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The cultural significance of an organism is determined by its value to a group of individuals. In the case of fungi, it has been evaluated using precise indicators that allow comparing ethnomycological knowledge between communities. In Colombia, ethnomycological knowledge is sheltered by peasant and indigenous communities and it is estimated that 70 species are consumed. In this work, the cultural importance of wild edible mushrooms (EMCSI) in four municipalities of Boyacá (San Mateo, Miraflores, Togüí and Pauna) was estimated. Mushrooms are used for food and rarely for medicine; of a total of 20 reported species, the local use of 12 species is evidenced. The fungi with the highest EMCSI were Crepidotus palmarum, Auricularia fuscosuccinea, Ramaria spp., Agaricus aff. trinitatensis and Pleurotus sp. 1. The cultural variables that describe traditional knowledge include eight of those considered in the EMCSI, except for the economic index. This work builds a relationship of knowledge in a dynamic way; Community participation involves an exchange of knowledge that should be reflected in the conservation of forests, the appropriation of this provisioning ecosystem service, and the strengthening of interest in traditional knowledge among young people and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under stressful environments, plants associate with microbiota to adequately fulfill multiple functions. The plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association is one very important by which plants satisfy part of their water and nutritional needs. The knowledge of native AMF is a key factor in the development and application of this biotechnology in crops of socioeconomic importance, such as maize. The objective was to know the diversity of AMF and the extent of mycorrhizal colonization in maize plots in four regions with drought incidence. A significant association is expected between soil properties and spore abundance, species richness, and mycorrhizal colonization. Random sampling was carried out in four regions of the state of Oaxaca (Istmo, Sierra Norte, Mixteca and Valles Centrales) and the relationship of soil physicochemical properties with species richness, spore abundance, and percentage of colonization was analyzed using the redundancy technique. A total of 24 AMF species were recorded, of which Funneliformis geosporum and Rhizophagus intraradices are present in the four regions studied. The association of AMF with roots of maize plants was greater than 60%. The highest spore abundance was recorded in the Sierra Norte region. No significant differences in species richness were observed among regions or by season; however, the Valles Centrales region had the highest diversity index. Concentrations of moisture, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus in the soil were correlated (p£ 0.05) with mycorrhizal diversity in the study regions. These findings indicate that the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in the study plots is high, as well as the levels of mycorrhizal colonization (>60%). In addition, five new genera are reported for Oaxaca. This highlights the need to continue the evaluation of mycorrhizal diversity in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1994, Argentina has ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), by law 24.375, reflecting the public concern about biological diversity and the necessity to implement appropriate actions to promote its conservation. In order to study the scientific production in relation to fungal diversity in a pre and post-CBD context, a bibliometric study was carried out, evaluating the national scientific production in fungal diversity between 1978-1994 and 2000-2016 periods. The study was performed analyzing publications in national and international journals selected as indicators of the contributions to Argentine fungal diversity and elaborating collaboration networks with obtained data. The study included publications with at least one Argentine author and researches carried out in Argentina with or without collaborations with foreign institutions. Only those publications with contributions to Argentine fungal diversity were included. A total of 314 articles were incorporated to the analyses. Our results indicate an exponential trend in the production of knowledge in native fungal diversity and showed important collaboration networks between institutes at the national and international level. The data suggest a trend towards the decentralization of human resources and towards regional capacity building. The ratification of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol in Argentina has promoted changes in regulatory frameworks, but their impact on the scientific and technological field is not clear. The changes at the national level, such as the creation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Nation, seem to have promoted knowledge of the fungal diversity in Argentina and therefore for its conservation, compared to those resulting from multilateral agreements at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos contribuir al conocimiento de los macromicetos que crecen en el Parque Educativo Laguna Bélgica (PELB), en Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas y determinar el índice de diversidad de Simpson y similitud de Sorensen de la micobiota existente en los diferentes tipos de vegetación. Se realizaron 24 exploraciones micológicas durante un año, encontrándose 144 especies (24 Ascomycota y 120 Basidiomycota). El índice de diversidad, mostró que la vegetación con la micobiota más diversa fue la del bosque de Quercus elliptica (D= 0.9678) la cual presentó mayor similitud con el bosque de Liquidambar stracyflua (Is= 83 %). El sustrato más frecuente fue la madera en descomposición (57.63 %). Se determinaron las especies de macromicetos potencialmente utilizables para el consumo humano (22 especies), lo que determinó el valor micológico del área de estudio en 15.27 %. Del total de especies determinadas 22 son nuevos registros para el estado de Chiapas; 4 Ascomicetos Scutellinia scutellata, Xylaria amphitele, X. persicaria, Chlorociboria aeruginosa, y 18 Basidiomicetos Amanita pantherina, Geastrum striatum, Hydnum repandum, Hygrocybe miniata, Scleroderma verrucosum, Cotylidia diaphana, Lactarius indigo, Phlogiotis helvelloides, Hydnochaete olivaceae, Phellinus ferruginosus, P. contiguus, P.rufitinctus, Thelephora terrestris, T. cervicornis, Perenniporia ohiensis, Diplomitoporus lenis, Schizopora paradoxa y Tremella fuciformis.The objectives of this study were to contribute to the knowledge of macro fungi growing in the "Parque Educativo Laguna Belgica" (PELB), in Chiapas, Mexico and to determine the diversity and similarity indexes for its mycobiota in each type of vegetation. Twenty four mycological explorations were made during a year, resulting in the identification of 144 species (24 Ascomycota and 120 Basidiomycota). The diversity of fungal species was determined through the index of Simpson and the similarity among the existing mycobiota inside the different types of vegetation was determined by means of the index of Sorensen. The index of diversity pointed out that the vegetation with the most diverse mycobiota was Quercus elliptica forest (D= 0.9678) which presented greater similarity than the forest of Liquidambar styraciflua (Is= 83%). Rot wood was found to be the most frequently used substratum for the macromycetes (57.63%). Twenty two species of potential use for human consumption were found, determining a mycological value of 15.27 % for the area. Twenty two species were considered as new records for the state of Chiapas; 4 Ascomycetes Scutellinia scutellata, Xylaria amphitele, Chlorociboria aeruginosa, X. persicaria and 18 Basidiomycetes (Amanita pantherina, Geastrum striatum, Hydnum repandum, Hygrocybe miniata, Scleroderma verrucosum, Cotylidia diaphana, Lactarius indigo, Phlogiotis helvelloides, Hydnochaete olivaceae, Phellinus ferruginosus, P. contiguus, P.rufitinctus, Thelephora terrestris, T. cervicornis, Perenniporia ohiensis, Diplomitoporus lenis, Schizopora paradoxa and Tremella fuciformis.

Se narran las expediciones marítimas y terrestres en Tierra del Fuego durante los siglos XIX y XX, desde el punto de vista de la exploración micológica cuyos resultados han sido vertidos en publicaciones, destacando las expediciones argentinas. Contiene mapas con las principales expediciones argentinas. Se hace una evaluación de la diversidad fúngica de acuerdo con los datos previamente analizados, comparando los registros de colección en ambos períodos que indican una duplicación del número total de taxones de 647 especies descriptas en el siglo XIX hasta 1269 en el siglo XX. Simultáneamente se observa una disminución del 50,4 % al 19.7 % en el número de especies nuevas publicadas. Se agrega una lista de coleccionistas y otra del estado de conservación ex situ de especies seleccionadas. Se hace un breve comentario sobre la conservación de hábitats colonizados por hongos que están perturbados por la explotación no sustentable de los recursos naturales.A narration of the leading maritime and terrestrial expeditions in Fuegia during the XIX and XX centuries is approached from the point of view of the mycological exploration and published results on the mycobiota, emphazising the Argentine expeditions. Maps with the itinerary of main Argentine expeditions is given. An evaluation of the fungal diversity according to the previous review is presented, comparing the fungal records during both periods that shows duplication of the total number of taxa from 647 species described in XIX century to 1269 in the XX century. Simultaneously there is a decrease from 50.4 % to 19.7 % in the number of new species published. A list of collectors and a table with the state of ex-situ conservation of selected species is presented. A brief comment is given on conservation of habitats supporting fungal population that are disturbed by unsustainable exploitation of natural resources.

En el presente trabajo se analizó la diversidad de microhongos que constituyen la comunidad fúngica saprótrofa (anamorfos de Ascomycota) presente en hojarasca y suelo en bosques nativos de Celtis tala (tala) en el partido de Magdalena, provincia de Buenos Aires. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales durante dos años (2004-2005) y se aislaron e identificaron los hongos presentes. Se calculó la frecuencia relativa porcentual de cada taxón; estos datos fueron utilizados para evaluar la diversidad fúngica mediante el cálculo del Indice de Diversidad de Shanon y Weaver ( H '). Para discriminar las comunidades fúngicas se utilizó el coeficiente de similitud de Sorensen ( S '). Se identificaron 104 taxones de anamorfos de Ascomycota, de los cuales 54 fueron aislados de hojarasca y 58 de suelo, registrándose 8 especies en común para ambos tipos de muestra. De las especies compartidas, las que presentaron frecuencias más altas para hojarasca fueron las menos representadas en suelo y viceversa. El resultado del cálculo del coeficiente de similitud de Sorensen fue de 0.14, indicando que la comunidad de hongos saprótrofos que crece en la hojarasca de tala está integrada por diferentes especies a las que caracterizan la micobiota del suelo de la misma área. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el índice de diversidad.In this paper we analyze the diversity of species that compose the saprotrophic (anamorphic Ascomycota) fungi community in the leaf litter and soil in Celtis tala forest in Magdalena , located in the province of Buenos Aires . Seasonal samples were taken during two years (2004-2005), and fungi were isolated and identified. The relative frequencies of fungi were calculated. To compare the similarity of the fungi composition between different habitats, Sorensen's index of similarity (S´) was applied. The frequencies of occurrence of these fungi were recorded and Shannon Weaver index (H´) was applied to evaluate fungal diversity. A total of 104 taxa of anamorphic fungi were identified from which 54 were isolated from leaf litter, 58 from soil, and 8 species common for both types of substrate. From the taxa identified, those that had higher frequencies for leaf litter were the less represented in soil and vice versa. Sorensen´s index of similarity resulted 0.14, which means that the saprotrophic fungi community that grows in leaf litter of Celtis tala is composed by different species than those that characterized the mycobiota from the soil of the same area. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in the index of diversity.

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Twenty three new records are reported for the Jalisco mycobiota, mainly pertaining to Agaricales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales. Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Amanita jacksonii, Hydnellum ferrugineum, Hymenochaete damicornis, Pluteus salicinus, Ramaria araiospora var. araiospora and Suillus tomentosus var. discolor are described, and information is provided on their economic importance and ecologic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies concerning the aquatic hyphomycetes are rare in Colombia and non-existent in the Andean region Amazon, which is characterized as a transition between the Andes and the Amazon plain, with abundant river ecosystems, as in the case of the Hacha River, the main body of water for the city of Florencia (Caquetá) since its waters have multiple uses, mainly as: catchment, recreation, fishing and a less noble use as the depositary of the sewage from the city. Taking into account the proposed the research internship "Fungal composition and its relationship with the levels of organic contamination in aquatic ecosystems Amazon, case study Hacha River (Florencia-Caquetá)", which to date has found the first record of six species (Pestalotia De Not, Triscelophorus monosporus, Campylospora chaetocladia, Campylospora filicladia Nawawi, Mycofalcella calcarata and Flabellospora acuminata). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research which aims to analyze fungal occurrence, genetic diversity, and similarity between marine fungi gathered from Cascais and Sesimbra marinas located in Portugal. Details about the experimental design of the Fagus sylvatica and Pinus pinaster baits submerged in the marinas which include dimension and depth of submersion are presented. Following culture selection, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and genetic sequencing were performed. The frequent and very frequent marine fungi observed are also reported.