judges in sub-Saharan Africa from the Benin, Gabonese and Malagasy examples. It is based on an assertion that is difficult to dispute : these judges exercise both jurisdictional and political powers and duties. In doing so, their office may seem banal, normal, standard in the sense that its hybrid character is the thing best shared by all constitutional courts. However, this is not the case because, if the office of these judges is standardized, it must be recognized that it is also unique. On the jurisdictional level, this singularization in standardization is attested by the fact that the High Courts follow a procedure identical to that of the ordinary judge and become administrative judges, when they control the constitutionality and legality of the administration's actions, and criminally judge them when they protect human rights. As a result, they create a new judicial order "in fact." Politically, the singularization in standardization is proven by the fact that the High Courts use their judicial power to appropriate not only the exercise of the legislative function, but also that of the constituent function. This political office can be interpreted differently. On the one hand, it would be inherent in the status and missions devolved to the constitutional judge of sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, it would be formidable because it changes not only the place of the judge in constitutional institutions, but also the acceptance of major constitutional principles such as the separation of powers and national sovereignty. In short, African constitutional judges exercise a hybrid office which, legal-political on form, is singular and standardized on the merits., Cette thèse vise à réfléchir sur la nature des pouvoirs et devoirs dévolus aux juges constitutionnels d'Afrique subsaharienne à partir des exemples béninois, gabonais et malgache. Elle repose sur une affirmation difficilement contestable : ces juges exercent des pouvoirs et devoirs à la fois juridictionnels et politiques. Ce faisant, leur office peut sembler banal, normal, standard en ce sens que son caractère hybride est la chose la mieux partagée par l'ensemble des juridictions constitutionnelles. Pourtant, il n'en est rien car, si l'office de ces juges se standardise, force est de reconnaître qu'il se singularise aussi. Sur le plan juridictionnel, cette singularisation dans la standardisation est attestée par le fait que les Hautes juridictions suivent une procédure identique à celle du juge ordinaire et se muent d'ailleurs en juges administratif, lorsqu'ils contrôlent la constitutionnalité et la légalité des actes de l'administration, et en juge pénal, lorsqu'ils protègent les droits humains. Il en résulte qu'ils créent « de fait » un nouvel ordre juridictionnel. Sur le plan politique, la singularisation dans la standardisation est avérée par le fait que les Hautes Instances utilisent leur pouvoir jurisprudentiel afin de s'approprier non seulement l'exercice de la fonction législative, mais aussi celui de la fonction constituante. Cet office politique peut être différemment interprété. D'une part, il serait inhérent au statut et aux missions dévolus au juge constitutionnel d'Afrique subsaharienne. D'autre part, il serait redoutable parce qu'il modifie non seulement la place du juge au sein des institutions constitutionnelles, mais aussi l'acception des grands principes constitutionnels comme la séparation des pouvoirs et la souveraineté nationale. En somme, les juges constitutionnels africains exercent un office hybride qui, juridico-politique sur la forme, est singulier et standardisé au fond.
- Published
- 2021
42. Ansätze zu einer völkerrechts- und verfassungskonformen Ausgestaltung der Untersuchungshaft.
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Künzli, Jörg and Frei, Nula
- Abstract
Copyright of Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Kriminologie is the property of Staempfli Verlag AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
43. The covid-19 vaccination under the prism of liberties
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Mesnil, Marie, Institut Droit et Santé (IDS - U1145), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Droits fondamentaux ,Certificate ,Vaccination obligation ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Health passport ,Fundamental rights ,Obligation vaccinale ,Passeport sanitaire ,Individual liberties ,Covid-19 ,Certificat ,Libertés individuelles - Abstract
International audience; The author examines the interaction of vaccination against Covid-19 with individual liberties undermined by the state of health emergency. She looks at the issue of access to vaccination due to the low availability of the vaccine. Compulsory vaccination would have been possible, legally, if the vaccines were sufficiently available, but this was ruled out. The limited supply of vaccines has led public authorities to develop a policy of prioritizing target audiences to manage access to the vaccine. The author then looks at the effects that vaccination could have if a vaccine passport were eventually introduced. Indeed, we could be faced with a conditioning of individual liberties to the production of a vaccination certificate. Such a health passport raises issues regarding fundamental rights, particularly concerning the right to privacy.; L’auteure s’interroge sur l’interaction entre la vaccination contre la Covid-19, et les libertés individuelles mises à mal par l’état d’urgence sanitaire. Elle se penche sur la question de l’accès à la vaccination en raison de la faible disponibilité du vaccin. L’obligation vaccinale aurait été possible, juridiquement, si les vaccins étaient suffisamment disponibles. Le stock limité de vaccins a conduit les pouvoirs publics à élaborer une politique de priorisation des populations ciblées pour gérer cet accès au vaccin. L’auteure évoque les effets que pourrait produire la vaccination si un passeport vaccinal était mis en place. En effet, on pourrait faire face à un conditionnement des libertés individuelles à la production d’un certificat de vaccination. Un tel pass sanitaire pose des enjeux au regard des droits fondamentaux, notamment concernant le droit au respect de la vie privée.
- Published
- 2021
44. Les droits des personnes transgenres au Pakistan (2009-2019)
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Jeffrey A. Redding
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transgenre ,héritage ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Inheritance ,droits fondamentaux ,lcsh:K1-7720 ,Fundamental rights ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Transgender ,lcsh:Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,Pakistan ,Islam - Abstract
On a pu assister dans la dernière décennie à une série de développements notables concernant les droits transgenres au Pakistan. On peut retracer leur origine à 2009, lorsqu’un avocat privé a déposé une plainte à la Cour suprême du Pakistan. Depuis cette plainte se sont ensuivies plusieurs années d’audiences et d’ordonnances de la Cour suprême du Pakistan à propos des droits et du bien-être des transgenres et plusieurs départements des gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux et ont été contraints d’engager un dialogue avec la Cour suprême ainsi qu’avec les activistes sociaux sur la manière dont ces gouvernements peuvent améliorer la position sociale, politique et économique des transgenres au Pakistan. Ce dialogue a permis l’adoption en 2018 d’une loi novatrice et de large portée sur la protection des droits des personnes transgenres. Cet article s’intéresse à ces développements sur les droits transgenres ainsi qu’aux échecs récents au niveau gouvernemental à faire respecter les termes de la loi de 2018. The past decade has witnessed a multitude of noteworthy transgender rights developments in Pakistan. The spur for these developments can be immediately traced to 2009 and a petition filed by a private attorney in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Over the course of several years of Supreme Court hearings and orders on transgender rights and welfare resulting from this petition, several provincial and federal government departments were forced to be in dialogue with the Supreme Court and civil society activists alike on how government could improve the social, political, and economic position of transgender individuals in Pakistan. Ultimately, this dialogue contributed to the passage, in 2018, of the wide-reaching and groundbreaking Transgender Persons (Protections of Rights) Act. This article surveys the above transgender rights developments, as well as recent governmental failures to adhere to the terms of the 2018 Act.
- Published
- 2021
45. Principe de cohérence et droit international privé de la famille européen
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Aït Ahmed, Lilia, Institut de Recherche juridique de la Sorbonne André Tunc (IRJS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, Vincent Heuzé, and STAR, ABES
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Droits fondamentaux ,de sécurité et de justice ,Méthodologie ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Droit de l’Union européenne ,Exequatur ,Pluralisme ,Principle of coherence ,Nationalité ,Statut personnel ,Coopération judiciaire en matière civile ,Mutual trust ,Principle of mutual recognition ,Principe de cohérence ,Libre circulation des personnes ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Droit international privé de la famille ,Free movement of people ,Pluralism ,Identité nationale des États-membres ,National identity of member States ,European Union legal order ,Permanency ,Nationality ,Judicial cooperation in civil matters ,Internal market ,Access to justice ,Marché intérieur ,Principe de primauté ,Ordre juridique de l’Union européenne ,Methodology ,Accès à la justice ,Espace de liberté ,Espace judiciaire européen uniforme ,Private international family law ,Personal status ,Principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des décisions ,Permanence ,Area of freedom ,Uniform European judicial area ,Fundamental rights ,security and justice ,Precedence principle ,European Union law ,Confiance mutuelle - Abstract
The Europeanization of private international law, a major breakthrough in the past two decades, has led to an unprecedented uniformization of international jurisdiction and conflict of laws rules. However, the European Union law making process has come up against significant difficulties questioning the rationality of its development. On the one hand, the uniformization’s legal basis has come under well-founded criticism. On the other hand, the legal technique, although never disavowed, has quickly failed to reach the required consensus among all member states, adding a geographical fragmentation of the European judicial area, shifting according to the regulation taken into account, to the characteristic material fragmentation of uniformization. Analyzing European private international law in family matters in view of the methodological principle of coherence, which governs the creation of law, allows for the identification of the sources of the aforementioned difficulties and the proposal of adjustments in compliance with the legal basis and the aim pursued. Firstly, a comparison with the evolution of the personal status has brought out the new approach of free movement of people, through the enforcement of “free movement” of decisions. Based on the loosening of the ties between individuals and the state, the pursuit of this freedom has led to a modification of the competences conferred upon the European Union. That alteration has allowed uniformization of private international rules, with no regard whatsoever for the uselessness of the latter to achieve its goal. Secondly, the methodological analysis has revealed that this approach reflects the European legislator’s erroneous vision of a uniform European judicial area. Nonetheless, such an idea rests on the insubstantial theoretical foundation of a principle of mutual recognition based on a questionable vision of an absolute mutual trust between member states. Therefore, it has aroused strong reactions from member states willing to protect their own national views, challenging that trust and the precedence of Union law which ensures it. Studying primary law leads to lay aside these representations of a uniform judicial area and of a hierarchical organization between the European Union and the national legal orders resulting from the objective of free movement of people. Regarding to the cooperation in civil matters and especially in family matters, the European Treaties promote, on the contrary, a fundamentally pluralist vision, respectful of the diversity of the national legal orders of the member states and seeking to ease access to justice for the parties. From that point of view, a renewed reflection on the elaboration of European private international law in family matters, from a much less integrationist perspective, is inevitable., L’européanisation du droit international privé de la famille, fait majeur de ces deux dernières décennies, s’est traduit par une uniformisation sans précédent des règles de compétence internationale et de conflit de lois. Son évolution se heurte toutefois à des difficultés fondamentales interrogeant la rationalité de sa construction. D’une part, les fondements de l’uniformisation font encore l’objet de critiques déterminantes. D’autre part, la technique mise en œuvre, jamais remise en cause, a rapidement échoué à réunir l’unanimité des États membres requise en la matière. À un morcellement matériel caractéristique de l’uniformisation s’adjoint alors un morcellement géographique de l’espace judiciaire européen, fluctuant au gré du texte considéré. Aussi, l’analyse du droit international privé de la famille européen à l’aune du principe méthodologique de cohérence, qui gouverne l’élaboration du droit, permet d’identifier les sources de ces difficultés et de proposer des solutions en considération des fondements de la matière et des fins poursuivies. Dans un premier temps, une comparaison avec la formation du statut personnel met en évidence la logique nouvelle qu’impose, au travers de la « libre circulation » des décisions, l’objectif de libre circulation des personnes. Reposant sur un relâchement des liens entre les individus et l’État, sa poursuite a conduit à une altération des compétences attribuées à l’Union européenne en faveur de l’uniformisation des règles, sans que cette dernière justifie son utilité au regard de la fin visée. L’analyse révèle, dans un second temps, que cette démarche traduit la vision erronée, adoptée par le législateur européen, d’un espace judiciaire uniforme. Une telle conception repose cependant sur l’assise théorique fragile d’un principe de reconnaissance mutuelle fondé sur une vision absolue contestable de la confiance mutuelle. Elle suscite dès lors de vives réactions de la part d’États membres désireux de protéger leurs conceptions nationales et remettant en cause cette confiance et la primauté du droit de l’Union qui la garantit. Un retour au droit primaire conduit à constater que, loin d’une telle approche uniformisatrice et hiérarchique dictée par l’objectif de libre circulation des personnes, c’est une vision fondamentalement pluraliste, respectueuse de la diversité des ordres juridiques des États membres et orientée vers l’accès à la justice des parties, que véhiculent les traités en matière de coopération judiciaire en matière civile, et notamment familiale. Ce constat appelle dès lors, dans une perspective bien moins intégrationniste, une réflexion renouvelée relative aux modalités de la réglementation européenne du droit international privé de la famille.
- Published
- 2021
46. Les droits fondamentaux constituent-ils un frein ou un moteur de l'intégration européenne ? Propos conclusifs
- Author
-
Gaudin, Hélène, Andriantsimbazovina, Joël, DSR-SCD-UT1C, Service Publications, and Joël Andriantsimbazovina
- Subjects
Europe ,Droits fondamentaux ,Federalism ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,fédéralisme ,A- DROIT ,Fundamental rights ,3-1- Droit constitutionnel ,A8- Droit de l’Union Européenne - Published
- 2021
47. Droits fondamentaux et intégration européenne. Bilan et perspectives de l'Union européenne
- Author
-
Andriantsimbazovina, Joël and DSR-SCD-UT1C, Service Publications
- Subjects
Droits fondamentaux ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,European Integration ,Fundamental Rights ,European Union ,Union européenne ,Intégration européenne - Abstract
Les droits fondamentaux ont été progressivement insérés dans le processus d'intégration européenne en vue de donner une légitimité à celle-ci, voire d'en être le ciment. Il sont été érigés comme valeurs de l'Union européenne, ils constituent l'ossature de l'intégration. Toutefois, les droits fondamentaux ne sont pas protégés de la même manière ou au même niveau au sein de l'Union. La place, le rôle et les contradictions des droits fondamentaux favorisent-ils l'intégration? Conscient du fait que celle-ci est une aventure au long cours, le présent ouvrage propose une analyse à la fois retrospective et prospective du rôle - positif ou négatif - des droits fondamentaux dans la construction européenne.
- Published
- 2021
48. Les potentialités d'évolution des compétences de la Cour de Justice de l'Union Européenne sur l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
- Author
-
Tremoliere, Alexandre and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Droits fondamentaux ,Espace de liberté sécurité et justice ,Dialogue des juges ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Judicial dialogue ,Cour de justice de l'Union européenne ,Area of Freedom Security and Justice ,Fundamental Rights ,Court of justice of the European Union ,European Union ,Union européenne - Abstract
Generalized by the Treaty of Lisbon, the competences of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the area of freedom, security and justice are exercised in a legal and institutional framework that is constrained. In addition to restrictions intended to preserve national sovereignty, the Court of Justice exercises its jurisdiction in a territorially and materially fragmented area. These factors of complexity regulate the conditions under which the European Court of Justice takes place in these matters, while the concrete and operational challenges of this area give a new dimension to cases brought to the Court and make it necessary to regulate it, in particular to ensure the protection of fundamental rights.In this context, if the Court of Justice already exercises its jurisdiction with a view to being the regulator of the area of freedom, security and justice, in particular to ensure its consistency and proper functioning, this development is not completed. Its positioning with regard to fundamental rights seems to have to evolve all the more as this area directly concerns judges in their mission of guardians of individual rights. The renewed importance of judicial dialogue thus gives a new dimension to the role of the Court of Justice. Its legitimacy is increasingly based on its ability to fully integrate the issues related to fundamental rights while preserving the plurality of national models. Leading to define a new articulation between national and European judges, this regulation of the area of freedom, security and justice must also take into account the role of the European Court of Human Rights. By exercising its competences with a view to complementarity of thoses missions, the Court of Justice can assert itself as the central actor of the area of freedom, security and justice, being the guardian of its founding values., Généralisées par le traité de Lisbonne, les compétences de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne sur l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice s’exercent dans un cadre juridique et institutionnel néanmoins contraint. Outre des restrictions destinées à préserver les souverainetés nationales, la Cour de justice intervient dans un espace fragmenté sur les plans territorial et matériel. Ces facteurs de complexité encadrent les conditions dans lesquelles la juridiction européenne intervient dans ces matières, alors que les enjeux concrets et opérationnels de cet espace donnent une nouvelle dimension au contentieux européen et rendent nécessaires sa régulation, en particulier pour assurer la protection des droits fondamentaux. Dans ce contexte, si la Cour de justice exerce déjà ses compétences dans la perspective d’être le régulateur de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice, notamment pour en assurer la cohérence et le bon fonctionnement, cette évolution n’est pas achevée. À cet égard, son positionnement à l’égard des droits fondamentaux semble devoir évoluer d’autant plus que cet espace concerne directement les juges dans leur mission de garants des droits et libertés. L’importance ainsi renouvelée du dialogue juridictionnel confère une dimension nouvelle au rôle de la Cour de justice. Sa légitimité repose en effet de plus en plus sur sa capacité à pleinement intégrer les enjeux liés aux droits fondamentaux tout en préservant la pluralité des modèles nationaux. Conduisant à définir une nouvelle articulation entre les juges nationaux et européen, cette régulation de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice doit également tenir compte du rôle de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. En exerçant ses compétences dans la perspective de complémentarité de ces missions, la Cour de justice peut s’affirmer comme l’acteur central de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice, étant garante de ses valeurs fondatrices.
- Published
- 2021
49. EU Migration policy to the test of fundamental rights
- Author
-
Kamouna, Saida and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Droits fondamentaux ,Migration policy ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Fundamental rights ,Politique migratoire ,Asylum ,Asile - Abstract
The emergence of a common migration policy is recent, as the European Union tackles the issue of migration only belatedly. Common actions to regulate migration issues were implemented gradually from the 1970s, within a purely intergovernmental framework, then gradually within a common framework. This policy covers aspects relating to the entry and stay of third-country nationals on the territory of the European Union, the fight against irregular immigration and the control of external borders.The process of Europeanization of immigration and asylum rules has been a long and laborious one, and it remains unfinished due to states' attachment to their sovereignty. This is why the European Union's immigration and asylum policy is still a shared competence between the European Union and the Member States.The recent refugee crisis of 2015 not only highlighted the lack of solidarity between member states of the EU, but also revealed the weaknesses of the Common European Asylum System and the ineffectiveness of the Dublin Regulation, which places a greater burden on the countries of first entry.In addition, recent readmission agreements between the European Union and certain third countries, confirm the willingness of the EU and the Member States to outsource the management of migratory flows to countries with little concern of human rights, at the risk of violating the fundamental rights of asylum seekers.In our study, we are going to shed light on a common migration policy that is incomplete, and therefore not very united and sometimes oblivious to fundamental rights. The European Union, although a bearer of values seems to be moving away from them in the treatment of migrants., L’émergence d’une politique migratoire commune est récente, car l’Union européenne ne se saisit de la question des migrations que tardivement. Des actions communes en matière de régulation des questions migratoires ont été mise en place graduellement à partir des années 70, dans un cadre purement intergouvernemental, puis progressivement dans un cadre communautaire. Cette politique englobe les volets relatifs à l’entrée et le séjour des ressortissants de pays tiers sur le territoire de l'Union européenne, la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière et le contrôle des frontières extérieures.L’européanisation des règles de l’immigration et de l’asile a été un processus long et laborieux, il demeure inachevé en raison de l’attachement des Etats à leur souveraineté. C’est pourquoi la politique de l’Union en matière d’immigration et d’asile reste une compétence partagée entre l’Union et les Etats membres.La récente crise des réfugiés de 2015, a mis en lumière non seulement le manque de solidarité entre les Etats membres, mais elle a également révélé les faiblesses du régime d’asile européen commun et l’inefficacité du Règlement de Dublin, qui fait peser une charge plus importante sur les pays de première entrée.De plus, les récents accords réadmission entre l’Union et certains pays tiers, confirment la volonté de l’UE et des Etats membres de sous-traiter la gestion des flux migratoires à des pays peu soucieux des droits humains, au risque de porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux des demandeurs d’asile.Dans notre étude, nous allons mettre en lumière une politique migratoire commune inachevée, et par conséquent peu solidaire et parfois oublieuse des droits fondamentaux. L’Union bien que porteuse de valeurs, semble s’en éloigner dans le traitement du migrant.
- Published
- 2021
50. Acciones en materia de cooperación dentro del territorio nacional de México en el marco del Plan de Desarrollo Integral y la Política Migratoria
- Author
-
Sandoval Salas, Gloria
- Subjects
Droits fondamentaux ,Immigration stations ,Refuges ,Fundamental rights ,Migración ,Shelters ,Planificación ,Desarrollo ,Derechos fundamentales ,Migration ,Postes d’immigration - Abstract
This article analyzes the intensification of the flows of people who intend to settle in the United States of North America, generating problems and various challenges for the Mexican State in their wake. In this sense, the Government of Mexico has designed a development plan that combines efforts in humanitarian and legal assistance and support for applicants and refugees. Through the Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation, this integrated plan is implemented in turn in the planning of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and aimed at improving the migratory stations and shelters that operate in the Mexican territory. En este artículo se analiza la intensificación de los flujos de personas que pretenden establecerse en los Estados Unidos de Norte América, generando a su paso, problemáticas y diversos desafíos para el Estado mexicano. En este sentido, el Gobierno de México ha diseñado un plan de desarrollo que aúna esfuerzos en materia de asistencia humanitaria, jurídica y apoyo a las personas solicitantes y refugiadas. A través de la Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo se ejecuta este plan integrado a su vez en la planificación de la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) y orientado a la mejora de las estaciones migratorias y albergues que operan en el territorio mexicano. Cet article analyse l’intensification des flux de personnes qui ont l’intention de s’installer aux États-Unis d’Amérique du Nord, générant dans leur sillage des problèmes et des défis divers pour l’État mexicain. En ce sens, le Gouvernement mexicain a conçu un plan de développement qui combine les efforts d’assistance humanitaire et juridique et de soutien aux demandeurs et aux réfugiés. Par l’intermédiaire de l’Agence mexicaine pour la coopération internationale au développement, ce plan intégré est mis en oeuvre à son tour dans la planification de la Commission économique pour l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (CEPALC) et vise à améliorer les stations migratoires et les abris qui opèrent sur le territoire mexicain.
- Published
- 2021
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